Eastward position, the, 143.

Economic Laws' and Economic Facts, 57; the Ricardian theory of Rent, 58; origin of agricultural Rent, ib.; natural and indestructible power' in land, 60; locality, ib.; the value of skill, or skillful labor, 62; influx of gold, 64; the silver panic, 65; Sir A. Musgrave on the gold discoveries, 66; luxuries, 67; the idle rich,' ib.; paper acknowledgments, 69; instance of the baker, 70; Mrs.

Fawcett's illustrations, ib.; combination of laborer and capitalist, 71; collapse of the cooperative works at Ouseburn, 72. Electrical standard measure, its designations, 79; resistance, 80; induction, 81. Electricity, the Science of, as applied in Peace and War, 73; Prof. Hanstein's theory of the four poles, 74; terrestrial magnetism, 75; its algebraic symbols, 76; ingenious nomenclature, 77; voltaic, or current electricity, ib.; Galvani's discovery, 78; Volta's continuous current, ib. ; electrical energy, 79; names of its standard measure, ib.; meaning of the designations, 80; electrical resistance, conductors, insulators, ib. ; induction, 81; condensers, ib.; origin of the Leyden jar, ib. ; rate of transmission by submarine telegraphis, 82; speed of electricity, ib.; Franklin's experiment, 83; Richmann's fatal result, ib. ; lightning-conductors, ib.; effects of the 'return-stroke' on the Pidgeon family, 85; manufacture of submarine cable, 86; electromagnetism, ib. ; the galvanometer, 87; earthcurrents, 89; duplex telegraphy, ib.; use of the telegraph during the Franco-German war, 91; of torpedoes in war, 93.

Ellis, John, letters from Prideaux, 45, death, 56. See Prideaux.

Erskine's forensic excellence, 9: speech on Howward r. Bingham, 12; comparative failure as a parliamentary speaker, 17.

FAWCETT, MRS., 'Political Economy for Beginners,' 70. See Economic Laws. Fell, Dean, anecdote of, by Prideaux, 50. Fiji, its annexation to England, 105; inhabitants, 106; missionary work, ib. Fisheries, the Lobster, Crab, and Oyster, 248; diminution of supply, ib.; increased consumption, 250; waste of fish-life, ib.; warfare among fish, 251; British oyster supply, ib.; present scarcity of crabs and lobsters, 252; the berried' hens, ib.; crabs, decrease in size, 253; bait, ib.; mussels, ib.; mode of cultivation in France, 254, 257; Bout's discovery of oyster culture, 254; increase in price, 255; scalps, ib. ; oyster 'ploys' in Edinburgh, 257; oyster fisheries in Ireland, ib. ; in America, 258; Report from the Select Committee, 259, 260; Act of Parliament to amend the law relating to the fisheries, 262. Forster, Mr., his speech at Bradford, 303.

GALLENGA, A., Two Years of the Eastern Question,' 304; interview with General Ignatieff, 305; with Sir Henry Elliott, ib. Galvani's discovery of current electricity, 78.

Gauss's investigation of terrestrial magnetism, 75.

Germanicus, house of, at Rome, 32. See Art and Archæology.

Gladstone, Mr., his speech at Birmingham, 151; at Hawarden Castle, 293; at Nottingham, ib.; his invective, 295; invitation to war, 296; opinion of the Turks, ib.; speech at Blackheath, 297; reflects upon the honor of the official representatives in Turkey, 299, 301. Gold question, the, 64. See Economic Laws. Gortschakoff's, Prince, circular, 160. Granville's, Lord, speech at Bradford, 302. Gubernatis, de, Prof., on the effect of politics upon Italian poets and prose writers, 237. Gutta-percha, its manufacture, 86; adulteration, ib. HANSTEIN, PROF., his theory of the four poles,

74.

Harris, Sir W. S., note on the coincidences in the Harrison, F., denies the immortality of the soul, numbers deduced by Halley, 74. 276, 277; or mention of it in the Bible, 277; Haywood, Mr., experiments on pavements, 224 ; his epitaph on Comte, 282. relative merits of granite, asphalte and wood, Hearn, Prof., on the order of settlement from 224, 226.

the less to the more fertile soils, 60.

Holy oils, consecration of the, 136. See Ridsdale Judgment. Howorth, H. N., History of the Mongols, 186; mistakes in Chinese and Persian names, 187; character of Jenghiz Khan, 195.

IDEALS, the Three Extreme, 201; the military, 202; Julius Cæsar, the eternal example of militarism, ib.; its fall, 203; the Pope the true successor of the Emperors of Rome, ib. : the military ideal no longer exists, 204; the inward spirit changed, ib.; antagonistic sentiments of France and Germany, ib.; sympathy and knowledge the central aim of modern nations, 205; intervention, ib.; system of the Church of Rome, 206; its unity, ib.; cause of her severance with that of England, 207; increase of clemency and humanity, 208; her contempt for the fruits of civilization, 209; sins of omission and want of vital energy, ib. ; the socialistic ideal of recent origin, 210; its extreme form, 211; theoretical socialism, ib. ; laws to limit inequalities, ib.; duty or power of the State, 212; Mill's broad and philoso phical socialism, 213; attitude of the artisan population of England, 214; trades-unions, 215; arbitration, ib.; dependence of workmen on their employers, 216; co-operation, ib.; its difficulties, ib.; summary of socialism, 217, 218.

Italian Poets, Contemporary, 236; prejudicial action of the political and social movement, 236; contempt for Metastasio, 237; influence of University professors on poetry, 238; exclusion of women from literary concerns, ib. ; Aleardi and Prati, 238, 242; Carducci, 242 his radicalism and socialism, 243; poems, ib. ; Zanella, 245; Arnaboldi, 246, 248.

JALÂLLUDIN, succeeds Muhammed, 193; escapes to Ghazni, ib. ; to Delhi, 194; marries the daughter of the sultan, 197; captures Tiflis, ib.; attacked by the Mongols and assassinated, ib.

Jenghiz Khan, 190; war with China, 190, 193; death, 195; character, ib. See Mongols.

LAFAYETTE'S influence and position, 171. Leyden jar, invention of the, 81. See Electricity. Liberal party, the, and Foreign Politics, 291; the 'Daily News' on the conduct of Russia, 292; responsibility of those who have contributed to the war, ib.; Russian philanthropy, ib.; Mr. Gladstone's speeches, 293; difficulties of Turkey, ib.; feeble administration of Mahmoud Pasha, ib.; energy of Midhat Pasha, 294; "Alliance of the three Emperors," ib. ; the Berlin Memorandum, 295; horror of the crimes in Bulgaria, ib.; character of the Turks, 298; their position before the war, 297; reflections upon the honor of our official representatives, 299, 301; horrors of the war, 300; the agency of the pro-Russian press, 304; M. Gallenga, ib. ; financial state of Russia and Turkey, 307.

Lightning-conductors, their inefficiency, 83. Litton Forbes' Two Years in Fiji,' 105. Lobster, decrease in the supply, and falling-off in size, 252; berried' hen lobsters, 252, 253, 260. See Fisheries.

Louis Napoleon, conversation with Odilon-Barrot, 179; dismisses Changarnier, 183; his coup d'état, 184.

Louis Philippe's visit to the Hôtel de Ville, 172; its success, 173; his persistent refusal of parliamentary reform, 174; signs his abdication, 178.

Lowe's, Mr., speech at Croydon about the Turks, 302.

MACLEOD, H. D., ‘The Principles of Economical Philosophy,' 69.

Mahmoud Pasha, 294. See Liberal Party. Mamertine prisons, the, their extension discovered, 29.

Mansfield, Lt.-Col., to Earl Granville, on the religious disturbances in Poland, 155. Mehemet Ali, entertains Odilon-Barrot, 176; treatment of his cooks, ib.

Metastasio, contempt for, 237. See Italian Poets.

Midhat Pasha, 294.

Mill, J. S., on broad and philosophical socialism, 213, 214.

Mithras, worship of, records found in Rome, 37. Mongols, History of the, 186; their habits, 187; warfare hunts, 188; first mention of, ib. ; Oriental genealogies, ib. ; the birth of Budantsar, 189; of Temujin, ib.; his marriage, ib.; reign, ib.; accepts the title of Jenghis Khan, 190; war with China, ib.; conquests, ib.; fate of Bukhara, 192; of Samarkand, and death of Muhammed, ib. ; fate of Nessa, 193; bravery of the Turks under Jalâlludîn, 194; destruction of Ghazni, Herat and Merv, ib. ; the Kipchaks seek the aid of the Russians, ib.; Mukuli's campaign and death, 195; conquest of Hia, ib.; death of Jenghiz Khan, ib.; succeeded by Oghotai, 196; death of Jalâlludin 197; Bulgar and Riazan captured, ib.; Kief destroyed, ib. ; excesses in Hungary, 198; death of Oghotai, 199; Batu recalled, ib.; Kuyuk's reign and death, ib. Mangu elected, ib.; missionaries sent by Rome to his court, ib.; accession of Khubilai, 200; encourages Chinese scholars, ib.; conquers China, and becomes virtually Emperor, ib. ; death, ib.; end of Mongol Dynasty, 201. Morinus, De Sacris Ecclesiæ Ordinationibus,' 284; result of his investigations, ib. Muhammed, Shah of Khuarezm, 191; pursued

by Jenghiz Khan, 192; death, 193; nominates his successor, ib.

Muschenbroek, Prof., accidental invention of the Leyden jar, 81; experiments on his friends, ib.

Mussels for bait, 253; mussel farm at Esnandes, 254.

NATIONAL Interests and National Morality, 146; the lesson taught by the Crimean War, ib.; its religious colouring, 147; parallel between 1853 and 1877, ib.; opinion of the mass of the nation, 148; English interests, ib.; our new political machinery, 149; morality of nations and individuals, 151; Mr. Gladstone's speech at Birmingham, ib. ; line of argument adopted by the Duke of Argyll, 152; sentiment' the authority for the guidance of the mass of people, 153; the present crisis, 155; atrocities perpetrated in Poland, ib.; religious persecution in Russia, 156; Russian foreign policy, 157; Prince Gortschakoff's letter, 160]; England's trade with Persia, 161; the fleet at Besika Bay, 162.

New Guinea and Polynesia, 95; first discovered ib.; geological connection with Australia, 96; character of its coast, 97; fauna, 98; floral, fruits, vegetables, 99; mineral productions, ib.; climate, ib. ; inhabitants, 100; relationship of Malays and Polynesians, ib.; cannibalism, 102; the 'tabu,' 103; daily life, ib. ; women, 104; houses, ib.; tools, ib., labourtraffic, 105; annexation of Fiji, ib.; decline of the population, 107; the Sandwich islands, 108; question of annexation, ib.; New Guinea Colonising Association,' 110.

ODILON-BARROT, Memoirs of, 165; early years, ib. graduates as advocate, 166; in M. Mailhe's Cabinet, ib.; succeeds him, ib. ; the terreur blanche, 167; attempt to restore a State Church,' ib. ; accused of atheism, ib. ; mnade a member of the Opposition, 168; brought before the Assize Court, found 'not guilty,' ib.; the Polignac ministry, 169; celebrated address of the 221 members, ib. ; president of the society Aide toi, le ciel t'aidera,' ib.; banquet to the 221, 170; his marriage, ib.; the revolution of 1830, ib.; indifference of Charles X., 171; Louis Philippe's visit to the Hôtel de Ville, 172; accompanies Charles X. to Cherbourg, 173; appointed Prefect of the Seine, 174; popular indignation against the ex-ministers, ib.; leader of the dynastic opposition, 175: view of the Ottoman empire, ib.; visits Cairo, 176; reform banquets, ib. ; defiant attitude of the Government, 177; interview with the King, ib.; provisional government proclaimed, 178; President of the Commission of Enquiry, 179; conversation with Louis Napoleon, ib.; describes him, 180; resigns, but is induced to resume his duties, ib.; his services dispensed with, 181; consulted by Changarnier, ib.; summoned to form a new ministry, 183; arrested and released, 185; accepts the Presidency of the Council of State, ib. ; death, ib.; character, 186.

Oratory Worship, 143. Ordination and Confession, 282; the ancient Ordinals, 283, 286; researches of Morinus, 284; Bull issued by Pope Eugenius IV., at the Council of Florence, 285; the 4th Canon of the Council of Trent, ib. ; ancient Greek rite of ordination, 296; ancient Latin ordina

tion offices, 287; the Romish use, 288; the Anglican Communion, 289; Bp. Andrewes on Ordination, ib.; compulsory confession, 290. Oxford Gossip in the Seventeenth Century, 43; Balliol College, 47; death of David Whitford, 49; Van Trump, 50.

Oysters, value consumed in the course of a year, 251; culture, 254, 259; advance in price, 255; spat, ib.; brood, 256; scalps, ib. See Fisheries.

PALATINE, the recent discoveries on, 30.
Petronilla, church of St., on the Campagna, 38.
Pidgeon family, effects of lightning, 85.
Poland, religious persecutions in, 155.
Polignac and the ex-ministers, popular indigna-
tion against, 174.

Porson, Richard, 3; capacity for tea-drinking, ib.; memory, 4.

Porta Capena, site of the ancient, discovered by Mr. Parker, 37.

Prati, Giov., his Edmenegarda,' 239; compared with Arnalda di Roca,' 239, 240; his lyrics and ballads, 241; Armando,' ib.; Psiche,' ib.

Prideaux, Humphrey, early years, 44; at Christ Church, Oxford, ib.; character, ib.; letters to his sister, ib. ; to his friend Ellis, 45; abuse of Woodroofe, 47; on Sir Philip Sidney, 48; Van Trump, 50; John Locke, 51; at Norwich, 54; marriage, ib.; describes Fairfax, Dean of Norwich, 55; death of his wife, 56.

RENTS, the Ricardian] theory, 58; high during the French war, 60; vary according to locality, ib. Republic, the New, and Modern Philosophers, 270; character of the host, 271; the guests, ib.; the aim of life discussed, 272; the Doctor's sermon, 274; Uncle Laurence's Essay and poems, 275; the banquet, ib.; Mr. Herbert's sermon, ib.; the new sceptical school, 276; advantages and drawbacks of signed articles, ib.; Mr. F. Harrison's opinions, ib. ; Prof. Clifford's attacks on Christianity, 278; cosmic emotion, 279; Leslie Stephen's views, 280; morality of the Positivist school, ib.; M. Comte's system of Positive Philosophy, 281; religious worship, ib.; nine sacraments, ib.; epitaph by Mr. Harrison, 282. Richmann, Prof., fatal experiment in electricity, 83.

Ridsdale Judgment and the Priest in Absolution, 127; present crisis in the Church of England, 129; resentment spreading among the laity, 129; general result of the decision, 130; language used by the organs and spokesman of the Ritualists, ib.; ornaments rubric, 131; Mr. Tooth's conduct applauded by the Church Union, 134; repudiation of the authority of the Privy Council, ib.; Canon Carter, ib.; 'High' and 'Low' celebrations, 136; consecration of Holy Oils, ib.; anointing the sick, 137; transubstantiation, ib.; office for confession, 138; Hints for the Priest in examining the Penitent,' 139; confession of a lady, 140; confession for children, 142; 'Oratory Worship,' 143; the eastward position, ib.; auricular confession, 144.

Ritualists, the language used by their organs and spokesmen, 130. Roads, 224. See Carriages.

Rochdale Pioneers' Co-operative Society, 217. Rome, the Church of, its ideal, 206. See Ideals. Russia, progress of, in the East, 157; religious

TELEGRAPH, the use of, during the Franco-German war, 91; employment of civilians or soldiers, 92; construction of, in the Ashantee war, ib.; the field electric-telegraph, 93. Thiers', M., defence of Changarnier, 183; arrest, 184.

Thomson, Sir W., address to the Society of Tel

egraph Engineers, 75; experiments on the galvanometer, 88.

Thurlow's, Judge, vindication of his position and profession, 18.

Tindal, Ld. Chief-Justice, anecdote of, by Lord Abinger, 15.

Torpedo, use of, in war, 93.

Trades' Unions, 215; fail to intervene for the moral welfare of the workmen, ib. Tramways, 227. See Carriages. Transubstantiation, consubstantiation, or impanation, 137.

Trastevere, excavations at, 37.

Turkish army, probable strength of the, 117, 124; plans of defence, 126. URGENDJ, fate of, 193.

VESTA, temple of, discovery of the basement, 28.

Volta discovers the means of producing a continuous current, 78.

WALKER, F. A., the Wages Question, 71; on co-operative association, ib.; the wage-fund theory, 73.

War in the East, the, 111; preparations of Russia, 112; and intrigues throughout the Turkish empire, ib.; difficulty of crossing the Danube, 113; pestilential marshes, ib.; want of water, 117; probable strength of the Russian army, ib.; of the Ottoman, ib., 124; the Balkan passes, 118; want of trustworthy information, 120; importance of Schumla and Varna, ib.; of Adrianople, 121: inactivity of the Turks, 121; Russian operations, ib.; lines of communication between Georgia and Turkish Asia Minor, 123; Russian plan of invasion, 124; movement of the Russian army, 125; Turkish plans of defence, 126. Wheatstone's, Sir C., calculations on the speed of electricity, 82.

Whitstable oyster-beds, 256. See Fisheries. Wood, C. F, Yachting Cruise in the South Seas,' 105.

Woodroofe described by Prideaux, 47.

THE subject of this Memoir was not preeminent in forensic or judicial eloquence. He was not a great lawyer, nor a great judge, nor (in the highest sense) a great advocate; but he was, by general admission, the most successful advocate, the greatest ' verdict-getter,' the greatest winner of causes, recorded in the annals of the English Bar. He was, moreover, a man of the strictest honour, and he never, like more than one distinguished contemporary that shall be nameless, condescended to trickery or to unworthy arts of any kind. It would be difficult to set before the rising members of the profession a more improving model or a more elevating example; and it is most fortunate, therefore, that he has clearly analysed, and fully described in his Autobiography what he conceived to be the essential causes of his success. Before coming to these, we will attempt a rapid summary of those passages of his early life which exercised the most influence on his career, or contributed most largely to his mental training and the formation of his character.

In a preliminary chapter, headed 'The Origin and Genealogy of the Scarletts,' the name is derived from Carlat or Escarlat (Aquitaine); and Bernard, Viscount of Carlat, A.D. 932, is mentioned as the first or founder of the family, who,' Mr. Scarlett adds, soon after the Conquest were undoubtedly large landowners in Kent, and

His

down to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries had landed estates in five other counties.' His father begins by saying that having at no time taken an interest in genealogy, he can give but little account of his paternal ancestors; that even how long they had been settled in Jamaica was entirely unknown to him. My grandfather, James Scarlett, married the daughter of a West Indian proprietor. I have heard my father say that she was related to the family of General Wolfe, who fell at Quebec.' mother was the daughter of Colonel Philip Anglin, a wealtby colonist. He was born in Jamaica on the 13th of December, 1769, and among his earliest recollections is that of reading the Psalter and Bible to his mother, who had a very happy art of teaching her children to read when they were too young to retain in their memory any traces of the process she adopted.' The result of her teaching was indelibly impressed :

lessons I received from her, inculcating a 'I acknowledge with gratitude the early high tone of moral and religious feeling, which has never ceased to influence my habits and my conduct.

'It is but justice to her to state, that though surrounded by slaves, I was brought up with an abhorrence of the slave trade, and the system of slavery which is the necessary conseBe it known, notwithstanding quence of it. the confident allegations of several journalists to the contrary, that I was never at any school.'

His education, as he grew up, was principally conducted by tutors, first a Scotchman, and then an Englishman,—' a man of great good-nature and some talent, but not so great a proficient in Greek as I wish he had been, though he professed to make it

Dean of St. Patrick.'

It was about this time that his father announced the intention of sending him to Oxford preparatory to a course of study for the Bar. He himself had a boyish predilection for the navy, which, he says, soon yielded to authority and the advantages of practising at the Bar of Jamaica, where the family influence was strong; for this was the highest object of ambition then placed before him. He set sail from his native isle on the 1st of June, 1785, and arrived in London on the 1st of August. Shortly after his arrival he was entered a student of the Inner Temple, under the auspices of a relation, who thought the proper consequence' of his manly appearance was to add one year to his age in the formal entry, and the same course was followed on his admission as a Fellow Commoner at Trinity College, Cambridge, a few weeks later; circumstances, which are not worth relating' (to adopt his own words) having induced him to abandon the arrangement made by his father for placing him at Oriel College, Oxford, under the special care of Dr. Everleigh, the President:

"In the month of November, 1785—in my sixteenth year-I commenced my residence at Trinity College. Here a new world was opened to me; a scene of life which no part of my past experience could have led me to anticipate.

'I was my own master, too: my own order upon my father's agent in London commanded money without any limit but my own discretion, and I was accountable to no one on this side of the Atlantic for my conduct, or for the use of the confidence reposed in me.'

It is difficult to conceive a more trying position for a youth brought up, as he had been, under circumstances so peculiarly calculated to inspire an undue sense of importance, and foster habits of indulgence, without any counteracting knowledge of the world beyond what a small society in a slave-holding colony could supply. The presumption, follies and extravagance of the wealthy West Indian of his time were pretty nearly on a par with what Macaulay has vividly described as characteristic of the

Under these circumstances of no little

peril I boldly placed myself under the direction of my own prudence, determined to make myself acquainted with the character of the society in which I was placed, and to take no step even in the way of education till I had gathered some information to govern of the scene, the variety of the characters, my judgment. In the meantime the novelty and the manner in which I was at once admitted amongst the gay and fashionable of the undergraduates of my own College, as well as of some others, made my time pass very agreeably with the cares or allurements of study.'

The allurements of study were not aided or enhanced by the professors or tutors; whose main object at both Universities in his day seems to have been to make College life as agrecable, and the pursuit of learning as little onerous, to both pupil and instructor as they well could. Lord Eldon, referring to the Bachelor degree which he took at Oxford in 1770, used to relate that he was examined in Hebrew and in History.

What is the Hebrew for the place of a skull ? ' I replied, Golgotha.' Who founded University College? I stated (though, by the way, the point is sometimes doubted) that King Alfred founded it. 'Very well, sir,' said the examiner, 'you are The first leccompetent for your degree.' ture which Scarlett attended was one on Classics by the head-tutor, and the fifth Satire of Juvenal was announced as the subject; but 'the worthy man consumed the whole of the allotted hour in vain endeavours to explain the rules of the College, and the hieroglyphics in which it was then the fashion to write the weekly butter bills.' The next day he attended a lecture on Euclid by the mathematical tutor, which gave him no inclination to try a second. A private tutor, whom he took on 'the recommendation of a friend, was found wanting in knowledge and industry, and motives of delicacy prevented him from engaging another. The consequence was that, his progress in the regular channels of classics and mathematics being checked, he

wasted his industry and energies on a vast amount of desultory reading, without plan or method.' But were they wasted? Was not the miscellaneous knowledge thus acquired eminently useful in the end?