ments, and also sent him much of his artificially produced hybrid material, particularly of Hieracium. The letters were written with great care, and as they report many hybrids that were not mentioned in MENDEL'S published works, they are an important addition to the literature of hybridization. CORRENS has carefully annotated the letters and added two appendices, in the first of which he discusses the bearing of parthenogenesis upon MENDEL's results in Hieracium, pointing out that these letters can leave not the slightest doubt that true hybrids were secured, but inferring from the constancy of the hybrid forms in successive generations that there is no reduction division, and that consequently, following STRASBURGER, we should speak of apogamy rather than parthenogenesis in Hieracium. In the second appendix CORRENS considers the question whether sexual characters are inherited according to MENDEL'S principles, such a possibility having been suggested in one of these letters. After examining the various possible assumptions as to dominance and the purity or the hybrid character of the gametes with respect to sex, he concludes that sex-determinants are fundamentally unlike the ordinary character-units and incapable of being satisfactorily explained by the laws of dominance and the segregation of parental gametes.-G. H. SHULL. LEWIS has investigated the development of Phytolacca decandra, his main purpose being to follow the origin and fate of the endosperm, with special reference to its behavior during germination. The development of the microsporangium follows the usual course, the tapetal cells perhaps deserving mention in that they sometimes contain six nuclei, the average number being four. In the megasporangium one and sometimes two archesporial cells appear, and a tapetal cell is cut off. The endosperm grows rapidly, "forming a sac with a great central vacuole." The nuclei lie free in the cytoplasm of the endosperm and always divide amitotically. The embryo sac finally becomes the extensive cavity characteristic of campylotropous ovules. Walls later begin to appear in the micropylar endosperm, the cells encroach on the central cavity, and finally the endosperm is completely cellular except for a mass of cytoplasm at the chalazal end of the sac. The embryo in its early stages consists of a well-developed suspensor and a many-celled, undifferentiated, spherical embryo. Starch is observed to accumulate in the perisperm, notably next to the concavity of the curved embryo, which disorganizes the endosperm almost completely. In germination the embryo elongates, and the radicle is pushed through the endosperm cap and the seed coat. The cotyledons continue to elongate until the stem tip is free, and the cells of the thick endosperm cap remain turgid, persisting "as a thick ring of tissue clasping the bases of the cotyledons and stopping the opening made in the seed coat at germination."-J. M. C.

9 LEWIS, I. F., Notes on the development of Phytolacca decandra L. Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ. No. 178. pp. 35-43. pls. 3. 1905.

NEWS.

J. FRANKLIN COLLINS has been appointed assistant professor of botany at Brown University.

DR. KARL FRITSCH has been appointed professor of systematic botany at the University of Graz.

DURING the last year 59,349 specimens were added to the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.

PROFESSOR ADOLF ENGLER will attend the meeting of the British Association in South Africa, whence he goes to East Africa for further study of the flora.

DR. RICHARD SADEBECK, professor of botany and director of botanical museums at Hamburg, and well known for his work on pteridophytes and plant diseases, died recently at the age of 64 years.

J. N. ROSE left Washington June 21 for the "cactus fields" of southern Mexico, expecting to be gone about four months. His purpose is to collect not only herbarium specimens, but also material preserved in formalin and living plants.

AT THE JUNE CONVOCATION, the University of Chicago conferred the degree of Ph.D. upon H. HASSELBRING, the title of the thesis being "Carbon assimilation;" and upon ETOILE B. SIMONS, the title of the thesis being "A morphological study of Sargassum filipendula."

THE BOTANICAL SUBJECTS for the two annual Walker prizes in 1906 are as follows: An experimental field study in ecology, A contribution to a knowledge of the nature of competition in plants, A physiological life history of a single species of plants, and Phylogeny of a group of fossil organisms.

P. PORSILD, the Danish botanist, has secured the establishment of a biological station on the island of Disco, western Greenland, latitude 70°. The necessary 35,000 kroner (about $9500) was given by Justitsraad HOLCK, of Copenhagen, and the Danish government has promised maintenance.

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