66 detail. He was very quick, warm-hearted and impulsive, while Addison had the advantage of a cold and phlegmatic constitution. Against the many eulogists of the younger man we may place Leigh Hunt's sentence: 'I prefer openhearted Steele with all his faults to Addison with all his essays.'”—Gosse: History of Eighteenth Century Literature (1889). See also Aitken's Life of Steele, II., 345 and else where. 185: 14. Provoked Addison. Landor's Imaginary Conversation between Steele and Addison” will be interesting reading in this connection. 186: 10. The real history. See Introduction, 12. 191: 23. By mere accident. As a matter of fact, critics are pretty well agreed that Steele led the way everywhere, though in certain respects Addison often outshone him. In the words of Mr. Aitken, Steele's biographer, "the world owes Addison to Steele." 192: 3. Half German jargon. Carlyle had for some years, like Coleridge before him, been acting as a medium between German philosophy and literature and English. Of course Macaulay is ridiculing Carlyle's uncouth style. Landor, another stickler for pure English, said upon the appearance of Carlyle's Frederick that he was convinced he (Landor) wrote two dead languages-Latin and English. 196: 18. Revenge wreaked. Who Bettesworth and De Pompignan were is not important. Can it be determined from the text who "wreaked revenge" upon them? 200: 1. White staff. Oficial badge of the Lord High Treasurer. 200: 15. We calmly review. Calmly, perhaps, but not impartially. Macaulay's Whig prejudices are very apparent. 201: 25. Lost his fortune. It is very probable, however, that Addison was still what might be called “independently rich." 207: 19. The following papers. Nos. 26, 329, 69, 317, 159, 343, 517. 208: 16. The stamp tax. A Tory measure of 1712 virtually aimed at the freedom of the press. 210: 4. Easy solution. Macaulay's essays are full of these easy solutions. They are usually mere guesses, but it must be admitted that they are usually sensible ones. . 211: 11. From the city. That is, from the mercantile portion of the city-the original city of London. 213: 30. The French model. This refers to dramas of the so-called Classical school, which adhered closely to certain conventional rules—the three “unities," for instance, of time, place and action. The Shaksperean drama is constructed with far greater freedom. 215: 1. But among. Why is this long paragraph allowed to stand as a unit, when it could easily be subdivided ? And why are some short paragraphs (the ninth preceding, for example) allowed to stand, when they could easily be combined with the others ? 215: 28. Malice. Toward whom ? 221: 27. The Swift of 1708. 1708 was the date of one of Swift's best poems, Baucis and Philemon, and of the attack upon astrology in the pamphlet against Partridge, the almanac-maker, which Macaulay has already mentioned. In 1738, the year of his last published writing (long after the death of Addison, be it noted), he was an old man on the verge of insanity. 222: 27. Iliad. VI., 226. Diomedes speaks to Glaucus: "So let us shun each other's spears, even among the throng; Trojans are there in multitudes and famous allies for me to slay, whoe'er it be that God vouchsafeth me, and my feet overtake; and for thee are there Achaians in multitude, to slay whome'er thou canst."--LEAF's translation. 232: 17. All stiletto and mask. For Macaulay's portrait of Pope, as of Steele, many allowances must be made. 233: 26. Cannot certainty. See Courthope's Addison, chapter vii. 234: 16. Energetic lines. The “Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot” (Prologue to the Satires), lines 193-214. 236: 22. Holland House. Macaulay has celebrated this mansion of social fame in one of his most ambitious periods – the concluding paragraph of the essay on Lord Holland, a strange compound of artificiality of form and undeniable sincerity of feeling. 237: 19. Consolatory verses. Not, of course, because he was to visit Ireland for the last time, but because he had to visit Ireland at all. _ 244: 11. Little Dicky was the nickname. In the article as originally printed in the Edinburgh Review this sentence stands: “Little Dicky was evidently the nickname of some comic actor who played the usurer Gomez,” etc. Macaulay, having discovered later that his guess was entirely right, inserted the name of the actor into the revised essay. But it may be noticed that, in the face of this positive information, his preceding argument and “confident affirmation,” which he allowed to remain as written, now fall a little flat. 247: 10. Shepherd, whose crook. It is a little hard to forgive Macaulay for yielding so often to the temptation to paraphrase the most beautiful and most exalted passages in literature. The echoes from Comus in his essay on Milton will be remembered. And in his essay on Boswell's Life of Johnson he has ventured thus to lay hands on one of the sublimest utterances in Dante-Cacciaguida's prophecy of Dante's banishment: “Thou shalt have proof how savoreth of salt To have such pure poetry as this, which remains poetry still in Longfellow's perfect translation, turned into mere rhetoric, into “that bread which is the bitterest of all food, those stairs which are the most toilsome of all paths," jars cruelly upon the sensibilities of all to whom the original has become familiar and sacred. 248: 24. We ought to add. Here the journalist and reviewer most inopportunely intrudes upon the eulogist. As to the eulogy itself, the catalogue of dignitaries in the preceding sentence has no such impressiveness for the democratic reader as it may have had for English readers of fifty years ago. In fact it is a little ridiculous, and throws a curious light either on Macaulay's estimate of his readers, or, what is equally probable, upon the limitations of his own nature. To see that nature at its best we must turn back to the revelation of a worthier feeling in the touching description of Addison's dedication of his works to his friend Craggs. GLOSSARY For the principle followed in compiling this Glossary, and on the use of reference books generally, see Preface. Act. At Oxford, the occasion of the Balisar'da. In Ariosto's Orlando conferring of degrees, at which Furioso, the enchanted sword of formerly miracle and mystery Orlando (cp. Arthur's Excalibur), plays were enacted. After 1669 which finally falls into the hands the Act was performed in the of Rogero. In Rogero's fight with Sheldonian Theater, and London Bradamante, it is exchanged for companies frequently went down another sword (xlv., 68). 125: to give performances. 213:15. 18. Act of Settlement. The agree- Bena'cus. The largest lake of ment by which the Hanoverians Northern Italy and noted for and not the Stuarts (whom Louis storms. It is now called Garda. XIV. favored) were to succeed Vergil (Georgics 2, 160) tells of Queen Anne. 165:6. “Benacus, swelling with billows Ag'barus or Ab'garus. Ruler of and boisterous turmoil, like a Edessa in Mesopotamia. Euse- sea." 154:30. bius supposed him to have been | Bentley, Richard. A noted English the author of a letter written to classical scholar. His “DissertaChrist, found in the church at tion on the Epistles of Phalaris" Edessa. The letter is believed by (1697, 1699), which Porson, another Gibbon and others to be spurious. noted scholar, called "the immor136:22. tal dissertation," was written to Am'adis of Gaul. The hero of a prove the spuriousness of those famous mediæval romance. Also epistles. 137:22. the name of the romance. 70:30. Biographia Britannica. Published Aminta. An Italian pastoral drama 1747-66. Long a standard work; by Tasso, 1573. 65:4. superseded of course now, espeAnath'ema Marana'tha. Com- cially by the Dictionary of National monly interpreted as an intense Biography. 129:7. form of anathema, i.e., a thing ac- Blenheim. In Bavaria. The scene cursed. See I. Cor., xvi., 22. 107:3. of the great defeat of the French Arima'nes (or Ahr'iman). See ORO- (1704) by the allies under MarlMASDES. 84:1. borough and Prince Eugene. 164: Artegal, Sir. The impersonation of 29. Justice in the fifth book of Spen- Book of Gold. The name given to ser's Fairy Queen. 113:19. the list of Genoese nobles and citiAthalie'. A tragedy by the French zens of property which was made dramatist Racine. 214:1. at the time Andrea Doria deliv. ered Genoa from French domina- Cock Lane Ghost. See Boswell's tion (1528). 154:22. Johnson, June 25, 1763. 136:18. Boyle, Charles. He attempted, Collier, Jeremy. An English clergy with the help of others, to defend man. He attacked the contemthe genuineness of the “ Epistles porary theater in his Immorality of Phalaris” against the famous and Profaneness of the English scholar Bentley. Swift's Battle Stage, 1698. 197:3. of the Books is founded on the Conduct of the Allies. A famous incident. See Macaulay's sketch of Tory pamphlet written by Swift, Atterbury in the Ency. Brit. 1711. 177:13. 137:5. Congreve, 126:29 ; Wycherley, Bradaman'te. In Ariosto's Orlando 197:5; Etherege, 197:4; Van Furioso, a woman of great prow- brugh, 197:15. For the Restoraess, finally overcome by Rogero, tion drama and dramatists, see whom she marries. 125:16. Macaulay's essay on Leigh Hunt's Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard. A civil edition of the dramatists; also engineer who in 1806 completed his History, Chapters II. and III. machinery for making ships' Corporation. In English politics, blocks. 140:26. a body of men governing a town Button's. A London coffee-house, and selecting its member of Par probably established by an old liament. 202:4. servant of Addison's. 128:15. Defensio Populi. Properly Pro Captain General. See MARLBOR- Populo Anglicano Defensio. Mil. OUGH. 175:21. ton's most famous Latin work, Catharine of Braganza. The In- 1651. See SALMASIUS. 48:7. tanta of Portugal. Married Charles demy', or demi. At Magdalen II. of England in 1662. 129:23. College, Oxford, a student upon Cat'inat, Nicholas. Commander of a scholarship, who will succeed to the French army in Northern the next vacant fellowship. 132:19. Italy in the War of the Spanish Dom'inic, Saint. The founder of the Succession. 159:30. Dominican order of monks. A Charter House (a corruption of religious zealot, and friend of De Chartreuse). Originally a Carthu- Montfort the elder in the crusade sian monastery in London; later against the Albigenses, 1208. an endowed hospital and school 114:5. for boys. Pictured by Thackeray, Don Ju'an. In the Spanish and in The Newcomes, under the name Italian plays on this theme, Don of Grey Friars. 130:20. Juan jeeringly invites the statue Child's. A coffee-house, frequented or the ghost of the man he had by churchmen. 204:17. killed to supper. It comes and Cinna. A tragedy by the French drags him to hell. 76:19. dramatist Corneille. 214:2. Duenna, The. One of Sheridan's Clarendon, Earl of (Edward Hyde). comedies. 244:5. The chief adviser of Charles I. dur- Dunstan, Saint. Archbishop of ing the Civil War. The great his- Canterbury in the tenth century. tory of the Rebellion which he left escribed as a mystic. One was not published till 1704. 85:11. legend relates that he once seized |