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paces, an' if you-all comes any closer to me I'se gwine bust down on you, suah!"

And the commanding officer was thus held, despite his threats and pleadings, until the commander of the guard came by on his round of inspection, half an hour later.

Anathema Johnson's peculiar vocation was not the only oddity to be brought out by the completion of the qualification cards. One darky gave his age as thirty-three years, and when asked why he had registered replied that he was not sure of his age, and could not think of the address of his sister, who knew, in time to write and verify the date. He was drawn in the first quota. Drill for men of the Negro division, as indeed for all men of the draft armies, began with the fundamentals, and built up from them only when the men had thoroughly mastered the basic principles of their work. The various facings-right-face, left-face, and about-face-all resulted in confusion. If the instructor, facing the men, would execute right-face properly, most of the men would face to the left, so as to reproduce the movement of the leader, while a few would recognize their right, and turn in that direction. But if the instructor turned the wrong way at his commands, to look in the direction the men were supposed to face, there were always a few who turned as he did, and faced the wrong front. The men were finally trained to recognize the facings instinctively by having two or more noncommissioned officers in front of them to execute movements properly, while the commanding officer stood to one side and went through none of the movements ordered.

All the instruction was founded on the natural imitative tendencies of the Negro. He learns from example quickly, and it was but a short time before the men had mastered the simpler movements of the manual of arms, and could go through them without a single pause. From the manual to evolutions on the drill field was but a step, each new formation being drilled into a picked squad first, and this squad used to lead the others until the entire company had picked up the movement.

The personnel of the instruction squad was changed frequently, and in this way each man received the benefit of some individual instruction, and the C. O. obtained data upon which to base his recommendations for non-commissioned officers' warrants, those in force at first being merely temporary, to afford a skeleton upon which to hang a company formation. The seriousness of drill and its need as a basis for successful and safe handling of the organization was continually kept before the men, and they were encouraged to bring their questions to the C. O. whenever he was at leisure.

On the evenings when Anathema was not holding forth or when no talk was scheduled by the lieutenant the men would gather in groups and practice the work they had been given during the day. If there were cases where the orders had been imperfectly understood, those men who had held the company back were given instruction by those who had solved the movement, and in this way the individuals of the organization kept pace together.

The semaphore system of signaling taught to troops in all branches of the service for communication over short distances— was difficult to master. The average Negro has no conception of angles, and since a variation of over twenty degrees in the position of one arm may make either a poor "1," or an equally incorrect "m," or a weak "r," or a slipshod "s," the first attempts at transmission were almost hopeless. If the sender stopped to look at the hand he was holding over his head, he invariably shifted the other arm to such an extent that when he was satisfied as to his upper arm the position of the lower had changed the letter to something entirely different. This was gradually overcome, as in the facing drill, by careful practice with men in front to set the proper example.

Reading messages given to the sender verbally was more a matter of mind-reading than of signaling. The Negro's spelling is usually phonetic with variations. The first time the lieutenant attempted to read what was being sent he failed so miserably that he spent two hours that night brushing up on his semaphore work, thinking that he must have grown rusty in reading the positions.

The next day showed no improvement, and it was not until the C. O. attempting to receive wrote down each letter as it was formed that he was able to decipher the message. Such

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spellings as "b-a-r-a-x," "M-i-s-u-r-i," and "F-e-n-i-x were noted in the morning's sending. Phonetically, each word approximates the one intended, but coming a letter at a time, with many shifts of the arm positions, it was easy to see why the men progressed comparatively rapidly as senders and so slowly as receivers.

During the time the men were being drilled they received their vaccinations and inoculations, and suffered the usual sore arms from the treatment, as a rule feeling the effect more severely than the average white man. But, taken as a whole, the company did not use the prophylaxis as an excuse for dodging drill, as did some others-primarily because the men feared the ridicule of their comrades once they again appeared in formation and were behind in drill progress. Some few were quarantined for measles or mumps, and a smaller number on account of spinal meningitis. These three diseases were widespread at camp, and every precaution was being taken against their spread.

Detention camps were instituted to hold the incoming men until their freedom from disease was established, but still the sickness spread. It was finally determined to test each officer to find whether or not each officer was a carrier of the meningitis germs, even if he showed no symptoms of the disease himself.

At the time the first group was tested a number of Negro orderlies and waiters were in the room, and with awestruck eyes saw the medical corps men take a wad of cotton, wind it deftly on a small wooden skewer, and then poke it clear back to the ultimate end of the officer's nostril, carefully wiping the cotton on a glass dish after completing the torture. The darkies watched in tongue-tied silence until one of the victims, sneezing violently from the effect of the test, passed near them. A waiter summoned up nerve enough to ask: "What's dey doin' you-all dat-a-way fo', cap'n?"

"Spinal meningitis," answered the captain, shortly.

And from that as a beginning word spread over the marvelously fast wireless information system common to the Negro that the doctors were inoculating the officers with "spiral McGinnis" (that being the camp corruption of the medical term). And from the camp sources it got into the papers, with the added thrill that the doctor caught doing the work had suffered capital punishment!

The first pay day, long and anxiously awaited, finally came, and the men were mustered and inspected before being marched to the paymaster. The quartermaster in charge, to facilitate quick payment, had arranged before him piles of bills in larger denominations and heaps of silver dollars six to eight inches high in the centers. Scarcely any of the men even so much as glanced at the bills, but the mountains of silver fascinated them. One man, after receiving a twenty-dollar and a ten-dollar bill as his pay, stood around, hat in hand, until the entire company had been paid off. He approached the pay desk timidly, one eye on the pile of silver and the other on the service automatic ostentatiously worn by the paymaster.

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Cap'n boss," began the darky, laying down his two bills, "cain't you-all gimme dis in money 'stead of paper?"

And when the paymaster explained that he had just dollars enough to make the proper change for each man, he asked: "Den could you stack me up what this comes to in dollars, so's I can see how much I'se got?"

How much he had didn't matter much, as by next morning a luckier or more skillful-member of another company had taken away the twenty, as well as considerable money from others of the organization. The lure of the "bones" with a month's pay in hand was too strong to be resisted; though there were many men who took most or all of their pay to the lieutenant, asking that he dole it out to them in little bits during the month.

Shortly after pay day an order was received transferring the lieutenant in charge to another camp. As soon as word of this was wirelessed through the company there were applications from several of the men for the position of orderly, the idea that officers were allowed personal servants in the new Army apparently carrying over from Civil War days.

Properly officered, trained slowly and thoroughly, the Negro division will be able to give a good report of itself when the test comes, and our Negro soldiers will be loyal to the death to those officers who have won their confidence.

WEEKLY OUTLINE
OUTLINE STUDY OF

CURRENT HISTORY

BY J. MADISON GATHANY, A.M.

HOPE STREET HIGH SCHOOL, PROVIDENCE, R. I.

Based on The Outlook of March 6, 1918

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Each week an Outline Study of Current History based on the preceding number of The Outlook will be printed for the benefit of current events classes, debating clubs, teachers of history and of English, and the like, and for use in the home and by such individual readers as may desire suggestions in the serious study of current history.-THE EDITORS.

[Those who are using the weekly outline should not attempt to cover the whole of an outline in any one lesson or study. Assign for one lesson selected questions, one or two propositions for discussion, and only such words as are found in the material assigned. Or distribute selected questions among different members of the class or group and have them report their findings to all when assembled. Then have all discuss the questions together.]

I-INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Topic: Germany's Advance on Russia;
What Has Become of Russia?
Reference: Pages 353-355; editorial, page
358.

Questions:

1. What has The Outlook said in describing "Germany's Advance on Russia"? 2. What does this advance mean for Russia? For Germany? 3. Do you think Germany's willingness to talk about "no annexations and no indemnities" was from the first intended to deceive the Bolsheviki? 4. Have you come to the conclusion that Germany is a land of official liars? Your reasons. 5. State and discuss your opinion of those who still hold that the Allies should try to secure a political victory over Germany and not a complete military defeat of her. 6. How has The Outlook answered its own question, "What has become of Russia ?" 7. It is quite evident that a government can be destroyed. But is the Russian nation destroyed? 8. What are the three things The Outlook says Americans will do well to bear in mind in forming a reasonable estimate of the Russian collapse? Discuss each carefully. 9. Trace the steps by which Russia got into her present plight. Where do you place responsibility? 10. How many lessons in this topic do you see for any nation? 11. Read for this topic "Germany vs. Civilization," by W. R. Thayer (Houghton Mifflin); "In the Claws of the German Eagle," by A. R. Williams (Dutton); and "Potential Russia," by R. W. Child (Dutton).

B. Topic: The New Garden Cities of England; Justice to War Workers. Reference: Pages 364-366; editorial, pages 359,360.

Questions:

66

Mr. Childs's article and this editorial. 8. You
ought to read "Socialized Germany," by
F. C. Howe (Scribners), and "The New
Democracy," by W. E. Weyl (Macmillan).

II-NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Topic: Some Washington Impressions;
Interpreting the People to the Presi-
dent; What Criticism Accomplishes.
Reference: Pages 362, 363; 368, 372,
373; editorial, pages 358, 359.
Questions:

1. Professor Davenport speaks of the
"muddle," "the narrowness of view," and
the "incompetence of democracy." How
rid American democracy of such things?
Would the study and teaching of politics
(public affairs) effect this desired result?
Discuss carefully. 2. How prove or dis-
prove Professor Davenport's statement:

66

Up to date this has been rather too much of a war of the Democratic party, fought by the Democratic party, for the Democratic party"? 3. State definitely what you think Professor Davenport's opinion of President Wilson is. Prove your answer by using statements made by Professor Davenport. 4. Explain what is meant by

66

a genuine and complete moral victory
over Germany. How can such a victory be
won? 5. Dr. Odell has quoted many para-
graphs from President Wilson's speeches.
What statements or points in these express
"the beliefs of the American people"?
Make a list of them. Do they express your
beliefs? Tell why. 6. What reasons does
Dr. Odell give why the American people
were and are not thoroughly satisfied with
the President's addresses of January 8 and
February 11? Do you agree with him?
7. What is the purpose for which "Ameri-
cans will give their sons by millions and
their dollars by billions"? 9. The Outlook
believes that public officials "need the tonic
of criticism." Why? Can you add other
reasons? 10. What are the conditions of
progress in a democratic government? 11.
Own and read and re-read these thought-
provoking, inexpensive books: "America
in the Making," by Lyman Abbott; "The
Hindrances to Good Citizenship," by James
Bryce; "Four Aspects of Civic Duty," by
W. H. Taft; "Freedom and Responsi-
bility," by A. T. Hadley; "Conditions of
Progress in Democratic Government," by
C. E. Hughes-all published by the Yale
University Press.

III-PROPOSITIONS FOR DISCUSSION
(These propositions are suggested directly or indi-
rectly by the subject-matter of The Outlook, but
not discussed in it.)

1. Politics should be taught in all public
schools. 2. Americans do not want a nego-
tiated peace.

1. Explain England's method of building new garden cities" for munition workers. 2. What are the characteristics of the houses and villages described by Mr. Childs. 3. What contrasts does Mr. Childs point out between America's method and England's method of providing homes for munition workers? Why does not America follow the English method? 4. What advice does Mr. Childs offer to the United States? Do you think our country should accept it? If it did, what results would follow now and after the war? 5. What do you know about "socialized Germany"? Should America be similarly socialized? Discuss at length. Put extra-serious thought into this question. 6. What is the condition described by The Outlook (page 359)? If this condition was foreseen, as The Outlook says, why did not our Government head it off? Discuss. 7. State and discuss several propositions suggested by A booklet suggesting methods of using the Weekly Outline of Current History will be sent on application

IV-VOCABULARY BUILDING
(All of the following words and expressions are
found in The Outlook for March 6, 1918. Both
before and after looking them up in the dictionary or
elsewhere, give their meaning in your own words.
The figures in parentheses refer to pages on which
the words may be found.)

Social revolution (353), arbitration, rap-
prochement (354), bogie (358), National
fabric, disports, posit (363), arrogate, qui-
escence, manikin (368), monstrosity (373).

Barrett

becification

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Copyrighted, International Film Service Corp.

A Severe Test-A tile-surfaced Barrett Specification

Hundreds of marching feet-a regiment in action with a roof for its drill-ground-that's what you see above.

You couldn't use a roof much more severely than this.

And that's what happened almost daily for months on top of the big Altman Department Store in New York City, where several hundred members of the Home Defense League have learned to do their "bit."

Barrett Specification Roofs contain a larger amount of waterproofing and protective materials than any other roof-covering.

That is why they give such wonderful service.

And not only do they give longer service than any other type, but they cost less per year of service. If you want this kind of a roof on your building, the way to make

.

Roof being used as a Drill-Ground

sure of getting it is to insert in your building plans the following:

"The roof shall be laid according to The
Barrett Specification dated May 1, 1916,
and the roofing contractor shall secure
for me (or us) the 20-Year Guaranty
Bond therein mentioned."

Only competent roofers can obtain the Bond, and the roof is constructed under the supervision of a Barrett inspector, who sees that the Specification is strictly followed.

20-Year Surety Bond We now offer a 20-Year Surety Bond Guaranty on all Barrett Specification Roofs of fifty squares and over in all towns of 25,000 and over, and in smaller towns where our Inspection Service is available.

Our only requirements are that The Barrett Specification of May 1, 1916, shall be strictly followed, and that the roofing contractor shall be approved by us.

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THE NATION'S
INDUSTRIAL
PROGRESS

Believing that the advance of business is a subject of vital interest and importance, The Outlook will present under the above heading frequent discussions of subjects of industrial and commercial interest. This will include paragraphs of timely interest and articles of educational value dealing with the industrial upbuilding of the Nation. Comment and suggestions are invited.

MEETING THE HOUSING PROBLEM FOR WAR WORKERS

One of the most serious problems to be met in connection with the enormous expansion of plants which are manufacturing war materials is the adequate housing of the vast armies of employees. It is announced that plans are now being drawn for a large working-community hotel in Buffalo, to be located close to the plants of the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Corporation and the Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company. This hotel will provide accommodations with room and bath for the workmen employed at these two plants.

ONE DELIVERY A DAY There has been much discussion on cutting down the delivery service of retail stores in order thus to reduce selling costs and to release men for war work. Å long step forward has been taken by the leading retail establishments of Indianapolis, and is described in the "Dry Goods Economist:"

Thirty-five retail concerns in Indianapolis have adopted the one delivery per day plan. The decision to take this action was reached at a meeting held a few days ago in the rooms of the Indianapolis Merchants' Association. It was further agreed that deliveries be made on the day following the purchase.

Details of the plan were worked out by a committee appointed for the purpose.

Light on the subject of the one delivery a day was obtained from Dayton, Ohio, where the plan has been a success with some of the stores for some time, and has been adopted by the other concerns in Dayton since January 1.

The Dayton merchants are reported as saying that the one delivery a day method has caused a great increase in the number of packages carried home by customers.

It is further stated that in Dayton fifty per cent of the men employed in the delivery departments of the retail stores have been released for other service.

In Indianapolis, under the new arrangement, the store wagons will start out between eight and nine each morning, delivering the purchases of the day before. It is expected that all deliveries will be made before 2 P.M. This will be made possible by the assembling of packages throughout the day and the giving of more time than heretofore to the routing.

In addition to reducing deliveries to one per day, the Indianapolis merchants will make a charge for special deliveries, and these, as well as C. O. D.'s, will be discouraged as much as possible.

RECORD IN RAPID BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

From Construction”

In these strenuous days we have become accustomed to hearing of rapid work in

building construction, the demands of the Federal Government calling for expedition in this respect to a degree unthought of in normal times.

Noteworthy in regard to time element among the numerous structures erected for war purposes during recent months is a Government ordnance building completed at Washington, D. C., on November 20 last.

The structure in question is of hollow-tile construction, the material for which was supplied and the work of erection conducted entirely by the National Fire Proofing Company. Starting on the 3d of November, the work was completed just seventeen days later. The building as it stands is fire-proof, weather-proof, and durable."

CENTURY-OLD SLATE ROOFS

In planning different types of buildings, the durability of the roofing material and its ability to withstand all conditions of weather must receive careful consideration. Slate is claimed to be among the most durable of roofing materials. The Vermont Slate Manufacturers' Association describes some old buildings which testify to the wearing qualities of slate:

The Saxon Chapel, Bradford-on-Avon, England, was built in the eighth century, and has constantly been repaired-all portions except the roof.

The Whitehazelpool Parish of St. Mary, by Whirlpool of Tyoilio's Cave, Wales, has been remodeled twice, and is in an excellent state of preservation. The gravestones are of gray, green, and brown slate rock hundreds of years old. These two ancient and honorable properties are highly respected and are maintained by the townspeople. The interesting feature of both of these antiquated chapels is that the roofs have never been disturbed. It emphasizes the great importance that thinking propertyowners are giving to the value of watertight as well as fire-proof roofs. The failure or success of the roof depends upon the ability to keep water and moisture from roof boards. The slate on these old dignified properties will average about 3-16 inches thick in the rick, and were laid with the regular standard three-inch lap. Native stone were used in each instance for main body of buildings. In 1915 the door-plate on the above-mentioned chapel was still attached; the plate is made of slate rock and the engraving done in "Old English."

The oldest slate roof in America now in use, as nearly as we can ascertain, is the one upon the Hotel Rhinebeck, Rhinebeck, New York. This roof was slated with Welsh slate from Wales, in 1700, The main structure is built of brick, and the roof has not been disturbed.

There were quite a few of the old colonial homes built from 1776 to 1800 in the seacoast towns in Massachusetts that were slated with English slate," the same strata of rock as the American-Vermont sea-green slate.

WOMEN HELP BUILD MOTOR

TRUCKS

One of the large automobile concerns of Indianapolis, which has a $10,000,000 Government order for motor-trucks, is planning to employ several hundred women in its plant in addition to its men employees. The women will be specially trained and will then operate in the inspection and machine tool departments.

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BY HELEN R. MARTIN Is it Christian to provide proper housing and working conditions for factory employees and their families or is it mere fanaticism? That is the question answered by the children and widow of a Pennsylvania Dutch capitalist-a family of contrasting types. The children, modern and college-bred; their mother stolid, plain and common. A story of deep interest, sprinkled with the delicious localisms of speech. Net. $1.40

"FIGHTING STARVATION

IN BELGIUM"

BY VERNON KELLOGG Of the Commission for Relief in Belgium The man picked because he was a born organizer and spoke German like a Berliner and French like a Parisian, who was with Hoover from May, 1915, until we entered the War-that man tells how mills are managed, an army of bakers employed, millions fed, and supplies delivered, all in spite of German interference and opposition. Many illustrations from photographs. Net, $1.25

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BY STEWART EDWARD WHITE With half a dozen armed men, young Trelawney, fresh from England, tramped off into savage Africa to lay British law and order over millions of blacks. But with him was Kingozi, the ivory-hunter, seeped in the lure and lore of the country-silent, inscrutable, omniscient-so what had Trelawney to fear? Rare adventure awaits you. Net, $1.40

"THE ENLISTING WIFE"

BY GRACE S. RICHMOND Now Mrs. Richmond does for war-wives what she did for war-mothers in "The Whistling Mother." Net. 50 cents

AT YOUR BOOKSELLER'S DOUBLEDAY, DP GARDEN CITY, PAGE & Co. &C NEW YORK

Special Publishers' Numbers

April 3-May 1-October 2 November 6-December 4 Each of these issues of The Outlook will contain, in addition to the usual number of book reviews, a special article of timely inter est on the general subject of books.

Special reprints of the publishers' announce ments, the book reviews, and the article appearing in each of these publishers' numbers, will be sent, coincident with their dates of publication, to a list of approximately nine hundred of the leading book dealers of the country, who in turn will be advised that additional reprints, bearing their own imprint. can be secured from The Outlook at cost price.

Copy for each of these special publishers numbers should be in hand not later than two weeks prior to date of publication.

THE SECRET

BY PAULINE FRANCES CAMP

Who's that by the garden rim,

Head a-bobbin'?

Scarlet vest and jacket trim; Mr. Robin!

Now he whistles, loud and clear,

Eyes a-glisten;

Runs a bit, then stops to peer,
Look, and listen.

Crocus lifts her waxen cup,
Brimming measure ;

Jonquil's golden lamp lights up

For his pleasure.

There's a secret glad and gay

In his keeping;

Can he keep it for a day
Without peeping?

Nay he's whispered it about!

Heads are noddin';

Spring is here! your secret's out, Mr. Robin!

TWO CHEERING WAR
INCIDENTS

We find in the Washington "Star" the following paragraph by one of its special correspondents in France, Mr. Junius B. Wood:

Sitting in a dugout in the trenches the other night I heard a major give an inspiring talk to the battalion officers. Half a dozen knots glowed in a crude fireplace. There were two candles at one end of the table, the other end being in darkness. Boards nailed to the side walls of untrimmed logs supported other candles, the feeble light and the grotesque shadows suggesting cave life. Every man in the room stiffened as the result of that talk.

"We have reached the top in training," he said. "and every man in the company should realize it. If you need anything, come and tell me, and I will get it for you if I can. If I do not get it, I do not want to hear about it again, for it means that I cannot get it.

"We will have three meals a day if we can get them. If we have to miss one meal, we will not be badly off, and if we miss two or three it will not be much worse. We are expected to work from midnight of one day to midnight of the next day. If there is any chance to sleep between, all right; it will also be all right if there is no chance. Let everybody pitch in. While mud and water must be fought, it may be much worse. The hopes of the Nation are fixed on each man."

The other incident comes from a very well known Northern citizen who is spending the winter in the South. In a personal letter he writes us as follows:

I can tell you a beautiful story for The Outlook. The policy of giving Negro regiments Negro officers has caused great controversy North and South. I have myself noticed in moving among the soldiers of our own army a very marked unwillingness in many quarters of white officers to salute the superior black officers. There have been several unpleasant incidents in consequence. In the South, naturally, this blameworthy attitude is more in evidence. Here in South Carolina prejudice against the black man is, I think, more marked than in any other State of the Union.

A Negro major in this State found himself in a room with several junior white officers (all, of course, in uniform). The white officers avoided giving the salute. The black man, looking at them steadily, quickly took off his coat, hung it on a chair, and said, "Salute that, gentlemen, and I am satisfied." The salute was immediately given. A big man, a brave and a witty, that Negro major.

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So eggs--for the same food units-cost nearly ten times what Quaker Oats costs. Meats, on the average, cost eight times as much. The average mixed diet costs four times as much.

You can serve seven breakfasts of Quaker Oats for the cost of one bacon-and-egg breakfast.

Then in Quaker Oats you serve complete nutrition. Every needed element is there. You serve the greatest of the grain foods, measured by every standard.

You serve the most flavory, most delightful cereal which Nature has created.

Serve in big dishes. Make it the entire breakfast. A multiplied cost can buy nothing comparable.

Then see what flavor it adds to your flour foods. Every pound thus used saves a pound of wheat, and it makes the foods more inviting. See the recipes in each package.

Quaker Oats

The Extra-Flavory Flakes

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