"I think every one, according to the way Providence has placed him
in, is bound to labor for the public good as far as he is able"

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1879, by

HARPER & BROTHERS,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER

I. Introductory.

II. The Feudal Spoils System...

III. Influence of Despotism on Administration..

IV. Administration under the Tudors and until Cromwell..

V. Cromwell's Administrative System......

VI. Public Service under Charles II. and James II..

VII. The New System of Administration under William III.

VIII. Party Government from Anne to George III...

IX. Administration under George III.....

X. The Reform Period after the Fall of Lord Bute..

XI. The Improved Condition after the Fall of Lord North..

XII. Administration under George IV......

PAGE

1

12

39

44

53

60

69

82

102

120

128

XIII. Partisan System waning and Examinations introduced..

XIV. Final Contest between Patronage and Open Competition..

XV. Open Competition introduced into British India... ..

XVI. Government Inquiry and Report leading to the Introduction of the

New System in 1853....

XVII. How the New System was received..

XVIII. The First Order for a Civil Service Commission and Competitive

Examinations - May, 1855...

XIX. The first Five Years under the New System...

XX. Parliamentary Investigation of the New System in 1860.

144

155

169

177

181

. 195

203

208

216

XXI. Development of the New System from 1860 to 1870..

223

XXII. The Order for Open Competition in 1870...

228,

XXIII. First Experience of Open Competition....

234

XXIV. Parliamentary Inquiry into the Civil Service in 1873..

238

XXV. The Executive Investigation of 1874....

244

XXVI. The Results of the Merit System based on Open Competition in

British India.

248

XXVII. The Practical Operation of the Merit System since 1875....

XXVIII. Concerning Parts of the old Spoils System excluded by the Constitu-

259

tion of the United States. ...

266

XXIX. Some Practical Tendencies and Relations of the Reformed Method.. 288

XXX. The Merit System in the Great Departments..

297

XXXI. Social, Moral, and International Bearings of the New System.

XXXII. A Summary, and the Significance of the Reform Movement..

317

342

XXXIII. The Bearing of British Experience upon Civil Service Reform in the

United States......