Mutual Aid a Factor of EvolutionHeinemann, 1910 - 348 páginas |
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Términos y frases comunes
aid and support Aleoute Animal Intelligence animal world ants artels associations bands barbarians belonging birds birds of prey Brehm Buryates Bushmen cattle century civilization clan communal lands competition comrades continually craft customs Dargun Darwin Dayaks djemmâa enemies Europe European evidently evolution existence extermination fact fallow deer favour feelings fight folkmote forests France Germany Geschichte guilds habits horses human hundred hunting idea illustrations immense individual inhabitants institutions intelligence Kabyles Kovalevsky labour larvæ live London lord Lubbock maintained mankind medieval medieval city merchants migrations modern mutual aid mutual support natural neighbours nests never numberless organization origin Paris peasants period possession prey primitive principle protection Pskov quarrel remarks rodents Roman rule Russian savage separate Siberia social societies species struggle taken territory tion took towns trade tribal tribe union village community W. H. Hudson whole workers
Pasajes populares
Página 62 - We can dimly see why the competition should be most severe between allied forms, which fill nearly the same place in the economy of nature ; but probably in no one case could we precisely say why one species has been victorious over another in the great battle of life.
Página 75 - Don't compete ! — competition is always injurious to the species, and you have plenty of resources to avoid it ! " That is the tendency of nature, not always realized in full, but always present. That is the watchword which comes to us from the bush, the forest, the river, the ocean. " Therefore combine — practise mutual aid ! That is the surest means for giving to each and to all the greatest safety, the best guarantee of existence and progress, bodily, intellectual, and moral.
Página 16 - ... the wonderfully diversified instincts, mental powers, and affections of ants are notorious, yet their cerebral ganglia are not so large as the quarter of a small pin's head. Under this point of view, the brain of an ant is one of the most marvellous atoms of matter in the world, perhaps more so than the brain of a man.
Página 2 - I should premise that I use the term Struggle for Existence in a large and metaphorical sense, including dependence of one being on another, and including (which is more important) not only the life of the individual, but success in leaving progeny.
Página vii - Two aspects of animal life impressed me most during the journeys which I made in my youth in Eastern Siberia and Northern Manchuria. One of them was the extreme severity of the struggle for existence which most species of animals have to carry on against an inclement Nature...
Página 8 - All organic beings have two essential needs: that of nutrition, and that of propagating the species. The former brings them to a struggle and to mutual extermination, while the needs of maintaining the species bring them to approach one another and to support one another. But I am inclined to think that in the evolution of the organic world — in the progressive modification of organic beings — mutual support among individuals plays a much more important part than their mutual struggle."4 The...
Página 237 - Bonn, his statements declare that in his time, only some eighty years back, " in almost all parts of the country, in the Midland and Eastern Counties particularly, but also in the West— -in Wiltshire for example — in the South, as in Surrey, in the North, as in Yorkshire, there are extensive open and common fields.
Página 39 - How trifling, in comparison with them, are the numbers of the carnivores ! And how false, therefore, is the view of those who speak of the animal world as if nothing were to be seen in it but lions and hyenas, plunging their bleeding teeth into the flesh of their victims ! One might as well imagine that the whole of human life is nothing but a succession of war massacres.
Página 5 - ... and the mountains —we at once perceive that though there is an immense amount of warfare and extermination going on amidst various species, and especially amidst various classes of animals, there is, at the same time, as much, or perhaps...
Página 4 - From the point of view of the moralist the animal world is on about the same level as a gladiator's show. The creatures are fairly well treated, and set to fight — whereby the strongest, the swiftest and the cunningest live to fight another day. The spectator has no need to turn his thumbs down, as no quarter is given.