A SUBMARINE AUTO-MOTOR CAR. McClure's contains a very interesting account of the submarine boat "Argonaut " and her achievements. Mr. Simon Lake, inventor and builder, and R. S. Baker describe this strange piece of naval mechanism. When the maker was ten years old, he read Jules Verne's “Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea," and he has been working at submarine boats ever since. The "Argonaut " is "cylindrical or cigar-shaped, with a very bluff bow and a pointed stern, and is 36 feet long." She is made of the same steel used in the naval cruiser. She is propelled by a gasoline engine, and is provided with compressed air for the diver's room, electric light, telephone, searchlight, etc. She can sink 100 feet, but so far has not gone beyond 50 feet. The inventor says:

We have been cruising on the bottom in rivers, in Chesapeake Bay, and beneath the broad Atlantic. In the rivers we invariably found a muddy bed; in the bay we found bottoms of various kinds-in some places so soft that our divers would sink up to their knees, while in other places the ground would be hard, and at one place we ran across a bottom which was composed of a loose gravel resembling shelled corn. Out in the ocean, however, was found the ideal submarine course, consisting of fine grey sand, almost as hard as a macadamised road, and very level and uniform.

The uses of his invention in naval war are so terrible as to lead Mr. Lake to consider it an important step towards universal peace. There is nothing to stop the destruction of any squadron afloat by submarine torpedo boats. They could crawl along cutting all cables and minewires and render all other submarine defences harmless. THE TREASURES SUNK IN THE SEA.

The chief value will be in raising treasures sunk in wrecks :

She not only swims either on the surface or beneath it, but she adds to this accomplishment the extraordinary power of diving deep and rolling along the bottom of the sea on wheels. No machine ever before did that. Indeed, the "Argonaut is more properly a "sea motocycle" than a "boat.”

Air is supplied at a moderate depth through the tall steeltube mast, but is stored for greater depths compressed in steel cylinders. The compass guides as effectually below the surface as above. It is possible to remain days and even weeks below. With a crew of five men on board, the vessel has done one thousand miles above and below. WHAT THE SEA-BOTTOM IS LIKE.

The idea of the thing wheeling over the sea-bottom suggests much discovery :

The submarine wrecking boat will undoubtedly recover from the bottom of the sea many times the value of the vessels lost in

war.

Of the cargoes, treasures, and vessels lost in the merchant service, the aggregate amounts to over one hundred millions of dollars per year, according to the official report of LieutenantCommander Richardson Clover, Chief Hydrographer of the United States Navy; and as the loss has been going on for many years, the wealth lying at the bottom of the ocean transcends the fabulous riches of the Klondike. One authority said "There is every reason to believe that the many years ago : sea is even richer than the earth, owing to the millions of shipwrecks which have swallowed up so many a royal fortune." Fortunately the majority of these great losses occur in waters in which it will be practical to operate with submarine boats.

The colliers sunk in Chesapeake Bay would alone form quite a valuable coal mine. These submarine vessels would also be of great service in coral, sponge, and pearl fisheries. The diver simply steps out of his room filled with compressed air, and saves the weary descent and ascent. Mr. Baker gives a very lively narrative of his trip below. It seems to have been a remarkably safe and comfortable voyage.

"WILD TRAITS IN TAME ANIMALS." THIS is the title of a piece of ingenious speculation which Dr. Louis Robinson contributes to the January Pearson's. He seeks to explain from their prehistoric wild life certain peculiarities of tame animals. The docility of the horse he traces to the custom of wild horses going together in herds, which involved a certain amount of discipline. The speed and endurance of the horse were developed in escaping from his chief enemy the wolf. Shying" meant once a way of evading a beast of prey lying in wait for the horse, and buck-jumping was an excellent device for shaking off a panther.

66

Tail-wagging as a sign of pleasure in dogs is declared to be originally a species of signalling among hounds hunting in deep grass to let their comrades know they had discovered game. "Another sign that the dog's wild forefathers spent much of their time among long grass is the habit which still remains of turning round several times before lying down. The strong neck of the bull was evolved in the butting which decided the mastership of the herd. But why does a red rag so excite a bull? The smell of blood causes a similar excitement. Dr. Robinson puts these two facts together, and argues: "It is easy to see that a herd whose defenders readily became excited and pugnacious at the sight or smell of blood would be better defended from the attacks of enemies than another herd whose leaders were sluggish or timid.”

Sheep pursued by a dog "invariably run uphill," grow wool all the year round, and not in winter only, follow their leader, because their original habitat was among the mountains, where it was cold all the year round, and because they were gregarious, and could only keep together by following one another. Pigs grunt, because in making their way through the jungle they needed to know where the rest of the herd was. They fatten easily, because in autumn, when acorns and other nuts were plentiful, they had to gorge to live through winter.

A Man's Time Bill.

ATTEMPTS to represent in graphic form the way we spend our time supply two curious articles to the January magazines. Mr. Alfred Arkas in Harmsworth's estimates

your everyday life for the last twelve months,” and reckons that a man speaks 11,800,000 words and gives 1,200 handshakes representing force enough to lift an eighty-ton locomotive. He lifts his eyelids 94,600,000 times at a cost of energy equal to lifting a fifty-pound weight. Every week he goes up enough steps to reach to the top of St. Paul's. If he is a hard smoker, he strikes 70,000 matches in the course of the year. He walks in the year as far as from London to Constantinople. In Pearson's Mr. P. W. Everett computes "how a man spends his time "-his lifetime of seventy years. total pictorially represented are:

Sleep Work

Play

The

Eating and drinking. Locomotion

55

THE principal paper in the New Century Review is one by Mr. T. H. S. Escott, who finds the soreness of the French to lie, not in Fashoda incidents or thwarted colonial ambition, but in the fact that London, not Paris, has become the pleasure-resort of the world--and especially of the American world.

THE CONTEMPORARY REVIEW.

THE Contemporary begins the New Year with an excellent array of interesting articles, many of which have claimed special notice on previous pages.

THE ONE REMEDY FOR AGRICULTURE.

Sir Edmund Verney declares that "until agriculture is regarded as a scientific profession, agricultural depression will always be with us." His contribution is all but entirely made up of a letter from a former farmer who tells how he made his farm to pay by brains, resolution, discipline, quickness, and science. This correspondent's suggestion is :

Every county where agriculture predominates ought to have one mixed farm set apart as a training-farm for young fellows about to embark their cash in farming; let the staff for teaching be, say roughly, a general manager and secretary combined, a farm bailiff, and a scientist, these men to be the smartest and most efficient obtainable, and the junior staff the same. Why, with a big old-fashioned farm-house and buildings, the whole thing could be rigged up and started at very moderate cost. Here the pupil would have ocular demonstration of smart and record work, and such a drilling as he would never forget. In every branch he would be prepared to meet the rapid and rushing competition of the age. There would be the library fully stocked and kept replete with all agricultural literature up to date. . . Such an institution, in my mind, ought to be a beacon-light, a "rallying-point" for the agriculturists of the county.

THE SCIENCE OF DOLLS.

Dollatry" is the title of a study by Professor James Sully concerning the true inwardness of dolls. He finds, in all the vast range of dolldom, a tendency of the child to select what is rudely suggestive of the human form. "Children when in the serious mood of doll-play, appear to regard their dolls as beings like themselves. They are treated as if they were alive," as having senses, understanding, affections, and even a rudimentary conscience. This, the professor declares, "seems, so far as we can guess, to be the doll-idea, the indwelling preconception which colours the child's perceptions and directs her actions." Here is a mystery. "We have here to do with what is technically called an illusion of sense.... Our so-called art-illusions, even that of the theatre, are probably cold cynical disillusions by the side of the child's true doll-illusion." That the doll is chiefly a girl's plaything suggests the presence of the maternal instinct; and "the decline of the doll-passion" may be largely due to "the development of a new feeling of maidenly modesty."

DR. HORTON ON DR. DALE.

Dr. Dale's life is reviewed by Dr. Horton in a continuous culogy. He pronounces Dale's "the most Catholic mind in the English theology of this last half of the century": Catholic because Congregational. The first note of his life and character was an ardour for the salvation of souls. "His one thought in entering on the work at Carr's Lane, Birmingham, in 1855, was to reach the masses of the

people who were outside the Churches." The second note was "the immense intellectual energy which he brought to bear in thinking out and in expounding Christian truth." The third note was "a mystic elemen which pervaded all he did and said." **The chic characteristic of his life was the way in which he co blend the practical with the speculative, the political wil the religious enthusiasm." "No writer of our time has had a stronger individuality." The body of his theology will be remembered in the next century as Berkeley! Butler, and Law are remembered in this.

AN ANTI-RITUALIST PROGRAMME.

Francis Peek, distracted by the spread of "the Sacer i dotal heresy" in the Church of England, and despairin of any help from the bishops, calls on the laymen to tak the matter into their own hands, and first to repeal the power given to the bishops by the Act of 1874 to res any action by the laity against a law-breaking priest. The Bishop of London," he says, "is perhaps the mos dangerous enemy of the Reformed Church" :

The Protestant spirit of England, however, is too strong be denied, and if the present Government do not act, they w give an opportunity to the Opposition which will probably cam them into power. No better cry could possibly be used a L re-unite the Liberal and the Liberal Unionist parties than: restore to the laity their proper share of power in the Chart.. and if to this were added one man one vote, one vote one va'at success would surely attend them. This would not only confirm the Reformation, but get rid of that abominable over-represent:tion of the Irish Roman Catholics. . . . A centre should be formed in every parish for consolidating the efforts of those wh place the maintenance of the Reformed faith above all politic questions.

THE RESURRECTION IN THE LIGHT OF EVOLUTION,

Starting with Mr. Herbert Spencer's dictum that the religious faculty "is as normal as any other faculty, Rev. W. W. Peyton inquires after its correspondent environment. He finds that "The reasoning faculty translates the world of sense to us; the ethical faculty communicates with human society; the religious faculty communicates with supernatural society." His argument may be inferred from these paragraphs :

In the language of science, worship is the intercourse of the religious faculty with its environment. In the last evolution of religion, in the Christian era, the worship of Christ is the distinctive transaction with supernatural society. The response of the religious faculty to the impact of Christ has given the impulse and impress which have pushed the promising nations into the highest civilisation, stamped an ideal of character, and shaped the Western races into typ s. The Resurrection is the event which introduces Christ into the Unseen, to be henceforward the correspondent of the religious faculty, and when this intercourse is established the faculty pass.s into the now type we call Christian.

Death pass's us into a body of supers.nsible elements by which the sensible world is undergirded. The break-up is an illusion; assisted by the Resurrection we see a transfusion of persistent forces into a new form. There is a silent side to the body as to thought; it has a double, and just now the double is in its infancy. In death, consciousness slides into a body of silence and invisibility, composed of the invisibles of life, matter, and motion. The future body has definable antecedents in the present body. The chamber of death is a rebing-room; the Ascension robe is already ordered.

Mr. John George Leigh, writing on the Powers and Samoa, supplies a lengthy survey of the islands and their recent history. He claims that Samoa may be regarded as the germ of the American Empire beyond the Seas, for, on the initiative of Mr. Steinberger, sent by President Grant in 1873, the Samoans petitioned for admission into the United States. He suggests that they may repeat the application to-day. The States largely owe their navy to the hurricane which destroyed their protecting ships of war in 1889. The group lies almost in the direct line between America and Australasia, and forms a key point for naval strategy. Hence springs West American and Australasian jealousy of German designs on Samoa. The British Empire supplies over 50 per cent. of Samoan imports, and the carrying trade is essentially British, even though Germany takes most of the exports. The article has been called forth by a German suggestion that the group should be partitioned, Great Britain taking Savaii, Germany Upolu, and the United States Tutuila. In the last-named is Pago-Pago, of which the writer

says:

There can be no question as to the priceless importance of Pago-Pago itself. On the broad waters of this splendid harbour-beyond comparison the finest and safest in either South or North Pacific-a fleet of war-vessels may ride at anchor, still as on a lake. The inlet, which almost cuts in twain the island of Tutuila, is landlocked, sheltered by high cliffs, and, humanly speaking, exempt from those terrible hurricanes by which, sooner or later, every other harbour of the South Pacific is liable to be devastated. . . . So far as England is concerned, the United States need anticipate no objection, for-holding Suva, a safe and commodious harbour in the direct route between Vancouver and Auckland-we require no Samoan port.

It might, however, affect the scheme of an All-British Pacific cable, for which Pago-Pago would be an ideal cable-station. Meantime preparations are advancing for a Franco-American cable system, which might, by forestalling Australasian and Canadian plans, seriously affront Colonial feeling. New Zealand, backed by the Australians, asked the Home Government to be allowed to administer Samoa, and, nonsuited in this request, has suggested "that Great Britain should offer in exchange for such rights as the German Government may claim in Samoa absolute possession of the Gilbert Islands, which are situate nearer the Marshalls and almost within the sphere of German influence."

GOSSIP ON LAST YEAR'S CYCLES.

Mr. Joseph Pennell liberates much pent-up indignation on the subject of cyles and cycling. After visiting the two great cycling shows just closed, he concludes that the spirit of invention is dormant in England." He pronounces the chainless cycle, whatever its merits in theory, to be practically a failure. "The wood-rim in this country is not a success." The aluminium machine "has made scarcely any progress." After many trials he has found that what he wants is "a machine geared to 75 or possibly 80, with 9- or possibly 10-inch cranks." He declares that, owing to careless workmanship and inferior metal, an average bicycle will not carry one for six months without extensive repair. "The pneumatic tyre is excellent in theory and abominable in use." He looks forward to inventions which will "add something like the quality of the cushion in resisting punctures to the

pneumatic. He will gladly bear the extra pound weight. On the only fresh question this year-of brakes or freewheels-he pronounces for brakes, and heartily commends the Bowden brake.

66

SEMANTICS: A NEW SCIENCE."

Mr. Charles Whibley reviews M. Michel Bréal's "Essai de Sémantique.” He hails the reaction from the foolish attempt to class philology under natural science, welcomes the purpose of the author who places Semantics, or the science of language, with politics, and sociology among the historical sciences. Words are devised by man as signs of man's meaning. Psychology, not physiology, is henceforth decisive. "The pedant, in despair, discusses the 'tendencies' of words. He might as well discuss the 'tendency' of screws and pistons." The artificer of language is no longer unconscious nature working on a feeble palate, but "the people." The doctors of language are impotent: the only true and good distinctions are made by the popular intelligence. Mr. Whibley thinks this "the single superstition of the new science." M. Bréal credits the democracy with too much, the elect with too little. "If the human will controls the meanest operations of speech, the human will must be exercised freely and intelligently, and it is only the intellect of the wise which can thus be exercised." Nevertheless he grants that "M. Bréal has provided us with a text-book which no ingenuity could better "" the very best handbook which ever inaugurated a new science."

HOW TO GET GOOD ARMY OFFICERS.

66

Mr. H. H. Almond writes on competitive examinations for Woolwich and Sandhurst, and insists on the need of giving marks for physical attainments to counteract the present unnatural mental strain and to furnish forth good officers. An average of six hours daily sedentary brainwork for a growing lad" is as much as is safe or wise. The proper plan to get the best officers for our army would be to entrust the whole business of selection to a small sworn and competent commission, who would choose on grounds personal and physical as well as literary. But" the suspicion of one another, which is one of the drawbacks of democracy," leads the writer to despair of this ideal way and to fall back on marks for physical merit. He asks only 2,500 marks-as many as are given for chemistry and geography-which he would distribute thus :--“ (1) Strength of grasp and (2) keenness of vision, 250 each. (3) Chest girth, or breathing capacity, relative to height, 300. (4) Girth of left upper arm, 120. (5) General physique, 300. And (6) 25 miles go as you please" by use of legs alone, 780 marks." To tests of hearing power and vision he would assign 500 marks.

66

OTHER ARTICLES.

Literature is much to the fore this month. Fiona Macleod contributes an appreciation of a group of Celtic writers, chief of whom are Mr. George Russell, Mr. Yeats, Miss Nora Hopper, and Dr. Hyde. The peculiar Celtic flavour is suggested by saying, "We are nearer to our earlier clan of the woods and hills and haunted ancient shores, when the interpreter is a Celt; and in that nearness there is a certain gain, particularly in a note of exquisite sadness, of troubled longing, of spiritual exaltation, of emotional intensity." Mr. W. B. Worsfold furnishes an interesting study of Charlotte Brontë, and Mr. G. S. Street describes the joy of soul Horace Walpole's letters have given him. Professor Max Müller pronounces an affectionate eulogy upon the late Dean Liddell, of Greek Dictionary fame.

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. BEYOND Mr. Swinburne's poem on Webster, there is not much of specially eminent importance in the January number of the Nineteenth Century-a title, by-the-bye, which has only two more years to run. The papers on the Liberal collapse, on the open-air cure of consumption, and on recollections of Burne-Jones, ask for separate notice.

POEM BY MR. A. C. SWINBURNE.

The distinction of the number is Mr. A. C. Swinburne's

"Prologue to 'The Duchess of Malfy.' "It is a wondrously musical tribute to Shakespeare and to Webster, on whose head, the poet declares, "half Shakespeare's glory" shall Two couplets may be quoted, one describing the fruit of Shakespeare's word :

rest.

Our skies were thrilled and filled, from sea to sea, With stars outshining all their suns to be. And the other showing one phase of Webster's power :High up the darkness of sublime despair

He set the sun of love to triumph there.

THE FRENCH THORN IN NEWFOUNDLAND'S SIDE.

Mr. P. T. McGrath, of the Newfoundland Evening Herald, writes on "France in Newfoundland," and the grievances her presence entails. He hints that his narrative and his proposals are substantially those to be presented by the Royal Commission. What he suggests as a basis of agreement with France is as follows:

(1) The Treaty Coast.-France to withdraw therefrom, compensation to be accorded her for the stations on the coast which would be removed thereby, and free bait being conceded in our southern harbours in return for her giving up her fishing rights on the Treaty Coast.

(2) St. Pierre.-The French to abandon their bounty system and compete with our fishermen on more equal terms. Baiting privileges to be conceded them in Newfoundland waters, subject to regulations for the preservation of the bait fishes binding on Americans, Canadians, French, and colonists alike. The French to recognise a British Consul at St. Pierre, to abandon their connivance at smuggling, and to frame enlightened and honest revenue laws.

WANTED-PUBLIC ELEMENTARY TRAINING SHIPS.

Mr. W. L. Ainslie and Mr. J. H. Yoxall, M.P., expound the scheme prepared by the Navy League with a view to securing "British seamen for British ships." In 1847,.with a tonnage of three and a half millions, fourfifths of the quarter million seamen were British, and apprentices numbered about ten thousand a year. Now, with a tonnage of ten and a third millions, British seamen number about one-eighth of a million, and grow fewer every year. The essence of the plan suggested is that public training for the mercantile marine should cease to be merely reformative or semi-penal; that depôt training ships be placed at suitable points round the coast for training each some three hundred boys of good character and parentage-chiefly to be able seamen, with promotion for promising pupils; and that shipowners taking these pupils as apprentices be paid every month £1 for the first year, 15s. for the second, and 10s. for the third. The writers count on the active support of County Councils, City Companies, and Charity Commissioners.

A NEW RÔLE FOR OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE. Professor Percy Gardner gives his impressions of American universities. He remarks on the great change introduced by the adoption of post-graduation courses of study. He regrets that the value of doctoral theses, so prized in Germany and America, is underrated in England. He is stirred to Imperial ambitions for our ancient seats of learning, and laments their "comparative isolation" as "a deplorable dereliction" of duty to the Empire. He says:

I found it to be in America the universal opinion that if the English universities organised graduate courses, and awarded the doctorate at the end of them, there would be a flow to England of young graduates from the United States and the English colonies. The opportunity is unquestionably present; it is for us either to use or to neglect it. Of course the first duy of Oxford and Cambridge is to England; but only Li Englanders would underrate the advantages of a closer federation of English-speaking universitics. At the present time Harvard exercises great influence throughout the north and west of America by sheer intellectual force; it seems not impossitk that Oxford and Cambridge might, if they chose, become the two hemispheres of the brain of the Empire.

IRISH UNIVERSITY FOR CATHOLICS.

The Bishop of Limerick is careful to point out that the Irish hierarchy do not ask for a Catholic University, which would be absolutely under the Pope's control, like University College, Dublin, but for a University for Catholics. Public funds would be spent only on the departments of secular knowledge. No tests would be imposed for any Chair excepting that of theology beyond a promise not to teach irreligion. The Bishop is ready to meet Mr. Courtney's requirements as to its govern ment by giving a certain representation to each of the faculties on the Senate, the proportions to be fixed by Royal Commission. The purpose of the paper, which opens with a conciliatory reference to Sir William. Harcourt's Kensit crusade, is evidently intended to disarm Liberal and Protestant opposition.

OTHER ARTICLES.

The Dreyfus case arrives at last in a summary survey by M. Yves Guyot, who declares the issue now to be between "men of intellect" and "men of authority." Lieut.-Col. Adye shows up the Colonial weakness of France, who is trying to do two things, either of which would strain her powers to the utmost-to outvie the greatest military power in the world, and to become a great Colonial Power in hostile rivalry with the greatest naval and Colonial Power in the world. Mr. Reginald Hughes discusses the record of the Alps in 1898-excep tional fine weather, few successes, unusually many accidents, including thirty-one deaths. Mr. Andrew Lang claims to have proved over against Mr. Tylor's theory of borrowing, and from Mr. Tylor's own witnesses. that the savage gods of North America, and particularly of Australia, could not have been borrowed from missionaries.

McClure's.

McClure's for January is an excellent number. The paper of most solid worth is Captain Mahan's discussion of the War on the Sea and its Lessons." He deplores the crippling effect of defective coast defence. Land fortifications ought to have been such as to leave the navy free for aggressive work. He goes over many possibilities, but suggests no important deviation from the strategy of the Americans. He declares the disparity between the opposing fleets to have been at the outset inconsiderable, but quotes a Spanish story to the effect that Cervera, months before the outbreak of the war, said that in the event of war he should go to a Trafalgar unless he were at once allowed to spend fifty thousand tons of coals in evolutions and ten thousand projectiles in target practice. Mr. Stephen Bonsal tells some finely touching and amusing stories of the " day of battle" before Santiago. Mr Simon Lake's description of his submarine" Argonaut" asks for separate mention. Mr. Stephen Crane gives a vivid account of his experiences on the engine of the North Western Scotch Express.

THE NATIONAL REVIEW. THE January number is a fresh reminder of the service which the National is rendering to the cause of Imperial and English-speaking unity. Its regular survey of the Empire as a whole, and its sympathetic chronicle of American affairs, dissipate by the light of knowledge much more effectually than by any tirades the Little England superstition. Its most important article is perhaps Mr. Morrow's on the new Irish revolutionary movement, its most racy is the "Radical M.P.'s" account of the leaderless Opposition; both of which claim separate mention.

ENGLAND'S DANGER IN THE DREYFUS CASE.

The editor discusses "international aspects of the Dreyfus scandal" as it affects Germany and Italy, Russia, and above all Great Britain. He pronounces the Tsar to be the most powerful friend of the Cour de Cassation, and suggests that his rescript on disarmament may have been partly dictated by disgust at the excesses of French militarism. The chief point is given in these quotations from M. Yves Guyot in his Siècle :

---

These friends of the Headquarter Staff have only one preoccupation, and that is to direct public opinion towards a conflagration with England. . . . The Headquarter Staff would take no part in it. Such a war would only concern the navy.

They are endeavouring, in the interests of the Headquarter Staff, of all the men compromised by the Dreyfus affair, to create a diversion. They believe that the only miracle which can save them is a war with a state of siege, the suppression of the independent newspapers, and the suspension of civil rights. And whilst our sailors are smashed at sea, our generals of the pronunciamento will have nothing else to do but to smash the Republicans and instal a military and clerical dictatorship. That is the true significance of the foreign policy of Messrs. Drumont, Rochefort, Paul de Cassagnac, and Jules Lemaitre expounded in the New York Herald.

The Petit Journal strives to make the war popular with the French masses by assuring them "only sailors would be killed!" Failing the triumph of justice, the editor expects a pronunciamento followed or preceded by a foreign war.

66 THE POLICY OF JINGOISM."

It is a commentary on the times through which we have been passing that "Jingoism," once a word of reproach, is now calmly appropriated by one of its advocates as a suitable title for his policy. Mr. H. W. Wilson, author of "Ironclads in Action," and of the article before us, actually attributes to the shock produced by Gordon's death "the conversion of the country to Jingoism in the best sense." "We are all Jingoes now," repeats Mr. Wilson. Jingoism, he explains, does not mean constant wars; it means "the firm stand and vigorous policy "-the readiness to fight-which prevents war; it means a strong and well-organised army and navy; and a patriotic domestic policy. He puts the last thus:

The British boy and girl, and the nation generally, should be made familiar with the story of heroic Englishmen-men such as Drake, Wolfe, Nelson, Cromwell, Havelock, Chatham, and Gordon himself. To hold up an ideal of statesmanship, the truest, strongest, and loftiest type of Anglo-Saxon, what study could be better than that of the life of Abraham Lincoln? . In our Board Schools an effort should be made to have the portrait of the Queen and the national flag always displayed and saluted on stated occasions, while the importance of the Navy should be taught as a lesson. In our public schools the Navy and Army should not be forgotten, and the geography of the British Empire should certainly be rescued from the neglect in which only too often it slumbers. The regular singing of patriotic songs and performance of military drill are not con

sidered wicked by hard-headed Americans. It is difficult to understand why so many Englishmen should object to them in schools.

The civis Romanus policy of Palmerston, and Lord Rosebery as possible leader of the Jingo Party, close this programme of Jingoism.

FINDING HOMES FOR HOMELESS CHILDREN.

Lady Vane reports on the working of the scheme of boarding out of workhouse children under ladies' committees, which was approved by Mr. Goschen in 1870. After many years of practical experience of the carrying out of this order of the Local Government Board, the writer bears witness to the simple and easy working of it by all parties concerned, when the duties are undertaken in a proper spirit. She puts her plea very strongly when she says:

The children exist, and in the length and breadth of England there are surely homes enough to receive them all. The meeting of children and homes could be effected if only all the ladies of England who have country places and influence with their neighbours would give time and thought to this work of free and loving service to the friendless.

OTHER ARTICLES.

"The Navy as a Profession," by "Captain R.N.," gives a gratifying picture of the high morals, hard work, low pay, thrifty habits, and promotion by merit which prevail in this all-essential service. Rich men's sons are fewer than in the army. Admiral Maxse blends most interesting personal reminiscences of the Crimea with his review of Admiral Lord Lyons' Life. Mr. Henry M. Grey, writing on the future of Morocco, suggests that we warn France against extending her frontier westward as another "unfriendly act," and retaliate if unheeded by annexing a strip of the littoral to ourselves, and giving Germany Sus and part of Southern Morocco. Maurice Low in his American chronicle reports that recruiting officers find great difficulty in getting men to fill the ranks. The prospect of having to serve in the new tropical acquisitions is mentioned as a special deterrent. Professor Schäfer objects to Mr. Coleridge's criticism of Lord Lister, that morphia used in vivisection is a complete anææsthetic, though not destroying "sensibility" in the physiological sense of irritability or response to stimuli.

66

Harper's.

Mr.

BROTHER Jonathan's Colonies" is the title of a paper by Professor Bushnell Hart, who laughs to scorn that the United States are only now acquiring colonies. He argues that they have had colonies and outlying dependencies from the first only they called them territories. He grants, however, the new difficulties imposed by the latest colonies oversea, and asks for a special Colonial department to govern the new dependencies on necessarily oligarchic principles. Mr. H. L. Nelson, writing on the weakness of the executive power in democracy," charges the Senate with having rushed into war with Spain which the President was on the point of successfully averting. The Senate has taken over the functions of commander-in-chief, and is responsible for the military maladministration. Mr. Nelson demands that these executive powers be taken from it and entrusted to the President, else a revolt will ensue. Mr. C. T. Lewis finds the motive of Bismarck's life in a Napoleonic lust of power. Captain Speedy's glimpse of Nubia, and Mr. Whitman's eulogy of the Sultan claim mention elsewhere. War papers are still prominent.