We find that the attorney for this Committee was one Nancy Frankel Wechsler. It appears that the counsel for this Committee had a very deep Red record as well, which was exposed by none other than her husband, James Wechsler, editor of the New York Post, in a book which he wrote. Nancy Wechsler is the daughter of Osmond K. Frankel, a civil liberties lawyer whose record of affiliation with the Communist enterprises has been long and intimate. In his book entitled "The Age of Suspicion," James Wechsler, Nancy's husband, recites some of the Communist activity in which Nancy engaged in the late thirties. From his account we learn that Nancy was a card carrying member of the Young Communist League, that she engaged in a violent demonstration in front of the Horace Mann Auditorium and was physically and forcibly removed from the demonstration by the police; that Nancy was a member of the National Student League, a unit in the Communist apparatus; and that Nancy became an active member of the Communist-led American Student Union; that Nancy and her husband chaperoned a group of students to the Soviet Union and their expenses were paid by the Communist travel bureau, Open Road. Open Road, Inc., was identified by Louis Budenz as a Communistcreated travel organization. Mrs. Wechsler in her application for permission to practice law in New York State admitted membership in the American Communist League from 1933 to 1935. So we find that all the way through the main actors on the stage of this sponsorship for race integration and amalgamation are the Communists and Communist fronters. Senator ERVIN. I would like to repeat at this point, that I have known Frank P. Graham since 1913. I have always understood that there is a dissent in the Commission's report in respect to the manner in which racial problems should be settled, and that although that dissent is not signed by any particular members of the Commission, Frank P. Graham did dissent from the recommendations of the Commission as to how racial problems should be solved. According to my understanding, he took the position that problems in this field can only be settled on the basis of religion and good will and mutual respect of people of one race for those of the other, and not by legislation. Judge PEREZ. He is undoubtedly correct in that statement, Mr. Chairman, because no great social changes will be accomplished by legislation or even by the use of coercive power of the Federal Government in its attempt to force race integration. It has been stated, and it has never been questioned that this is the first time in the history of nations that any government has ever attempted to use its coercive power to force race integration upon an unwilling people. That is a sad commentary and a serious indictment against the politicians who would yield to pressure from subversive groups, minority groups, in their burning desire for political support to destroy everything that is really American in this country, to destroy the peace and happiness of our people, and to destroy the very basis of our constitutional system of government in this country, to destroy States rights, the right of the people to self-government and to regulate their own educational institutions, as they always have, regardless of the fact the 14th amendment had been in existence for many years and had been interpreted as permitting the operation of separate schools. Senator ERVIN. Judge, I have never been able to understand why those who condemn legal segregation advocate compulsory integration. It seems to me that compulsory integration denies a man his constitutional right to select his own associates. Judge PEREZ. Well, I would like to comment on that, too, Mr. Chairman. But I overlooked filing as an exhibit the report of the House Un-American Activities Committee on Dorothy Tilly, and I would like to file it as P-11 in connection with the pamphlet I filed as an exhibit. Senator ERVIN. Without objection, that will be done. (The document referred to was marked as "Exhibit No. P-11" and reads as follows:) EXHIBIT No. P-11 INFORMATION FROM THE FILES OF THE COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN For: Hon. James O. Eastland. Subject: Dorothy Tilly (Mrs. M. E. Tilly). This Committee makes NO EVALUATION in this report. The following is only a compilation of recorded public material contained in our files and should not be construed as representing the results of any investigation or finding by the Committee. The fact that the Committee has information as set forth below on the subject of this report is not per se an indication that this individual, organization, or publication is subversive, unless specifically stated. Symbols in parentheses after the name of any organization or publication mentioned herein indicate that the organization or publication has been cited as being subversive by one or more Federal authorities. The name of each agency is denoted by a capital letter, as follows: A-Attorney General of the United States; C-Committee on Un-American Activities; I-Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee; J-Senate Judiciary Committee; and, S-Subversive Activities Control Board. The numerals after each letter represent the year in which that agency first cited the organization or publication. (For more complete information on citations, see this Committee's "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications.") The following sources show Mrs. M. E. Tilly as one of the initiators of the National Committee to Repeal the McCarran Act (I-1956): The Daily Worker, December 27, 1950, p. 9; letterhead dated January 19, 1951 (shown here as Mrs. Dorothy Tilly (Mrs. M.E.)); letterheads dated March 22 and April 8, 1952; an undated letterhead and leaflet, America's Spokesman Condemn the McCarran Act; and a letterhead dated February 1953. In the Statement of Policy, issued by the National Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact (C-1951; I-1956), in December 1950, Mrs. M. E. Tilly was named as a member of the Executive Board. The Daily Worker, July 28, 1950, p. 8 reported that she signed a statement of the same committee regarding Korea. A letterhead of the organization dated September 16, 1950 also listed Mrs. Tilly as a member of the Executive Board of the committee (from the Report on the Communist "Peace" Offensive released by the Committee on Un-American Activities, April 25, 1951, page 56). The Program of the Mid-Century Conference for Peace (C-1951; I-1956), held in Chicago May 29-30, 1950 listed Mrs. M. E. Tilly of the Southern Regional Council, Atlanta, Ga., as a conference sponsor (Conference Program reprinted in the "Peace" Offensive Report, pages 143-151). The 1947 ballot for election of officers of the Methodist Federation for Social Action (I-1956) lists the name of Mrs. M. E. Tilly as a candidate for Memberat-Large. The Social Questions Bulletin, June 1950, published by the Methodist Federation *** also has Mrs. Tilly's name as a candidate for Member-at-Large (p. 28). The 1945 ballot of the Methodist Federation for Social Service (which later became the Methodist Federation for Social Action) also listed Mrs. Tilly as a candidate for Member-at-Large of the organization. MRS. M. E. (DOROTHY) TILLY Official connection with Southern Regional Council: New South, January 1953. New South, October-November 1952. New South, December 1954 to January 1955. Field secretary (p. 24, New South, December 1944). Some of the Communist fronts or offcolor organizations of which she is or has been a member, sponsor, or an affiliate. 1. (a) Member, executive board of the Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact (p. 56, House report, "The Communist Peace Offensive"). (b) Signer of statement on Korea issued by the Committee for Peaceful Alternatives, Daily Worker, July 28, 1950, page 8. 2. Sponsor, Mid-Century Conference for Peace, Chicago, 1950 (p. 151, House report, "The Communist Peace Offensive," Apr. 1, 1951). 3. One of the initiators of the National Committee To Repeal the McCarran Act (name appearing on official letterhead, 1952). 4. (a) Member, National Committee, American Civil Liberties Union (official letterhead, October 1951). (b) Sponsor, National Citizens Conference on Civil Liberties (Daily Worker, Apr. 16, 1948). 5. Sponsor, National Committee To Abolish the Poll Tax (letter signed by Katherine Shryver, executive secretary, Mar. 8, 1946). 6. Member, the National Citizen's Political Action Committee (p. 10300, Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, vol. 17; see also p. 10303). 7. Speaker, Women's Conference on World Peace, Daytona Beach, Fla., called by the notorious Communist fronter, if not a Communist, the late Mary McCloud Bethune (Daily Worker, Apr. 6, 1952). 8. Member, national board, Americans for Democratic Action. 9. Executive member, the Methodist Federation for Social Action (p. 74, H. Rept. 1661; her name appears in that relation in official lists for several years). Mrs. Tilly was secretary of the department of social relations, Woman's Society of Christian Service of the Methodist Church for several years. Through her office she carried on an aggressive campaign for racial agitation until the women of the South became aware of her purposes and connections. 10. Affiliated with Southern Women's Statement for the Abolition of the Poll Tax (p. 10347, House of Representatives, "Investigation of Un-American Activities in the United States," vol. 17, September 1944). Judge PEREZ. Now then, to further show the Communist and Communist front influence in connection with this whole racial conspiracy, I would like to show from the record what the U.S. Supreme Court based its decision on when it cited in its footnote 11, E. Franklin Frazier, a 14 time Communist front member; Theodore Brameld, 10 times a Communist member; K. B. Clark, a two-timer, called a social science adviser of the legal staff of the NAACP; and various members of the committees on social science furnished to Myrdal by the Carnegie Corp. and referred to by the author in his preface. Their Communist front connections are cited from the record by an address made by Senator Eastland in the U.S. Senate on Thursday, May 26, 1955, and to save repetition, if the chairman pleases, I would like to file as exhibit P-12 the printed copy of Senator Eastland's speech on the Supreme Court's modern scientific authorities in the segregation cases. Senator ERVIN. Without objection, that may be done. (The document referred to was marked "Exhibit No. P-12" and reads as follows:) The Supreme Court's "Modern Scientific (712) Let us consider the so-called modern authorities on psychology cited by the Court as its authority to change and destroy the constitutional guaranties of the reserved natural right of the people of the States of the Union to freedom of choice and of the States to regulate their public schools. Speech of Hon. James O. Eastland of Mississippi in the Senate of the United States Thursday, May 26, 1955 Not printed at Government expense United States Government Printing Office, Washington : 1955 SPEECH OF HON. JAMES O. EASTLAND OF MISSISSIPPI IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, May 26, 1955 Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, yesterday I submitted a resolution asking the Senate to endorse an investigation of the alleged scientific authorities upon which the Supreme Court relied to sustain its decision in the school integration cases of last year. As will be revealed in detail in my remarks, there is clear and unmistakable evidence that the Court chose to follow the insidious and false propaganda foisted by alien ideologies rather than rely on the Constitution as written, and long established legal precedents. I ask unanimous consent that the text of my resolution (S. Res. 104) be inserted in my remarks at this point of the RECORD. THE RESOLUTION There being no objection, the resolution was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: Whereas the Supreme Court of the United States rendered a decision on May 17, 1954, in the case of Brown et al. v. Board of Education of Topeka et al. and four related cases, which admittedly departed from the established law and precedents in declaring the "separate but equal" doctrine of separation of the white and black races was unconstitutional insofar as it applied to publicschool facilities; and Whereas this decision was based solely and alone on psychological, sociological, and anthropological considerations, in that the Court stated: "Whatever may have been the extent of psychological knowledge at the time of Plessy v. Ferguson, this finding is amply supported by modern authority"; and Whereas the footnote to the opinion lists six allegedly modern authorities and con cludes with the sentence: "And see generally Mydral, An American Dilemma (1944)"; and Whereas a provisional investigation of the authorities upon which the Supreme Court relied reveals to a shocking degree their connection with and participation in the worldwide Communist conspiracy, in that Brameld and Frazier, listed in the group of 6 authorities, have no less than 28 citations in the files of the Committee on Un-American Activities of the United States House of Representatives revealing membership in, or participation with, Communist or Communist-front organizations and activities; and Whereas the book, An American Dilemma, was prepared by a Swedish Socialist, who declared in the book that the United States Constitution was "impractical and unsuited to modern conditions" and its adoption was "nearly a plot against the common people"; and Whereas this book was the result of collaboration between Mydral and certain alleged "scholars and experts" assigned him by the Carnegie Corp., of Alger Hiss fame; and Whereas 16 of these so-called scholars and experts, who contributed to no less than 272 different articles and portions of the book, have been cited numerous times as members of Communist and subversive organizations; and Whereas the citation of these authorities clearly indicates a dangerous influence and control exerted on the court by Communistfront pressure groups and other enemies of the American Republic and individual members thereof that is inimical to the general welfare and best interest of the Republic; and Whereas this Senate, the 16 sovereign States whose constitutions were nullified by the illegal decision of the Supreme Court, and all of the people of the United States are now entitled to know beyond doubt and peradventure the complete extent and degree of Communist and Communist-front activity and influence in the preparation of the psuedo "modern scientific authority” which was the sole and only basis for the decision of the Supreme Court: Now, therefore, be it |