ity of South Africa to pay the cost of England's devastating war. It is proposed, among other things, by Sir David to levy a 10-per-cent. tax on the net profits of the gold mines. This is not very agreeable to the English holders of mining stocks, and it is even less pleasant news to the French, German, and other Continental investors who own a great part of the shares of the mining companies of the Rand. The general work of the parliamentary session is not proving very productive of results, although there have been floods of fruitless talk and plenty of evidence of discord in the ranks of both British parties.

Settlement.

The

With the amount of indemnity pracThe Chinese tically agreed upon, and also the details of the scheme by which China is to raise the money and pay it over, the great episode of the international expedition to Peking is rounding out the second chapter. Four hundred and fifty million taels, equal to $315,000,000, is the sum that is said to have been fixed upon. The method adopted, it seems, is an issue of Chinese 4 per-cent. bonds which will be received at par and distributed among the powers in such proportion as they will themselves determine. United States and England successfully resisted the proposal urged by Russia and Japan that these bonds should be jointly guaranteed by the group of creditor powers. An increase of the tariff duties at the treaty ports, and the income from certain other specified taxes, will provide money enough to pay the yearly interest charge and to accumulate a sinking fund for the ultimate liquidation of the principal. Thus, China will have paid very heavily in the end for the folly and villainy of the high officials who encouraged the Boxers.

It is not reassuring to think of the An Unpleasant withdrawal of the European forces Prospect. with the atrocious old Empress Dowager still exercising absolute power; and it would seem as if China's worst troubles were only beginning, rather than ending. It will be strange, indeed, if formidable revolutions against the Manchu dynasty do not occur in the early future. Count von Waldersee, the commander-in-chief, left Peking on June 3, and the British, French, and Germans are retaining in the disturbed region of China, chiefly around Tientsin, only about 3,000 troops each, the Italians leaving 1,200. We have no American troops in China except a legation guard at Peking of about 150 men. The Russian troops left Peking months ago, but of course a great Russian army is maintained in Manchuria, without the slightest prospect of withdrawal either now

or at any future time. court is not expected to until September.

Famine and Its Relief.

war,

The Imperial Chinese return from Singan-fu

Famine and pestilence usually follow and China affords no exception to that rule. Starvation prevails in some extensive regions, particularly in the province of Shansi. The Christian Herald, of New York, always so energetic in relief work, is raising a large fund, and has already sent $20,000. In helping the suffering Chinese women and children in this time of their great emergency, we are not only showing kindness to a gentle and patient people who have never done us any wrong even in thought, -for these people were not Boxers,—but we are also doing something to insure good relations between this country and China, a consummation much to be desired. The distribution of the Christian Herald's fund is intrusted to a committee of leading missionaries than whom no men could possibly handle it more wisely. The brother of the Emperor is to visit Berlin to apologize officially for the murder of the Baron von Ketteler, and a statue of the ambassador is to be erected by the Chinese Government in Peking on the spot where he was slain a year ago. Our special commissioner, Mr. Rockhill, who has been representing us in China during the visit of Mr. Conger to the United States, will soon return; and Mr. Conger, on the other hand, has announced that he will sail early in July to resume his duties as United States minister at Peking. It is regarded as possible that Mr. Conger may be nominated for the governorship of Iowa in September, in which case he would presumably resign his diplomatic post.

Berlin is now the great center of EuGermany in the Center ropean influence and activity, and our of the Stage. American newspapers ought to have a much better and fuller news service from Germany than they are now giving their readers. By far the most energetic and conspicuous figure in all Europe is the Emperor William; and his movements and utterances alone each month comprise a large proportion of the month's current history. The Emperor has of late been in a pacific mood, and he continues on all occasions to declare that the joint expedition to China has cemented Europe for years to come in the bonds of comradeship and mutual esteem. In connec tion with one or two fresh incidents carefully managed, the Kaiser has paid compliments to the French army that have pleasantly affected the Gallic susceptibilities. It is the studious policy of Germany to cultivate the friendship of Holland in all possible ways, and every attention

had been ardently hoped for, and Dr. Schenck's theories are again discredited. Little Anastasia will not be neglected, however, and will doubtless be as carefully and wisely reared and taught as her sisters, who are: Olga, now six years old; Tatiana, now four, and Marie, aged two years. The Grand Duke Michael, the Czar's brother, is still the heir apparent. It is a pity that Salic laws should stand in the way of the accession of women to several European thrones, for they make quite as useful sovereigns as men ; and there ought not to be any ground for unhappiness over the birth of royal daughters. England's experience is in everybody's memory, and Holland would not exchange Wilhelmina for a veritable paragon of the other sex. The Queen Regent of Spain is a better ruler than any of her Peninsular statesmen, and it is to be regretted that she is so soon to retire. New Spanish elections have been held, the Ministerialists winning by a considerable majority. On the 11th of June the Queen Regent opened the Cortes for the last time, inasmuch as the young King will have attained the legal age of sixteen next year, and the

regency will terminate.

It is reported, by the

way, that he witnessed his first bull fight on a certain Sunday last month. Speaking of disappointments in the matter of royal heirs, the one that has made the most extraordinary sensation pertains to the unhappy reigning house of Servia. The accompanying cartoon from a German paper shows the woe-begone face of King Alexander as he turns his back on the paraphernalia that had been provided for the expected son and heir. It is reported that an arrangement has been made between this same King Alexander of Servia and the Russian Government by which Russia is to resume the overshadowing influence of twenty years ago. Ever since the Russo-Turkish War, there has been intense and incessant rivalry between Austro-Hungary and Russia for the virtual domination of the Balkan states.

Mr. Carnegie's bestowal of $10,000Mr. Carnegie's 000, announced in our issue of last Scotch Gift. month, upon the four Scottish universities is the largest outright and completed gift to education ever made by any individual. Mr. Rockefeller's successive gifts to the University of Chicago-that institution having just now celebrated its tenth anniversary with great éclat have now amounted in less than a dozen years to about as great a total; and statements made by Mr. Rockefeller himself last month made it clear that his giving is not at an end. But the Scotch universities were poor, and they were in danger of falling far behind the new standards of university life and work. As finally arranged after much discussion, the proceeds of Mr. Carnegie's gift, which will be $500,000 a year, will be divided into two parts, one of which, according to the deed of gift itself, is to be applied as follows:

One-half of the net annual income is to be applied toward the improvement and expansion of the universities of Scotland in the faculties of science and medicine, also for improving and extending the opportunities for scientific research and for increasing the facilities for acquiring a knowledge of history, economics, English literature, and modern languages, and such other subjects cognate to a technical or commercial education as can be brought within the scope of the university curriculum; by the erection of buildings, laboratories, class-rooms, museums, or libraries, the providing of efficient apparatus, books, and equipment, the institution and endowment of professorships and lectureships, including post-graduate lectureships, and scholarships-more especially scholarships for the purpose of encouraging research in any one or more of the subjects before named, or in such other manner as the committee may from time to time decide.

It was at first Mr. Carnegie's idea to use his endowment for the sake of making tuition free

to all Scotch students in the universities. This idea was greatly modified, however, and it is now arranged that the universities will continue to charge such tuition fees as they like, but that the trustees of the Carnegie fund will pay the whole or a part of the tuition of such deserving students as may thus be enabled to obtain a higher education. The trustees have the right also in their discretion to use a part of this second half of the fund to promote university-extension lectures, and other educational objects.

Ira Remsen had been at the head of the department of chemistry ever since the university was opened, and in absences of Dr. Gilman on various occasions he had served as acting president. Dr. Rowland, whose death we noted last month, and Professor Gildersleeve, like Dr. Remsen, had been associated with President Gilman for a quarter of a century in the brilliant work of creating the most widely famed of all American universities. Although even then a distinguished specialist and professor, Dr. Remsen was only thirty years of age when he organized the department of chemistry at Baltimore, and his reputation at home and abroad has steadily grown. He is still in his prime at fifty-five. As we have said more than once before, there is no one institution for higher education in this country where at the present time a large increase of endowment would be so pro

ductive of results. Post-graduate study and research literally began in this country at the Johns Hopkins University; and what has been done elsewhere has been chiefly owing to the initiative and leadership of that institution.

The Washing

President Dabney of the University ton Memorial of Tennessee, in speaking of the Institution. Washington Memorial Institution last month, assured us that in his opinion it would be a greater educational agency ten years hence than the University of Berlin. Dr. Dabney was jubilant, and was expressing his enthusiasm rather than attempting exact forecasts. Yet he would be ready, doubtless, to make a serious defense of his prediction. Elsewhere in this number, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, of Columbia University, has at our request explained to our readers just what the Washington Memorial Institution is designed to do. It was a happy coincidence that as President Gilman was retiring from a meeting of the board of directors of the Johns Hopkins University, in which he had been participating in the choice of his successor, he was met by a committee of the trustees of the new Washington Memorial Institution, whose object it was to inform him that he had been unanimously chosen as the man to initiate and direct its work. The new institution will be under the auspices of the leading universities and higher technical schools of the country, with the active aid and participation of all the departments and bureaus at Washington, including not only the scientific and technical establishments and agencies of the Government, but also great institutions

like the Congressional Library, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Museum. It will enroll hundreds of students in the coming year, and thousands in the near future. The plan, as finally worked out, has come quite as much from experienced heads of the Government's scientific work as from the university leaders outside. The advisory board will include the President and Cabinet, and other high officials. President Gilman is to be congratulated upon the great national opportunity for usefulness that lies before him.

Other

Notes.

Apart from the organization of the Educational Washington Memorial Institution, the most significant new undertaking in the educational world is perhaps the founding of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. This enterprise is not to be carried on in rivalry with existing medical colleges, but is to coöperate with them all in the field of special and extended investigation. Its headquarters will be in New York, but the president of the board of directors is at present Dr. William H. Welch, of the Johns Hopkins University, of Baltimore, the secretary being Dr. L. Emmett Holt, of New York. The other members of the board are men of like prominence in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. Mr. Rockefeller has advanced $200,000 for immediate or early expenditure, with more to come. President Schurman announced at Cornell on June 19 that Mr. Rockefeller had offered that university a gift of a quarter of a million dollars on condition that an equal amount should be subscribed by others. Brown University has received the equivalent of more than a million in the form of the famous John Carter Brown Library, with money for building and endowment. Many smaller gifts to various universities and institutions have been announced from the commencement platforms. The Rev. Dr. Richard D. Harlan, of Rochester, N. Y., has accepted the presidency of Lake Forest University, near Chicago. He is one of the sons of Justice Harlan of the Supreme Court. The principal colleges for women are showing exceptional growth, and the graduating class at Smith College numbered 254, which is the largest class ever graduated from any woman's college. Vassar's largest class, numbering 142, also graduated last month. American colleges and universities were never before in such close relation to the practical life of the country, and the great army of new graduates will find plenty of good work to do, and will be the better fitted for that work, as well as for all the opportunities, duties, and pleasures of life, by reason of the superior, educational advantages that they have enjoyed.