Index to Periodical Literature. AMERICAN AND ENGLISH. BIOGRAPHICAL. Bates of the Amazons. Grant Allen. Fort. Rev., London, Dec., 12 pp. Sketch of the lite and work of the scientist Henry Walter Bates. "Bébé Bwana." Heien M. Winslow, Demorest's Mag., Jan., 5 pp. Illus. Descriptive of the travels of Mrs. M. French-Sheldon, "Bebé Bwana," in Africa. Denck (Hans) the Anabaptist. Richard Heath. Contemp. Rev., London, Dec., 14 pp. A sketch of the life of one of the leaders of the Anabaptist movement of the sixteenth century. Herrick and His Friends. A. W. Poland. Macmillan's, London, Dec., 7 pp. XIX Cent., Art Museums and Galleries (Our National). Sir Charles Robinson. Columbus, The Career of. Chauncey M. Depew. Our Day, Dec., 15 pp. Oration at World's Fair Dedication. Constable and Sir Walter Scott. Temple Bar. London, Dec., 24 pp. Decorative Art, The English Revival of. Walter Crane. Fort. Rev., London, Dec., 14 pp. Education, The Five L's in. Prof. Samuel Harris. Andover Rev., Nov., 23 pp. Historians (Our Young). Mark Reid. Macmillan's, London, Dec., 8 pp. Ireland, Early Treatises on. The Warden of Merton. Nat. Rev., London, Dec., 14 pp. Irving (Mr.) and the English Drama. George Barlow. New Rev., London, Dec., II pp. Lamb (Charles and Mary), Unpublished Letters of. Cornhill, London, Dec., 14 pp. Leicester Corporation Art-Gallery. S. J. Viccars. Mag. of Art, Jan., 7 pp. Illus. Descriptive. Physical Education. Earl of Meath. Nat. Rev., Lordon, Dec., 8 pp. Renan (Ernest), The Writings of. J. George Colclough. Month, London, Dec., 23 PP. Renan's Beginnings and End. Irish Monthly, Dublin, Dec., 5 pp. Sculpture of the Year: The Salons of the Champs Elysees and the Champ de Mars. Claude Phillips. Mag. of Art, Jan., 6 pp. Illus. Descriptive. Speeches and Speakers of To-Day. "Miles Inglorious." New Rev., London, Dec., 11 pp. Tennyson. The Rev. Stopford A. Brooke. Contemp. Rev., London, Dec., 25 pp. Tennyson (Alfred). Stephen Henry Thayer. Andover Rev., Nov., 18 pp. Tennyson, Aspects of. H. D. Traill. XIX Cent., London, Dec., 15 pp. Tennyson (Lord), The Portraits of. Theodore Watts. Mag. of Art, Jan., 7 pp. Illus. Descriptive. Tennyson's Literary Sensitiveness. Alfred Austin. Nat. Rev., London, Dec., 7 PP. POLITICAL. Amnesty, A Plea for. J. E. Redmond, M.P. Fort. Rev., London, Dec., 11 pp. Chamberlain's (Mr.) Programme. Thomas Burt, M.P.; H. H. Champion; J. Keir Election Week in America. Blackwood's, Edinburgh, Dec., 16 pp. Free Trade and Bad Trade. Rt. Hon. Leonard H. Courtney, M.P.; Lord Masham of Swinton; James Edgcome; J. Keir Hardie, M.P.; Frederick J. Whetstone. Nat. Rev., London, Dec., 21 pp. His Last Campaign, and After. Frederick Greenwood. New Rev., London, Dec., 14 PP. Criticises Mr. Gladstone, India, An Australian View of. The Rt. Hon. Sir Charles W. Dilke, Bart., M.P. Fort. Rev., London, Dec.. 9 pp. Criticises Mr. Deakin's Irrigated India. Parliament (The Long) and Dr. Gardiner. Blackwood's, Edinburgh, Dec., 17 pp. Protection Society (A "Candidates"). J. A. Farrer. XIX Cent., London, Dec., 5 pp. Suggests a society for the protection of political candidates. Secret Service. London Society. Dec., 7 PP. Review of Mr. Fitzpatrick's Book, "Secret Service under Pitt." Soudan (the). The Ruin of. Rt. Hon. Sir W. T. Marriott, Q. C., M. P. Nat. Rev., London, Dec., 13 pp. Soudan (the), The Recovery of. Blackwood's, Edinburgh, Dec., 17 pp. Spheres of Influence." Sir George Taubman-Goldie, K. C. M. G. XIX Cent., London, Dec.. 7 pp. Deals with certain dangerous fallacies" by which the policy of the occupation of Uganda has been mainly supported. Tariff (The American). J. Stephen Jeans. Fort. Rev., London, Dec., 15 pp. Uganda Problem (The). Joseph Thomson. Contemp. Rev., London, Dec., 11 pp. Urges the importance of England's retention of Uganda. £38,000,000 per Annum! The Right Hon. Jesse Collings, M. P. XIX Cent.. London, Dec., 8 pp. Discusses the probable outcome of the National Conference on "Agricultural Depression.' RELIGIOUS. Christ, The Divinity of. VI. The Early Church. Andover Rev., Nov., 10 pp. The evidence of the early Church. Dancing in Churches. The Rev. John Morris. Month, London, Dec., 19 pp. Dancing as a religious service. De Rossi and His Work. The Very Rev. Provost Northcote. Month, London, Dec., 10 pp. Death (Physical). Is It a Penalty? Prof. J. Leadingham. Old & New Test. Student, Nov.-Dec., 27 pp. German Catholic Congress of 1892. Ellis Schreiber. Month, London, Dec., 10 pp. Hell, Happiness in. St. George Mivart. XIX Cent., London, Dec., 21 pp. A remarkable article on the future state of the damned. India, Aggressive Christianity in. The Rev. G. F. Pentecost, D.D. Our Day, Maccabean Psalms, Are There? II. Harlan Creelman. Methodism and the Andover Theology. The Rev. J. A. Faulkner. Andover . Mill (John Stuart) and the Theistic Argument. D. S. Gregory, D.D. Christian Thought. Dec., 28 pp. Missions (Earlier Protestant). The Rev. C. C. Starbuck. Andover Rev., Nov., 9 PP, Moses: His Life and Its Lessons. Mark Guy Pearse. Preacher's Mag., Dec., 5 pp. Post-Exilic I.egalism and Post-Exilic Literature. Prof. George H. Schodde, Ph.D. Old & New Test. Student, Nov.-Dec., 5 pp. Religion: Its Future. The Rev. Dr. Momeriè. Fort. Rev., London, Dec., 17 pp. Religious Doubts, The Idealistic Remedy for. Prof. D. W. Simon. Contemp. Rev., London, Dec., 15 pp. Scripture, Essentials and Circumstantials in-Definitions of Inspiration. Joseph Cook. Our Day, Dec., 10 pp. Boston Monday Lecture. Sermon-Making. A Paper for Young Preachers. The Rev. C. O. Eldridge, B.A. Preacher's Mag., Dec., 4% pp. Sermon-Seeds from Ruskin. V.-Help from the Hills. The Rev. Henry Barraclough. Preacher's Mag., Dec., 5% pp. Sermon on the Mount. Eighth Paper. The Rev. Prof. R. Waddy Moss. Preacher's Mag., Dec., 5% PP. Tatian's Diatessaron: Recent Evidence for the Authenticity of the Gospels. Xavier (St. Francis) and the Sanchoan Pilgrimage. Month, London, Dec., 5 pp. Abdomen and Thorax, Wounds and Diseases Involving. J. McFadden Gaston, Alaska aad Its Glaciers. Lady Grey Egerton. Aryan Origins. J. S. Stuart-Glennie. Contemp. Rev., London, Dec., 16 pp. With Map. "Aslasia-Abasia" (So-Called), A Case of. Morton Prince, M.D. Jour. Nervous and Mental Disease, Dec., 4% PP. Evolution and Exact Thought. The Rev. John Gerard. Month, London, Dec., 15 PP Jupiter's New Satellite. Sir Robert Ball, F.R.S. Fort. Rev., London, Dec., 13 pp. Lachish (Old), Excavations at. Chas. F. Kent, Ph.D. Old & New Test. Student, Nov.-Dec., 6 pp. Lick Observatory (the), A Night at. The Rev. Geo. M. Stone, D.D. Worthington's Mag., Jan., 14 pp. Illus. Descriptive. Man, What Was He before He Was ? Richard Abbey, D.D. Christian Thought, Dec., 13 PD. Othæmatoma. Matthew D. Field, M.D. Jour. Nervous and Mental Disease, Dec., 11 pp. Illus, "Philosophy and Physical Science." Mattson Monroe Curtis, M.A., Ph.D. Christian Thought, Dec., 6 pp. Considers the bearing of philosophy upon the physical sciences. Science (Recent). Prince Krapotkin. XIX Cent., London, Dec., 19 pp. Vivisection, The Morality of: Two Replies. Ernest Bell, Chairman Anti-Vivisection Society. Contemp Rev., London, Dec., 6 pp. Women, Clergymen, and Doctors. Ernest Hart, M.D. New Rev., London, Dec,,. Canadian Civilization, Some Contrasts of. Macmillan's, London, Dec., 9 pp. Inebriety, The Equitable Responsibility of. T. L. Wright, M.D. Jour. Nervous and Mental Diseases, Dec., 13 pp. Liquor and Lawlessness at the World's Fair. The Rev. W. F. Crafts. Our Day, Dec., 7 pp. Shop and Girls. Prof. J. H. Hyslop. Christian Thought, Dec., 20 pp. Discusses especially the question of wages. Sins of Society. Ouida. Fort. Rev., London, Dec., 18 pp, Society in 1892. Alexander Henry Wylie, London Society, Dec., 4 pp. Unemployed (The). H. Clarence Bourne. Macmillan's, London, Dec., 10 pp. Florida, The Gay Season in. Harriet Cushman Wilkie. Demorest's Mag., Jan., 10 pp. Illus. Descriptive. How a Man Feels under Fire. Junius Henri Browne. Worthington's Mag., London, Dec., 8 pp. C. Stuart-Wortley, Q.C., M.P. Nat. Rev., Monetary Conference (The International). Prof. H. S. Foxwell. Contemp. Rev., London, Dec., 20 pp. Newfoundland and Its Capital. A. C. Winton. Dominion Illus., Montreal, Dec., 10 pp. Illus. Historical and descriptive. Queen's Highway (The) in the West. Henry J. Woodside. Dominion Illus., Montreal. Dec 5 pp. Illus. Descriptive of important towns on the Canada Pacific Railway. Railway Mismanagement. W. M. Acworth. XIX Cent., London, Dec., 14 pp. Riviera (the), A Bird's-Eye View of. Blackwood's, Edinburgh, Dec., 20 pp. Will's Coffee-House. Temple Bar, London, Dec., 6 pp. Zuyder Zee (the), On the Shores of. G. A. T. Middleton, with a Note by Hubert Vos. Mag. of Art, Jan., 6 pp. Illus. Descriptive. FRENCH AND ITALIAN. SOCIOLOGICAL. Criminal Classes (the), Theory of an Italian Postivist in Regard to. G. Valbert Rev. des Deux Mondes, Paris, Nov. 1, pp. 12. The Italian mentioned is Scipio Sighele, who has published a work on the subject. Prussia, The Agrarian Revolution There in the 19th Century. Godefroy Cavaignac. Rev. des Deux Mondes, Paris, Nov. 1. pp. 18. Claiming that the laws passed in Prussia during the last twenty years have prevented the acquisition of land by small proprietors, which is one of the causes of the large emigration of Germans. Workmen (Unemployed). Maurice Vanlaer. Correspondant, Paris. Oct. 10, pp. 31. Second of a series of papers, relating to means of giving employment to unemployed workmen. UNCLASSIFIED. Melbourne, the Capital of Australia; Its Past and Its Future. Max Beulé. Correspondant, Paris, Oct. 10. pp. 26. Descriptive. Money, The Latin Union About, and the New Monetary Conference. CuchevalClarigny. Rev. des Deux Mondes, Paris, Nov. 1, pp. 22. First of two papers, this one relating to the Latin Union. Sewers, The Question of. J. Fleury. Rev. des Deux Mondes, Paris, Nov. 1, pp. 33. Demonstrating that greatly increased sewerage is indispensable for the health of Paris. Cloister Life in the Days of Cœur de Lion. The Rev. H. D. M. Spence, D.D. J. B. Lippincott Co., Phila. Cloth. Illus., $5. Goal-Pits and Pitmen. A Short History of the Coal-Trade and the Legislation Affecting It. R. Nelson Boyd. Macmillan & Co. Cloth, $1. Columbus, The Letter of, on the Discovery of America, from the Oldest Four Latin Editions in the Lenox Library. Lenox Library. Cloth, 50c. Electric Lighting and Power-Distribution. An Elementary Manual for Students Preparing for the Ordinary Grade-Examination of the City and Guilds of London Institute. Part I. With Original Questions and Ruled Pages for Notes. W. Perren Maycock. Macmillan & Co. Paper, 75c. Ethics, Systems of. A Review of, Founded on the Theory of Evolution. C. M. Williams. Macmillan & Co. Cloth, $2.60. Fencing with Shadows. Hattie Tyng Griswold. Morrill, Higgins, & Co., Chicago. Cloth, $1.25. Fortunatus the Pessimist. Alfred Austin. Macmillan & Co. Cloth, $1.75. Gospel of St. Peter (The Newly Recovered). With a Full Account by J. R. Harris, Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. James Pott & Co. Paper. 50c. His Grace. A Novel. W. E. Norrls. United States Book Co. Cloth. $1.25. History of the United States, From the Compromise of 1850. James Ford Rhodes. Vol. I., 1850-1854; Vol. II., г854-1860. Harper & Bros. Cloth, $5. Indian Religions (The Great). A Popular Account of Brahmanism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism. G. T. Brettany, M. A., B.Sc. Ward, Lock, Bowden, & Co. Cloth, Illus., $1. Institutes of Education; Comprising an Introduction to Rational Psychology. Designed (partly) as a Text-Book for Universities and Colleges. 16mo. S. S. Laurie. Macmillan & Co. Cloth, $1. Love's Delirium. Heinz Fovote. Morrill, Higgins, & Co., Chicago. Paper, Samuel McChord Crothers. George "Members of One Body." Six Sermons. H. Ellis, Boston. Cloth. Military Government and Martial Law. H. E. Birkheimer. J. J. Chapman, Washington. Cloth, $5. Mohammedanism and Other Religions of the Mediterranean Countries. G. T. Brettany, M.A.. B.Sc. Ward, Lock, Bowden, & Co. Cloth, Illus., $1. Nameless Love. Charles Lomon. Morrill, Higgins, & Co., Chicago. Paper, Nineteenth Century Sense. Man and His World. Boushland. Thinkers and Thinking. Hours with John Darby. Odd Hours of a Physician. J. E. Garretson. J. B. Lippincott Co., Phila. New Edition, 6 vols., Cloth, $7.50. One Hundred Riddles of the Fairy Bellaria. Charles Godfrey Leland. J. B. Lippincott Co., Phila. Cloth, 75c. Religions (Primitive). An Introduction to the Study of Religions, with an Account of the Religious Belief of Uncivilized Peoples. G. T. Brettany, M.A., B.Sc. Ward, Lock, Bowden, & Co. Cloth, Illus., $1. Road, Track, and Stable, Chapters About Horses and Their Treatmeut. H. C. Merwin. Little, Brown, & Co., Boston, Cloth, $2. Sea Power, The Influence of, upon the French Revolution and Empire. Capt. A. T. Mahan, U. S. Navy. Little, Brown, & Co., Boston. 2 Vols., Cloth, $6. Tanner (American). Containing Quick and Handy Methods of Curing, Tan. ning, and Coloring Skins. N. R. Briggs. Dick & Fitzgerald. Paper, Illus., 25c. Visible University (The). Chapters on the Origin and Construction of the Heavens. With Stellar Photographs and other Illustrations. I. Ellard Gore. Macmillan & Co. Cloth, $3.75. Wages, The Theory of, and Its Application to the Eight-Hour Question and Other Labour Problems. Herbert Thompson. Macmillan & Co. Cloth, $1. Current Events. Wednesday, December 14. The Senate discusses the Anti-Option Bill and the McGarrahan Claim................ The House passes the Army Appropriation Bill, calling for $24,202,739...... Speaker Crisp declines to make public a letter received by him from Mr. Anderson of the Reform Club.. The Regents of the University of the State of New York hold services in memory of George William Curtis and Francis Kernan......The proceedings of the Archbishop's conference at which Mgr. Satolli explained his mission are made public......Messrs. Depew, Roberts, and Ingalls make arguments before the Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce......Annual meeting of the Boston and Maine Railroad, at Lawrence, Mass......In New York City, Dr. Briggs continues his defense before the New York Presbytery...... The Fourth Avenue Presbyterian Church calls the Rev. Dr. John R. Davies, of Tyrone, Pa., to its pastorate. It is rumored that President Carnot, of France, will soon resign......MM. Rouvier, Clemenceau, and Constans give testimony before the Panama Canal Investigating Committee......A colliery explosion in Wigan, England, causes large loss of life......Debate on the German Army Bill is continued in the Reichstag, Thursday, December 15. In the Senate, there is further discussion of the McGarrahan Claim and Anti-Option Bills: both go over till Monday...... The House passes a resolution to adjourn from the Thursday before Christmas to the Wednesdey after New Year's......Senator Randall L. Gibson, of Louisiana, dies at Hot Springs, Ark...... Ex-Congressman Leopold Morse dies in Boston...... Boston merchants celebrate their anniversary dinner......The State Forest Commission announce that they will offer at auction upwards of 50,000 acres of Adirondack lands......In New York City, a woman secures the escape of a prisoner from a Tombs keeper, by forcibly holding the latter......Elliott F. Shepard gets a verdict in the Gray suit......Annual dinner of Williams College Alumni. The French Chamber decides, 271 to 265, against the proposition to invest the Panama Investigation Committee with judicial powers......The Committee of the International Monetary Conference makes its report, which formulates no plan; Senator Jones and others address the Conference...... The reported attempt to assassinate the President of Hayti is confirmed......Dr. Charles Emanuel Schenk is elected President of the Swiss Confederation. Friday, December 16. The Congressional Joint Committee on Immigration listens to arguments of the steamship companies against the proposed suspension of immigration. ......The proposed lease of the Connecticut River Railroad to the New Haven road is defeated by the purchase of a majority of the stock of the former road for the Boston and Maine...... Archbishop Ireland makes a statement regarding Mgr. Satolli's powers......It is said that a Boston syndicate will built a boat to defend the America's cup...... In New York City, Cornelius Vanderbilt gives $5,000 to the Police Pension Fund. MM. Charles de Lesseps, Fontane, and Sans-Leroy are arrested for alleged connection with the Panama Canal frauds; the police search many houses and secure fourteen van-loads of documents bearing on the scandal...... There are further cases of cholera in Hamburg.. The King of Dahomey has 2,000 armed troops with him, and it is expected that he will give the French more trouble. Saturday, December 17. In Pittsburgh, the hearing in the Homestead poisoning cases takes place; one of the principals testifies to a plot to poison non-union workmen......The Indiana Supreme Court declares unconstitutional the Apportionment Act passed by the Democratic Legislature two years ago...... The anniversary of Whittier's birthday is observed with memorial exercises at Amesbury, Mass. .The will of D. E. Crouse is offered for probate in Syracuse; the executors say they know of no next of kin " nearer than cousins...... Father Corrigan's objection to Vicar-General O'Connor acting as judge at his trial is sustained by the referees...... Walter G. Oakman sues the directors of the Richmond Terminal Company, charging them with defrauding it of $7,000,000. ..... The Monetary Conference reserves final judgment on the propositions submitted, and votes to resume its sittings May 13th next......M. Drumont's paper says the aggregate amount of the Panama Canal Company's bribes is 20,000,000 francs...... The British Cabinet discusses the Home Rule Bill...... An American steamer sinks a Spanish steamer in Manila Bay. Sunday, December 18. James G. Blaine is dangerously ill at his home in Washington, and at one time was thought to be dying......It is said that the Reading Railroad will spend $1,000,000 for terminal improvements at Buffalo......Eight men are killed and several injured in a wreck on the Great Northern Railway at Nelson, Minn...... At an amateur theatrical performance near Elgin, Ill., Mr. Jones, who played the villain, instructs the heroine to strike hard in the stabbing scene and "make it realistic;" his wound is serious though not necessarily fatal......In New York City, an Italian woman dies from the results of a beating received at the hands of one of her countrywomen. Bail is refused in the case of Charles de Lesseps and the other Panama Canal officers under arrest in Paris...... The reports from Hamburg show twenty-five cases of cholera and two deaths last week. Monday, December 19. In the Senate, the death of Mr. Gibson, of Louisiana, is announced, and an immediate adjournment follows......In the House, a Bill increasing the pensions of Mexican War veterans is passed; a Bill to extend Ross Winan's patent covering whalebacks is defeated...... Mr. Blaine is better, though his condition is still critical......The funeral of Senator Gibson takes place at Lexington, Ky...... New requirements for examination are noted in the annual Yale catalogue......In New York City, Dr. Briggs closes his speech in his own defense before the Presbytery... Appropriations are made for several of the city departments; the Metropolitan Museum of Art is allowed $70,000...... Frederick McGuire is executed at Sing Sing. M. Charles de Lesseps testifies before the Committee concerning the blackmail levied on the Panama Canal Company......Italian emigration societies are notified to cease booking steerage passengers for American ports......An agreement for releasing the Irish fund in Paris is said to have been signed. Tuesday, December 20. In the Senate, the sale of Brooklyn Navy Yard land is authorized; the Bill to repeal the Federal Election Law is discussed; an effort to take up the New York and New Jersey Bridge Bill is defeated; the Anti Option Bill is discussed; Mr. Cullom introduces amendments to the Interstate Commerce Law ..Mr. Blaine's condition is practically unchanged... .....Two United States deputy marshals and three desparadoes are killed in a fight in Wyoming.. In New York City, the Bar Association asks the Governor not to appoint Judge Maynard to the Court of Appeals vacancy......The Chamber of Commerce adopts the report favoring a National guarantee system. ... M. Rouvier's speech in his own defense in the French Chamber of Deputies raises a tumult; members go wild with excitement and recklessly unbridle their tongues; several duels are on the tapis......A Cabinet crisis is said to be pending in Portugal..... It is announced that the Vatican regards Monsignor Satolli's mission to America as successful. VOL. VI. NO. 9. NEW YORK. DEC. 31, 1892 Entered at New York Post Office as Second Ciass Matter. Published Weekly by the FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, 18 and 20 Astor Place, New York. London: 44 Fleet Street. Toronto: 11 Richmond Street, West. Subscription price, $3.00 per year. Single Copies, 10 cents. Renewals.-Two weeks after the receipt of a remittance, the extension of the subscription will be indicated by the yellow label on the wrapper. Discontinuances.-The publishers must positively receive notice by letter or postal-card, whenever a subscriber wishes his paper discontinued. =2RELIGIOUS: Appleton's Hand-Book of American Winter-Resorts....................... 243 Essays, New and Old........................ 243 PRESS. 248 248 The Restoration of Dr. McGlynn 248 The New York Cathedral... 248 The Canton Affair. An Interesting Manuscript. FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL: The Silver Question..... . 249 MISCELLANEOUS : Christmastide Thoughts.. 249 The Ridiculous French Duel.... 249 National Quarantine........... ....... 250 Presbyterian Opinion on the Family Finances................. 250 Smith Case ........... 247. The Cedar of I.ebanon........... 250 INDEX TO PERIODICAL LITERATURE............ 251 BOOKS OF THE WEEK........... 252 CURRENT EVENTS 252 THE EXPLOSION IN THE FRENCH CHAMBER. LOUIS JOUBERT. Translated and Condensed for THE LITERARY DIGEST from a Paper (10 pp.) in Le Correspondant, Paris, November 25. LL interest in home and foreign politics has ceased in the on gigantic terrible explosion of the latest anarchist bomb, in spite of the victims it made, was as nothing alongside the formidable explosion which has just taken place in open Parliament, causing mortal wounds in all the chief officials of the Republic and even in the Republic itself. After the spot of blood comes the torrent of mud! And still blood is mingled with the filth, for there is already a corpse in this mire, and it is impossible now to foresee where the consequence of this frightful catastrophe will stop. The session of the Chamber at which the bomb of the scandal exploded will long remain one of the most painful and humiliating which the parliamentary annals of any people can record. Since the day when Cromwell, sweeping out the contemptible legislators of the Long Parliament, reviled each of them; "You, I know you; you are a thief! You are a swindler! You are a drunkard! You are an adulterer!" I do not think there has ever been a scene like that of the session of November 21, when a Deputy declared in the presence of his colleagues: “There are among us one hundred and fifty who have pocketed Panama money, in order to authorize the most colossal swindle of this century!" After having put the members of the Rump in the gutter, Cromwell had put up over the door of the empty buing a sign, with the simple inscription: A Chamber To Let..bove the colonnade of the Palais Bourbon, you could not to-day inscribe even, A Chamber For Sale, but only, A Chamber Sold. For lack of a Cromwell to clean out the dung of this stable, we must hope that the public honesty will take charge of the next election. No one has escaped accusation, beginning with President Floquet himself, and going on to former Ministers, of whom one received 400,000 francs. It was not the living alone who were dishonored; the dead were befouled as well. Every one sold himself at his own valuation-this one for 200,000 francs, that one for 300,000, another for a still higher price. With how much reason the philosopher said: The most profitable trade in the world would be to buy men at their real value, and sell them at the value they put on themselves! What a pretty scene was that of the Parliamentary Committee of eleven members, discussing the question as to whether the Panama Company should be authorized to emit shares by lot! Five members were in favor of giving such authority, five were opposed. Everything depended on the eleventh man. Like a prudent and sensible fellow, he trotted off to the Panama Company to offer his services for 200,000 francs, and returned forthwith to make the scales incline to the right side! It was an open market, where work which is usually accomplished in the dark was done without shame in the full light of day. A well-known member of the Stock Exchange was put in charge of the enterprise, and, with his check-book in hand, he went about the legislative benches just as, at Tattersall's, the animals, in line in stalls, are inspected with a price affixed. So much for this mare, so much for that colt! "The Chamber," said the accuser, I can be divided into two parts; those who have taken Panama money and those who have not." The accuser was mistaken. He forgot a third group; those who would have liked nothing better than to take some of the money. The most marked characteristic of this strange affair is that the public sees no improbability in the imputations, and gives full credence to all the infamous rumors. Is it true, as is persistently affirmed, that M. Floquet, when he was Prime Minister, compelled the Panama cow to yield him 300,000 francs to use in fighting the Paris candidacy of General Boulanger? Is it true that out of this sum M. Floquet gave 100,000 francs to one evening newspaper and 100,000 francs to one morning paper, reserving the balance to help the official candidacy of M. Jacques? Even if this account of the disposition of the money be exact, it cannot be too loudly proclaimed that the responsibility of a Minister is nowise diminished because he uses money thus extorted to aid his political plans, in place of employing it for his own needs or personal pleasures. The Panama strong-box was not a State bank into which the depositaries of France could put their hands, but the treasury of a private enterprise, the funds of which were destined for a particular purpose and belonged to the shareholders exclusively. We remember a debate in the Corps Legislatif in the time of the Empire. The question under discussion was the contested election of M. Isaac Péreire for a department of the South. He was reproached with having aided the vote by his great fortune, and defended himself with energy. 'Money," he was imprudent enough to say, "has in my election played but a very small part." Up rose Jules Favre and thundered out: “Well, sir, it must not play any." This single word made such an impression that the majority did not dare to disregard it and the election was declared void. It Five of the administrators of Panama are charged with employing fraudulent manœuvres. These manoeuvres are laws voted by the Chamber and authority granted by the Government. is, then, the whole official world, we may almost say the system of government itself, which is the cause of this ignoble business. It is not in the Denmark of Shakespeare alone that there is something rotten, but in our Republic. Never did the Chagres, that devastating torrent which, it is said, renders the cutting of the projected canal impossible, carry to the sea such a mass of stinking filth as the tribune of the Chamber has seen pass at its foot during the last two days. God alone knows what a river of mud is going to flow as a result of the action of the Investigating Committee. THE UNHAPPY CONDITION OF FRANCE. Translated and Condensed for THE LITERARY DIGEST from a Paper (2 pp.) in Revue Bleue, Paris, December 3. E XCEPT defamers and lovers of scandal, no one can be satisfied with the political condition in which we are. Not only has there been a ministerial crisis, even before the debate on the Budget has begun, not only is the political truce upon which every one counts on the approach of New Year's Day no longer observed, but there reigns in all minds the greatest disorder. To what is due this crumbling to pieces of the forces of France, this apparent dissolution of a society, so thoroughly alive and so laborious? Is it the Panama affair? People are tempted to believe it because there is a natural tendency to The cause of exaggerate the importance of current events. the evil, however, lies farther back than the Panama matter, much further back. The special cause of the difficulty is that the Ministers who have succeeded each other since the last Parliamentary elections have lacked the vigor necessary to steer and lead the majority in the Chamber of Deputies, age and take the attitude of dictators. All that we ask of our governors is to make the law and all the laws respected. The republican government which shall say, “I am a government of liberty; France enjoys at this moment an amount of liberty which it has never known at any preceding time; but I do not permit any one to violate the law, because the law is the guarantee of individual liberty, the refuge and safeguard for us all;" -the government which shall say that, and act in conformity with its declaration, will be saluted and hailed as a liberator. Where are we to-day? Has there not been a series of concessions and weaknesses, which have brought us to the crisis which exists? Was not the strike at Carmaux a conclusive demonstration of the powerlessness of the Government? Is there not a law which confines syndicates to the exercise of certain express powers? Has that law been respected? Is there not a law which punishes abusive words addressed to the representatives of authority? Has that law been respected? Have the commissions of the mayors who refused to publish ministerial circulars been revoked? After this, no one can be astonished that such an attenuated Government could not muster the energy necessary to face resolutely the Panama question. This burning question should have been solved by the Government itself. The parliamentary inquiry which the Chamber has been allowed to make is something which the Government itself should have done. It has a carefully selected judiciary; it has in its hands all the legal means of information and repression, and it abandons its powers to a Committee, the first public act of which was to put out the Ministry. At this moment, it cannot be said that Parliament governs, for there is no government in France. Yet Parliament reigns. Its Committee reigns over the ruins of the Ministry and of the judiciary which the Committee replaces. Another step, and we shall have a Committee of Public Safety. We should have had that already, if we had but one Chamber. The Senate, which has heretofore rendered the country so many good services, has rendered us one more, by interposing to prevent a Parliamentary dictatorship. Nevertheless we shall infallibly reach that point, if we have not the courage to put things back in their places. THE FRANCO-RUSSIAN ALLIANCE AND THE Translated and Condensed for THE LITERARY DIGEST from a Paper (48 ppin V. [We will not follow this history into all the details of the last decade. It is mainly a history of Russian intrigue to undermine the Ottoman Empire and create such disorganization in the States of the Balkan Peninsula as is consistent with Russia's views that she is the rightful successor to the "Sick Man." We have already devoted an unusually large space to the article and will pass on to the writer's view of the present situation.] Things are not as they were three years ago, at the beginning of this legislature. Since the Sovereign Pontiff spoke, the old parties on the Right are nearly in a state of dissolution; they no longer find candidates to offer for the suffrages of the elecseats. There are not now the tors in the elections for single pose the principle of republican recent opposition of the young-Ceze in its parengta The Chamber fifty who oppose institutions. In order to have the shape of a government at all, the Republic must, first and above all, allow no part of the central power to be weakened by petty insurrections on the part of the local powers. For making itself obeyed and respected, the present Government has an advantage possessed by none of its predecessors. It speaks in the name neither of a family nor of a dynasty; it does not subordinate itself to any personal interest. Those who represent it speak in the name of all Frenchmen. It is the common interest of the country, it is the patrimony belonging to us all, which the Government defends. For an impersonal government, the one quality absolutely necessary is firmness. To show firmness, it is quite needless to display heroic cour-. THE HE Triple Alliance stands unshaken strength. recent of the young-Czechish party in Austria only served to demonstrate the strength of Kalnoky's position and to draw from him assurances that the Allies reposed such perfect confidence in each other's support and good faith, that written stipulations were of little significance. The inner development of the Triple Alliance, beyond the limits of its written provisions, is only the more flourishing ir the face of the Franco-Russian Alliance. The visit of the French fleet to Cronstadt was without the slightest result the French exhibition in Moscow designed to foster the Alliance was a fiasco; and the contemplated finance operatior in Paris was shattered by Rothschild's opposition. It was to remove the ill-effect of this last failure that the fleet was sen to Cronstadt. The Czar was by no means pleased with the intimation of the French intentions, but the visit could no T be refused without discourtesy. It was a brilliant affair, and the Czar actually stood with uncovered head while the forbidden Marseillaise was sung. The Court was glad when it was all over; the Russians consoling themselves with the reflection that after all this demonstration the success of the Russian 500 mill. loan was at least assured. Vain hope. The public, in spite of all encouragement, were so very chary about investing in it that the Russian Finance Minister withdrew 200 mill, from a steadily falling market. Then came the Russian famine, and the demonstrated incompetence of the Government to deal with the terrible emergency. The fact that a nation credited with so much power should have forty million of its people starving for want of facilities for the transportation of available supplies, could not be without its impression even in France. In spite of every effort of the Press to conceal the actual condition of affairs, the strongest and most independent paper, the Westnik Fewropy, asserted that there must be no thought of foreign undertakings until domestic difficulties should be healed. When the French saw the turn affairs were taking, they, too, realized that a Russian alliance would hardly have the worth they had been disposed to attach to it. On the other side, the French contribution to the famine-fund was niggardly, while the English, animated purely by a spirit of humanity, gave with open hand. The Russian people naturally instituted comparisons unfavorable to their would-be allies. The French enthusiasni was crushed and the Figaro of July 14, in its much-talkedof article "Alliance ou flirt," voiced the popular demand for something tangible, in lieu of meaningless courtesies. France would help Russia as the price of a close alliance. This intimation made a very unfavorable impression on the Czar, his paper the Grashdanin, stamped the proposal as childish, and remarked that "if France thought she could pledge Russia for purely French designs she was surely counting without her host. The Czar's only desire was to maintain peace. It was to this end that he had cultivated a good understanding with France, because he deemed her necessary to the maintenance of the European balance of power, but he had no thoughts of making her quarrels his, or to regard her recovery of AlsaceLorraine as a Russian question. The Parisians may rest assured that Russia would not go beyond an entente morale to preserve the balance of power which is liable to be upset at any moment." Another article in the same paper commented scornfully on the idea that "Russia should provoke the hostility of Europe for an ally which, under a change of government to-morrow, would as readily sell the Russian Treaty to England as it yesterday sold the secrets of the war-ministry to Germany." This was plain speaking and was emphasized by the pledge of the Czar to Emperor Wilhelm in Kiel, that he would not draw the sword to help France win back Alsace-Lorraine. The relations between France and Russia are on a very different footing from the relations subsisting between the States of the Triple Alliance. And what has France gained by her court of Russian friendship? She has relinquished her traditional policy of being the leading Catholic State; she has ceased to regard with horror the idea that she should help plant the Grecian cross on the dome of St. Sophia or advance the influence of schismatics in Syria. Modern France prided herself as the champion of liberal ideas and sided with the oppressed Poles. Napoleon III. advanced French influence in the East through the Crimean War and the expedition to Syria, and even Gambetta, with all his hatred of the Clericals, would, like Napoleon I., maintain the inflnence of the "grand clientèle catholique de la France." The fanatical advocates of a Russian alliance have forgotten all this. While they banish religion from their schools at home, they are prepared to help Russia in her propaganda of the orthodox faith in the East. Radical Democrats glorify the most corrupt despotism in Europe; ignore the Russian oppression of Protestants, CathoLics, and Jews, and second a policy of outrage to destroy the . autonomy of Bulgaria. And all they have won is a cool rejection of their proffered love; while in the event of a real war France would incur the maximum of danger with the minimum prospect of reward. Russia neither could nor would help France, her interests are purely Oriental, and she would use France only to take the chestnuts out of the fire, by dividing the forces of the Allies. THE ENDLESS SCREW. Translated and Condensed from a Paper in Die Nation, Berlin, December. THE plea for army-extension is always the same: We want peace. Peace is not immediately imperilled, but it is— under existing European conditions-a very brittle thing. If war come it will be a struggle for existence. To prevent war, we must be so thoroughly armed that other nations will have no encouragement to assail us; and if war should break out, we must guard against the risk of defeat by being as fully equipped as our resources admit. This argument has afforded the ground for all the military demands of the last twenty years. It was the argument advanced last Wednesday by Count Caprivi as the basis of the military programme which he presented to the Reichstag in a two-hours' speech. The Chancellor has evidently been concerned to push the argument to its logical conclusion. The end will presumably be reached when the last man capable of bearing arms shall be drilled, and fully equipped to the last gaiter-button. In this sense the Chancellor characterizes the governmental proposals for the reorganization of the army, as the means necessary to render all the forces of the country available for the defense of the Fatherland, and should a catastrophe nevertheless result he will be able to console himself with the reflection that he has done his utmost. But just here lies the political fallacy: there is no absolute limit to the capacity of endurance of even great nations. Everybody knows the story of the steamer whose coal gave out, but which, nevertheless, reached the port on time. The captain burned the furniture, then the combustible portion of the cargo, and, finally, the wood-work of the steamer. Even so may a State enter on the struggle for existence by measures which involve the destruction of its own vital forces. Such heroic measures have been actually resorted to in wars a l'outrance; and should the threatened European war really break out, Germany will have no alternative than to fight to exhaustion. In popular phraseology, the last man and the last groschen must be staked on the salvation of the country. But even at the close of the struggle there is a limit to the sacrifices which a nation is called on to make rather than submit to defeat; how much more, then, is this the case in time of peace when it is not a question of coming victorious out of the struggle or of preserving the national existence from imminent peril, but rather a question of a civilized people, whose chief concern is to provide for continued healthy development? From this point of view the question of the extent to which the forces of the country may be diverted in preparation for a possible war, admits of no definite answer. The views on this subject are liable to change with changing events. The provision which seems sufficient to-day may be deemed inadequate to-morrow. Indeed the same men frequently change their views while the conditions remain unchanged. We may consequently regard Count Caprivi's present measure of reorganization as only another turn of the endless screw. After Count Caprivi there may arise other specialists, thoroughly saturated with the conviction that the present demands are inadequate to the requirements of the case, We know, indeed, from the Chancellor's latest speech that three years ago, the Prussian Ministry-Prince Bismarck at its head-had thoroughly convinced itself that a hundred million marks, |