drink traffic and stimulated all legitimate | have accepted, though with a wry face, the | that it would be absolutely impossible for them business. new burdens which the project imposes, if to agree upon any practical plan of administhere had been given to the people any con- tering the Government. Like oil and water, cessions, particularly in relation to length of these two hostile elements will not mix; and no VERY SAD STATE of Things in NORTH DA-service. On this point, however, no guarantee political chemist in France has as yet found an KOTA.-In sizing up the situation that is in has been given, and, what is worse, it is an agency that could fuse them into one body. sight in North Dakota politics and policies, nounced that new taxes will be laid on beer, Each faction hates and distrusts the other owing to the late election, it is to be observed brandy, and the operations of the stock ex- more than either has reason to hate and disthat the crank is on top. Radical and experi- change, which will be added to the aggravation trust the Republicans. In this situation the mental legislation will presumably take the of the military service, for it is the intention worst the Extremists could do would be to vote place of conservatism, and all the isms and of the Government to do nothing less than one Republican Ministry out in order to put nostrums that are the stock in trade of the pro- subject to a term of military service all men of another in. The evidence of this is to be seen fessional political quack and cure-all will be the age of twenty-one who are physically in the exchange of the Loubet-Ribot Cabinet applied to the body politic for the relief of the sound. That is a hard thing to swal- for the Ribot-Loubet Cabinet. But even facdown-trodden and oppressed people of the low, and we can understand why the tion grows tired of this sort of play; and the State. The motto now is, "Vox Eli, vox pop- Government this time shrank from em- oftener it should be repeated the stronger uli," since for the next two years Eli Short- ploying the imperial style. It remains to would the Republic become. ridge, as Governor, will execute the law as be seen whether this insinuating fashion of construed by his Attorney-General, who claims appearing before the Reichstag will be any to be a lineal descendant of the old Puritan, more successful than the old way. In the Miles Standish, assisted in the general admin- speech on the Army Bill which Chancellor Capstration of affairs by the crankiest lot of cranks rivi made the next day, he declined to follow Illustrated News of the World, Dec. 17.on the Prohibition question that ever infested the tactics of Prince Bismarck and cry wolf! The French troops commanded by General a State.-Dispatch from Bismarck, New York like the shepherd of the fable. On the con- Dodds in West Africa have completed their Times, Dec. 14. trary, he said that the present situation was victorious operations against the native kingvery satisfactory and there was no immediate dom of Dahomey by entering its capital, the danger of war; but, in view of the future, town of Abomey, on Nov. 17, taking possesthe Chancellor warmly invited Parlia- sion of the sites and ruins of the royal palaces, ment to examine the projected reform which King Behanzin had burned when he fled and to vote the increase of the efnorthward, accompanied by the princes and fective army, however heavy might be the chiefs, and the small remnant of his defeated increased burdens on the taxpayers. What he army. Benhanzin had offered to capitulate, particularly spoke of was the defective organ- but the French demands were that all his solNot only is its organization inferior to that of rendered, that hostages should be sent into the ization of the German army at this moment. diers' firearms and artillery should be surthe French army, but in order to withstand French camp,and that a large pecuniary indemthat army numerically Germany will be ob-nity should be paid by installments; and, these liged, at the first outbreak of war, to call out conditions not being fully conceded, on Nov. its reserves, that is the Landwehr and even 15 hostilities were resumed. General Dodds has the Landsturm. This was evidently not an now proclaimed the whole territory of Daho FOREIGN MATTERS. If THE CONQUEST OF DAHOMEY. THE GERMAN ARMY BILL. Munich Neueste Nachrichten, Nov. 25. Caprivi's speech is considered in a calm and critical spirit, it must be concluded that the chief thing which he set out to demonstrate, the necessity of so large an increase of the effective strength of the army, has hardly been presented by him in any new light. He summed up what had already been said on various sides in favor of the military proposition. Still optimistic discourse, and there is but slight mey in French occupation, and his project is it cannot be doubted that this summing up will probability of its making a good impression to join the coast territories, with Whydah, to produce a deeper impression than was made by Chancellor has been a little more explicit than the kingdom will be cut up into three indeon the country. It is right to add that the the French possessions of Benin. The rest of the scattered pleas in favor of the Government's the official newspapers, when speaking of a pendent provinces. Allada would be the capi demands that preceded it. Moreover, no one reduction of service to two years for the in- tal of one, Abomey that of another, and the can deny that many of the arguments offered fantry. This, however, was only a moral en-third division, including the valley of the by the Chancellor commend themselves as ungagement, without any binding foree on the Ueme, would have as its chief place some vilquestionably sound and worthy of serious consideration. In particular, it seems to us that part of the Government, and it is hardly prob- lage situated near Tohue. The Decam counthere is no means of getting around the fact able that the adversaries of the military reor-try, now quite submissive, would be replaced ganization will be content with it. that Germany, as the one State of the Triple have been guilty in such circumstances. While rest to under King Toffa's authority. French resi- MISCELLANEOUS. resources. SOUTHERN PROGRESS. SCARLET FEver and DIPHTHERIA IN LON to keep the scourge outside its imaginary | so hateful to him that he wishes her dead. The limits. In such matters the extreme State world is hardly shocked at exhibitions of this sovereignty notion is bound to prove inade-kind. It is inclined rather to laugh at the NATIONAL QUARANTINE. quate. An analogous though less consequen- ridiculousness of the exhibition. It does not New York Record and Guide, Dec. 10.-The tial instance is furnished by the irrigation upbraid; it becomes scornful and contempturecommendation which the President makes in problem of the trans-Mississippi West, where ous. Figuratively, it delivers upon the letterhis message, for the control of quarantine by a State, having within its boundaries the head-writer long, juicy kicks, and the poor, conthe national authorities, is one which should waters of an important waterway, may, if it temptible devil suffers more by reason of this. receive hearty popular support. Our experi- chooses, seriously affect the prosperity of an attitude of his fellow-men than if he were lecence last summer surely made it quite clear other State farther down the course of the tured by a synod of moralists. that an effective quarantine could not be main-stream by checking or diverting a large protained in the case of a severe epidemic by the portionate volume of water at certain stages number of unrelated Statc and local Boards of of the agricultural season. Already a plan for Health, each working according to somewhat inter-State control of these rivers has been different methods, and all with unequal ef- formulated, and precisely so we must contemficiency and unequal Seaboard plate an inter-State or Federal arrangement to quarantine is not a local affair. The health of keep out cholera next year. The menace is a the entire country is concerned in the efficient real and serious one, and the public welfare administration of adequate protective regula- demands the adoption of a comprehensive tions at even the smallest port of entry. Suf- plan like that incorporated in the bill now beficient medical skill, and ample resources, propfore Congress. erly directed, should be available, wherever needed, independent of any merely local requirements. But more than all this, to secure the utmost efficiency, the quarantine system of the country should be a unified system, all its parts tral authority. We pointed out last week what was the proper field for local activity in quarantine matters. Local Boards of Health should exist even in small towns, and these could complete and secure the work done by the national Government, by keeping strict surveillance on immigrants that have been allowed to pass the seaboard line, until all danger of disease is passed. This is really the most important work of quarantine. As things were last summer, if cholera had broken out in any one of hundreds of our cities, small towns, and villages of some size, the disease would have had the fullest scope. No medical or hospital organization of any kind existed; no ambulance, no equipment for fumigation. The safety of the country depended upon the work of a number of inefficient, local medical officers at loggerheads with the national authorities. coördinated and in direct relation with a cen Baltimore News, Dec. 9.-Mr. Rayner's bill provides for the establishment of a National Board of Health as a Bureau of the Treasury Department. Its executive officers are to be a Commissioner of Quarantine, a Commissioner of Vital Statistics, and a Commissioner of Sanitation. They are to be assisted by an Advisory Commission, including among its members the Surgeons-General of the Navy, the Army, and the Marine Hospital. The Board is given full power to prescribe regulations to govern vessels arriving from foreign ports. It is especially important that this bill be passed at an early date. The people must be effectually protected from any fear of a cholera outbreak next spring, and foreigners intending to visit the Chicago Exposition must be assured that they can do so without being subjected to unIt has been well said that necessary detention. "the people want protection against pestilence without distinction of party." It is to be hoped, therefore, that Republicans will join with Democrats in supporting Mr. Rayner's bill and that its passage may not long be deferred. DON.-We have been looking into the facts as to the relative per-case mortality of scarlet fever and diphtheria in the metropolis during recent weeks, and the results are sufficiently The highest perstriking to merit record. case mortality from the former disease within the ten weeks ended Nov. 19 was 4.4 per cent. in that very week, during which over 700. cases were notified, and 32 deaths were recorded; the lowest rate being 2.5 per cent. in. the week ended Sept. 24, with 27 deaths and General's report has some interesting feat-of ten weeks, close upon 9,000 cases occurred, St. Paul Daily News.-The Postmaster- upwards of 1,000 cases. In the whole period ures which show the growth of the country and the deaths numbered 314, yielding a perAt case mortality of 3.5 per cent. in population and business importance. the end of the fiscal year there were 67,119 Post-offices in the whole country, a net increase of 2,790 during the year, though during the year 4,105 offices were established, a greater number than in any previous year, except 1889, when the new offices were 4.427. The increased demand for postal facilities in the Southern States commands attention, as in six States, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, North Carolina, Mississippi, and Texas, 1,118 fore having only 220. added in portions beIn eight of the Southern States there are in each new offices were more This forms a strong contrast to the 2,000 and odd cases of diphtheria, with 450 deaths, and a mortality of 21.2 per cent., ranging from 16.3 in the last week of the ten, to 33.3 in the preceding week. Thus for the ten weeks as a whole, diphtheria was a little in excess of six times more fatal. than scarlet fever in the metropolis, having less than one-fourth the number of cases, and 143 deaths to each 100 from scarlet fever.British Medical Journal. ENRICHING the Desert.-There is a lesson The Colorado carries the outflow than 2,000 post-offices. These are Alabama, on the possibility of utilizing the forces of na- FOOLISH LETTER-WRITERS. 44 which the arid desert needs to make it blossom like the rose is moisture. Upon the subsidenceof the waters in that barren region an immediate growth of verdure followed where, as far back as the memory of man runs there had been nothing but barren and shifting sands. The Colorado, like the Nile, carries in its flood a burden of silt which when deposited on the desert sands results in almost immediate productiveness. The discovery has been followed by schemes to utilize the overthe score that its magnitude may endanger its flow. The main one is only to be criticised on success. It proposes an irrigating canal 120 feet wide, 12 feet deep, and 126 miles long, by which an immense area will be made producexpected for such projects. They give the tive. The highest success is to be hoped and garden, but of improving the climate conditions. promise not only of turning the desert into a so that the burning regions of Arizona will bein the world. Such results are greater victories: come the most delightful and equable localities than those ever won in war.-Pittsburgh Dispatch. cold type is the most grotesquely absurd perChicago Times.-An erotic composition in formance of which the human mind is capable. It seems almost punishment enough for a man which knows him as engaged in sober business if he have any sensibility that to a community his name publicly appears appended to a lovetion, containing the postscript: "I have just sick or, perhaps, love-successful communicabought some roses and send some kisses-a Providence Journal, Dec. 10.-Doubtless we million nice, long, juicy ones, such as you and shall be assailed with the opposition of those I only know how to give." When in the ardor inveterate defenders of State's Rights in Con- of his affection he sets down for perusal by his gress who are accustomed to view with re- light of love the statement, You are the gret every extension of the Federal power beacon-light that steers my craft safely into and consequent subordination of the authority port," and when the fact is that the beaconof individual Commonwealths, but we have light steers his craft not into port but into THE TRANSVAAL RAILWAY.-The new Transgone too far in this direction in the past and court, the folly of his erotic and erratic vaal Railway which is being constructed is the for less imperative reasons to be very squeam- course is plainly discernible. There outcome of a concession which was recently ish now. Our Inter-State Commerce Law and are serious as well as ridiculous sides obtained by a Liége magnate, who purposes. the various measures adopted by Congress to to letters of this kind. When a lover assures building a line 1,400 kilometres, or 875 miles,. secure pure food products for the whole his paramour that he hopes the steamer bear-long, connecting Delagoa Bay with Pretoria.. people are familiar examples of the com- ing his wife from Europe will go to the bottom, the Transvaalian capital, and serving several pleteness with which we have rejected and then conjures a false wife to "be a good, important gold and diamond mining districts. the anti-Federal idea when State legis true woman, and I will adore and care for you The first section of 187 miles from Komati lation has proved insufficient and inef- all my life," the woman who could believe him Port to Selati is to be constructed first, the fective. Nobody needs to be reminded that must be hopelessly a fool; yet such is the de- remaining 688 miles later; and it is the perma-the cholera germ is no respecter of artificial pravity of human nature when passion is in nent-way material for the first portion of the boundaries, and that if we continue our volved that it may be true that the recipient of railway that has been ordered in England. Alpresent lax system of local quarantines this assurance, false to her own husband, though Belgian capital is conducting the enternext year every separate State may be receives with grim satisfaction the assurance of prise, a British engineer is superintending the put to infinite bother and expense in its attempts her paramour that his true and lawful wife is building of the line.-London Iron. Index to Periodical Literature. AMERICAN AND ENGLISH. BIOGRAPHICAL. Arnold of Rugby, Educational Influence of. Goldwin Smith. Educational Rev.. Dec., 5 pp. Neumann John N.), A Saintly Bishop. The Rev. Joseph Wüst, C.SS. R. Catholic World, Dec., 19 pp. With Portrait. Wadhams (Edgar P.), First Bishop of Ogdensburg, Reminiscences of. The Rev. C. A. Walworth. Catholic World, Dec., 10 pp. Whittier John Greenleaf). Harriet A. Sawyer. Chaperone, Nov., 41⁄2 pp. Illus. Reminiscences of the poet. EDUCATION, LITERATURE, AND ART. Antigone (The) of Sophocles and Shakespeare's Isabel. William L. Sheldon. Architectural Aberrations. Architectural Record, Dec., 3 pp. Architecture (Bad) Various Causes for. Wm. Nelson Black, Record, Dec., 19 pp. tive. Architectural Boy Choirs in St. Louis. Frank Orff. Chaperone, Nov., 13 pp. Illus. DescripByzantine Architecture. Part III. Prof. Aitchison. Architectural Record, Dec., 16 pp. Cathedrals (French). Barr Ferree. Architectural Record, Dec., 11 pp. Chatterton. Arthur L. Salmon. Poet-Lore, Dec., 6% pp. An estimate of the work of the "Marvelous Boy." Colleges, English Composition in. Educational Rev., Dec., 7 pp. French Universities (the), The Reconstruction of., Gabriel Compayré. Educational Rev., Dec., 10 pp. How to Solve a Great Problem. F. M. Edselas. Catholic World, Dec., 12 pp. Italy, Introduction of Gothic Architecture into, by the Cistercean Monks. A. Lotus (the), The Grammar of. Wm. H. Goodyear. Architectural Record, Dec., 18 pp. Mass (the), History of. Florence E. Wheatly. Chaperone, Nov., 21⁄2 pp. The Mass as a musical composition. Medicine, the Study of, The Collegiate Degree as an Evidence of Fitness for, L. Harrison Meliter, A.M., M.D. Bulletin Amer. Acad. Medicine, Dec. 10 pp. Medum. Camden M. Cobern. Biblia, Dec., 6 pp. Review of Dr. Petrie's recent work. Memory (The) in Education. George T. W. Patrick. Educational Rev.. Dec., 13 PP. Music in Chicago. George P. Upton. New England Mag., Dec., 17 pp. Illus. What has been accomplished, etc. Oxford B. A. Degree. What Does it Represent? Richard Jones. Educational Rev., Dec., 19 pp. Phrenology in the Public-Schools. Prof. R. A. Shellhous. Phren. Jour., Dec., 2 pp. Ürges the necessity of teaching phrenology. Physician (the), The Preliminary Education of. Special Preparatory Work_Suggested by the Medical School in, The Value of the General Preparatory Training Afforded by the College as Compared with. T. F. Moses, A.M., M.D. Bulletin Amer. Acad. Medicine, Dec., 13 pp. Poets-Laureate (The). Charlotte Newell. Poet-Lore, Dec., 9 pp. From Sir William Davenant to Tennyson, Sculpture in America, The Outlook for. William Ordway Partridge. New England Mag., Dec., 17 pp. Illus. Studies, Coördination of. Charles De Garmo. Educational Rev., Dec., 16 pp. Whittier's First Printed Poems. New England Mag., Dec., 4 pp. POLITICAL. Cleveland, How (He) Was Elected. Belford's. Belford's Monthly, Dec., 8 pp. Civil Government, How It Is Taught in a New England High School. Arthur May Mowry, A.M. New England Mag., Dec., 5 pp. Congressional Reform. Caspar T. Hopkins. Overland, Dec., 13 pp. Suggests lines along which the needed reform may take place. Constitutions (Written), Origin and Development of. Political Science Qtly.. Dec., 20 pp. Election (The): Its Economic Significance. Social Economist Dec., 91⁄2 PP. Ulster, Taxation of, Under a Home-Rule Parliament. George McDermot. Catholic World, Dec., 13 pp. Argues that the rights of the Protestant minority will not be disregarded by the Catholic majority. Victory (the), Some Causes of. George F. Parker, Belford's Monthly, Dec., 8 pp. The recent Democratic victory at the polls. RELIGIOUS. Brahmo Somaj (the), The Principles and Position of. Protap Chunder Mozoomdar. New World, Dec., 17 pp. Christianity, The Future of. William M. Salter. New World, Dec., 9 pp. Christians of Different Denominations, the Mutual Approach of, What May Be Done for. The Rev. John Campbell, LL.D. Pres. College Jour., Montreal, Dec., 5 pp. "Creed (The) from St. John. George S. Wheeler. New-Jerusalem Mag., Dec., 10 pp. St. John i, 1-5, 10-14, 16, 17, as a declaration of faith. Dogmas (Ancient) and Modern Belief. Howard MacQueary. Unitarian, Dec., 4 pp. Earth (The). How (It) Is Measured. Prof. J. Howard Gore. Journal of the Franklin Institute, Dec., 11 pp. Honan, Village Mission Work in. Murdoch Mac Kenzie. Pres. College Jour.. Montreal, Dec., 9 pp. Ibn Ishak, The Fallacies of; or, Why Christianity Does Not Christianize Gentile Nations. National Pop. Rev., Dec., 19 pp. A very thorough discussion of the question raised by Ibn Ishak in the September Arena. Jesus, The Birth and Infancy of. Albert Réville. New World, Dec., 29 pp. A summary study of the chapters of the Gospels, which treat of the Birth and Infancy of Jesus. Jordon (the River), At: A Study of Joshua, Chapter III. H. Clinton Hay. NewJerusalem Mag., Dec., 7 pp. Lord's (The) Holy People. Williard H. Hinckley. New-Jerusalem Mag. Dec... 6 pp. Who are the Lord's Holy People? . Messenger (The Lord's). John A. Hayes. New-Jerusalem Mag., Dec., 2 pp. Orthodoxy (Progressive). Egbert C. Smyth. New World, Dec., 12 pp. Its nature, etc. Presbyterianism and Education. The Rev. Principal MacVicar. Pres. College Jour., Montreal, Dec., 51⁄2 pp. Religion, Can It Be Taught in the Schools? Charles Lewis Slattery. New England Mag., Dec., 5 pp. The point made is that it is possible to teach religion effectively in the public-schools, by developing that part of a child's nature which alone can comprehend religious truth. Roman Catholic Church (the), The Present Position of. G. Santayana. New World, Dec., 15 PP. Servetus (Michael). Joseph Henry Allen. New World, Dec., 19 pp. The career and the theological offense of Servetus. Soul (the), The Monistic Theory of. James T. Bixby. New World. Dec.. 5 pp. SOCIOLOGICAL. Atkinson vs. Atkinson. S. N. D. North. Social Economist, Dec., 9 pp. An examination of Mr. Edward Atkinson's plans and theories in the light of his own teachings. Bastable's Public Finance. Prof. E. R. A. Seligman. Political Science Qtly.. Bimetallism-A Manchester Madness. Investor's Rev., London, Nov., 32 pp. Social War and Progress. Lewis G. James. Social Economist, Dec., 9% pp. Asthma, The Treatment and Management of. Thomas J. Mays, M.D., Professor Bread (Our), Defects in. A Symposium. Lawrence Irwell and Emmet Densmore, M.D. Social Economist, Dec., 91⁄2 PP. Criminality (Instinctive): Its True Character and Rational Treatment. S. A. K.. Strahan, M. D., Barrister-At-Law. National Pop. Rev., Dec., 11 pp. A paper read before the Anthropological Section of the British Association. Endometritis. Clinton Cushing, M.D., Professor of Gynaecology. Buffalo Med. and Surg. Jour., Dec., 5 pp. Eretria, Excavation at, by the American School, 1891. John Pickard. Amer. Jour. of Archæology, Dec., 19 pp. Immunity, The Study of. V. The Property of the Microbe of Hog-Cholera in the Organism of a Rabbit. M. Metchnikoff. Bacteriological World, Oct., 3 pp. Life, Some New Physiological Views of. B. F. Palmer, LL.D. New York Med. Times, Dec., 2 pp. Music, The Psychology of. A. Mahaffy. Pres. College Jour., Montreal, Dec., 5 PP. Nervous Matter, What Is It? James A. Carmichael, M.D. New York Med. Times, Dec., 6 pp. Henry S. Osteogenesis and Osteoplasty in Crushing Lesions of the Extremities. Thomas Skulls or Heads, Measurement of. John W. Shull. Phren. Jour., Dec., 4 pp. Stomach (the), The New Chemistry of. J. H. Kellogg, M.D. Bacteriological Argentine Railways. Group 1. C. E. Akers. Investor's Rev., London, Nov.. Ferry (A Mexican). A. D. Stewart. Overland, Dec., 12 pp. Illus. Descriptive. New York (Greater). Belford's Monthly, Dec., 23 pp. Peru, The Republic of. Major Alfred F. Sears. New England Mag., Dec,, 24 pp. Illus. Historical and descriptive. Railway-Accounting. Thomas L. Greene. Political Science Qtly., Dec., 14 pp. Restaurants of San Francisco. Charles S. Greene. Overland, Dec., 12 pp. Illus. Descriptive. Russian Judiciary (The). Isaac A. Hourwich. Political Science Qtly., Dec... 36 pp. Sahara, A Bird's-Eye View of. Hilarion Michel. New England Mag., Dec., 6 pp. Strasburg. Wm. Hall. Chaperoue, Nov., 8 pp. Illus. Descriptive. Tragic (The) and Tragedy. Veit Valentin. Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Lit.- Africa, The Partition of. B. Lovett Cameron. Deutsche Revue, Breslau, 9 pp. Army Bill (the New), Provisions of. D. Preussische Fahrbücher, Berlin, Nov., 7 pp. Berlin Communal Reform. Rudolph Eberstadt. Preussische Jahrbücher, Berlin, Nov., 34 PP. Dissolution. Th. Barth. Die Nation, Berlin, Nov., 1 p. Suggests that the Army programme may bring about a dissolution. Dutch Property Tax (The New). Dr. Gustav König. Preussische Jahrbücher, Berlin, Nov., 14 PP. Franco-Russian Alliance (The) and the Triple Alliance in the Light of History. II. Deutsche Revue, Breslau, Nov., 16 pp. French Republic, The Centenary of, Celebration of. Ueber Land und Meer, Stuttgart, Nov. Landwehr (the), The Official Insult to. Hugo Hinze. Die Nation, Nov., 2 pp. Polish Revolution (The) of 1863. II. Dentsche Revue, Breslau, Nov., 16 pp. Berlin, Nov., 3 pp. Constantin Rössler. Preussische Jarbücher, Taxation, The System of. M. Broemel. Die Naton, Berlin, Nov., 3 pp. Walpole and Caprivi. Th. Barth. De Naton, Berlin, Nov., 1 p. Books of the Week. AMERICAN. An Average Man. Robert Grant. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., Boston. Paper, Australian History, Fifty Years in the Making of. Sir Henry Parkes, K.C.M.G.. Prime-Minister of New South Wales, 1872-5, 1877, 1878-9. Longmans, Green, & Co. Cloth, $5. Bible (the), Creation of. Myron Adams. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., Boston. Cloth, $1.50. Cæsars (the), The Tragedy of. A Study of the Characters of the Cæsars of the Julian and Claudian Houses. S. Baring-Gould. Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons. 2 vols., Cloth, Illus., $7.50 Catechism (A Modern). Ursula N. Gestefeld. Lovell, Gestefeld, & Co. Paper, :25C. Christmas Stories from French and Spanish Writers. Antoinette Ogden. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Cloth, $1.25. Deluge (The). An Historical Novel of Poland, Sweden, and Russia. A Sequel to" With Fire and Sword." From the Polesto of Sienkiewièz. Little, Brown, & Co., Boston. 2 vols., Cloth, $3. Embryology (the) of Man and Mammals. Text-Book of. Dr. Oscar Herting, Translated from the Third German Edition by Edward L. Mark, Hersey Professor of Anatomy in Harvard University. With 339 Figures in the Text and 2 Lithographic Plates. Macmillan & Co. $5.25. Echoes of Old County Life, Being Recollections of Sport, Politics, and Farming in the Good Old Times. J. K. Fowler, of Aylesbury. Macmillan & Co. Cloth, $2.50. Ethnology and Archæology (American), Journal of. J. Walter Fewkes. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., Boston. Vol. III, Paper, $2. France in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-180. Elizabeth W. Latimer. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago, Cloth, Illus., $2,50. Francis Drake. Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., Boston. Cloth, $1.25. Hades Up to Date. Art Young. F. J Schulte & Co.. Chicago. Illus., $2. Cloth, How To Heal. George Burnell. Lovell, Gestefeld, & Co. Leatherette, 50c. Hungary, Life and Character-Sketches of. Margaret Fletcher. Macmillan & Co. Cloth, Illus., $2.25. Japan in Art and Industry, With Glance at Japanese Manners and Customs. From the French of Felix Régamey. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Cloth, Illus., $1.75. Love Songs of English Poets, 1500-1800. Edited by Ralph Caine. D. Appleton & Co. Cloth, $1.50. Man in Art. Philip Gilbert Hamerton. Illus. by Etchings and Photogravures from Pictures by Sir F. Leighton, Alma Tadema. Sir John Gilbert, Botticelli, Rembrandt, Murillo, etc, etc.. Macmillan & Co., Buckram, $30. Mum Fidgets, and the Two Richards. Constance Milman. D. Appleton & Co. Cloth, $1. Monsters (Extinct). The Rev. H. N. Hutchinson. D. Appleton & Co. Cloth, Illus., $3. Mother (The), and Other Poems. 'Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., Boston. Cloth, $1.25. Philosophy (Modern), A History of. From the Renaissance to the Present. B. C. Burt, A.M. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago. Cloth. 2 vols., $4. Prehistoric Peoples, The Customs and Monuments of. From the French of the Marquis de Nadaillac. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Cloth., Illus., $3. Prince Serebryani. A Novel. From the Russian of Count Alexis Tolstol. Dodd, Mead, & Co. Cloth, $1.50. Romance of a French Parsonage. M. Betham-Edwards. Lovell, Gestefeld, & Co. Cloth, $1.25. Song of the Ancient People. Edna Dean Proctor. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., Boston. Leather, $5. Sound and Music. The Rev. J. A. Zahn, C.S.C., Prof. of Physics in the University of Notre Dame. A. C. McClurg & Co., Chicago. Cloth. Illus.. $3.50. Taylor (General). Gen. O. O. Howard. D. Appleton & Co. Cloth, $1.50. Virginia (Northern). The Army of, in 1862; with a Preface by J. C. Ropes. Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., Boston. Cloth, $3.50. Whittier (John Greenleaf); His Life, Genius, and Writings. W. Sloane Kennedy. Derby & Miller. Cloth, Illus., $1.50. With Fire and Sword. Polish of Sien Kiewicz. An Historical Novel of Poland and Russia. From the Little, Brown, & Co., Boston. Cloth, $2. Current Events. Wednesday, December 7. In the Senate, Mr. Hill introduces a Bill to repeal the Sherman Silver Law ..In the House, the Bill to stop the reduction in the Engineer Corps of the Navy is passed...... Tudge Gresham declares a part of Sec. 12 of the Interstate Commerce Act unconstitutional......At Cincinnati the arguments in the trial of Professor Smith for heresy are closed.... The National Prison Association visits the Annapolis Navai Academy, and afterwards holds its closing session.....Several lives are lost and much damage done by a tornado in Texas In New York City, the trial of Dr. Briggs is continued...... The provisions of the will of Jay Gould are made public; it gives the entire estate to his family, the great bulk of it being divided among his six children...... The Rev. Dr. Parkhurst answers the attack on him made by Police Superintendent Byrnes......The speech of Mgr. Satolli at the recent Archbishops' Conference is made public. The Spanish Ministry resign......In connection with the Panama Canal investigation, it is expected that the French Government will order an autopsy on the body of Baron Reinach......It is said that cholera has reappeared in the Russian province of Poltava......The new Canadian Ministers are sworn in. Thursday, December 8. In the Senate, the Chilian Claims Treaty is ratified.... In the House, Mr. Holman moves the recommittal of the Printing Bill; Attorney-General Miller's annual report is presented; Mr. Kilgore stops business by a point of order... Telegraph operators on the Rock Island railroad strike, but trains continue to run......In a railroad wreck at Greenville, N. J., fourteen persons are injured ......In New York City, the prosecution closes its argument in the Brigg's case......Superintendent Byrnes replies to Dr. Parkhurst.... .....Mr. Depew says he has sent his final answer to the engineers of the New York Central. The new French Cabinet states its policy, and the Chamber of Deputies, 306 to 104. votes confidence......President Andrews of Brown University, addresses the International Monetary Conference at Brussels; M. Allard submits a proposal... The British Agricultural Association passes a resolution favoring lower taxes on farming lands...... Influenza prevails in Berlin. Friday, December 9. The Senate not in session......The House passes the Printing Bill......The House Committee on Military Affairs completes its consideration of the Army Appropriation Bill..... In New Orleans, two men are killed and a third fatally wounded; the outrage is charged to the Mafia......In New York City, Dr. Parkhurst replies to Superintendent Byrnes......Democratic Senators hold a conference with W. C. Whitney......Republican State leaders hold a conference......Teachers in St. Paul's School, Garden City, go on strike. Bimetallists in the Monetary Conference express indignation at the obstruction offered by Great Britain......The India Currency Committee resumes its sittings in London...... Premier Ribot and Minister Burgeois appear before the Panama Canal Investigating Committee; M. Bourgeois, under a pledge of secrecy from the Committee, promises to produce certain judicial documents. Saturday, December 10. The Government crop report for December is issued......It is said that a vigorous effort will be made in the House of Representatives to repeal the Sunday-closing provision of the World's Fair Bill....A $100,000 library is presented to Fairhaven, Mass., by the children of H. H. Rogers, of New York City, in memory of a dead sister.. .It is announced that the State of New York has formally assumed the care of all its insane poor, except those in New York and Kings Counties......In New York City, at a dinner of the Reform Club, speeches are made by President-elect Cleveland and others; Speaker Crisp had prepared and given out a speech, but is not invited to speak......The Fayerweather will contest is reopened......A number of the Spree's passen. gers arrive on the Etruria......There is a sharp advance in Western Union and Manhattan Railway shares. Several witnesses testify before the Panama Canal Investigating Committee; a sub-committee is appointed to examine documents; the autopsy on Baron Reinach's body is begun......The Committee of the Monetary Conference discusses three plans, but no decision is reached......Senor Sagasta forms a new Spanish Cabinet......The German Reichstag begins debate on the first reading of the Army Bill. Sunday, December 11. The annual report of the Secretary of the Navy is made public......The details of an alleged conspiracy to poison non-union workmen at Homestead are made known in Pittsburgh...... Two thousand persons sign the pledge in New Haven at a temperance meeting conducted by Francis Murphy's son. ......It is reported that the health of Secretary Blaine is greatly improved. ......In New York City, the will-contest over the Ogden estate is settled in favor of the beneficiaries. ...... Senator Allison tells the Monetary Conference that the American delegates might accept a different ratio than 16 to 1 between gold and silver.. The Portuguese Minister of War resigns; the stability of the Cabinet is threatened. Monday, December 12. In the Senate, Mr. Vest's resolution to open the Indian Territory is discussed the Anti-Option Bill comes up, but action is deferred; nominations by the President are received as follows: Person C. Cheney, of New Hampshire, to be Minister to Switzerland; G. M. Lambertson, to be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury: J. W. McDill (reappointment), to be an Interstate Commerce Commissioner; P. S. Grosscup, to be United States Judge for the Northern District of Illinois; C. C. Cole, to be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia......In the House, Speaker Crisp is enthusiastically cheered by both parties on taking his place the Army Appropriation Bill is introduced.....The twelfth annual session of the American Federation of Labor begins in Philadelphia......It is announced that Philip D. Armour will present to the city of Chicago an institute for technical and industrial instruction, to cost $100,000 and be endowed for $1,400,ooo...... ..Ignited oil, from a broken tank, floating on Miller's Run, does great damage......New York Central officials say the difficulty with the engineers is settled. The French Chamber invests the Panama Committee with judicial powers. .....In the Reichstag the Chancellor announces that Germany will adhere to the gold standard... Mr. Gladstone calls a special Cabinet meeting to discuss the Home Rule Bill. Tuesday, December 13. In the Senate, the Indian Territory resolution and the Anti-Option Bill are discussed......In the House, the Weil and La Abra Claim Bills are passed. ...... At a conference of Republican Senators, the so-called doubtful Western States are discussed......Secretary of State Foster replies to the strictures of Minister Foster, of Canada, upon the President's message......Robbers board a train in West Virginia and kill one passenger......The Cincinnati Presbytery decides, 31 to 27, to suspend Professor Smith from the ministry. ....The New York State Dairymen's Association meets at Cobleskill.... In the city of New York, reports to the Chamber of Commerce urge a Federal quarantine system.. The New York Yacht Club decides to accept Lord Dunraven's challenge...... At a dinner of Columbia College Alumni, President Low announces a $10.000 gift to the library. M. Rouvier, the French Finance Minister, resigns, and M. Tirard is appointed......Senator Jones speaks in the Monetary Conference......The Union of Conservative Associations holds its annual meeting in Sheffield. Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter. Published Weekly by the FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY, 18 and 20 Astor Place, New York. London: 44 Fleet Street. Toronto: 11 Richmond Street, West. Subscription price, $3.00 per year. Single Copies, to cents. Renewals.-Two weeks after the receipt of a remittance, the extension of the subscription will be indicated by the yellow label on the wrapper. Discontinuances.-The publishers must positively receive notice by letter or postal-card, whenever a subscriber wishes his paper discontinued. THE AMERICAN TARIFF-PAST AND FUTURE. J. STEPHEN JEANS. THE Fortnightly Review, London, December. HE decision that Grover Cleveland shall be again President of the United States, and that the Democratic party shall again control the destinies of that nation may be accepted as an earnest of the determination of the American people to fling aside the crutches of protection, and rely on their own unaided strength for the time to come. It is natural that this decision on the part of so important a contributor to the manifold requirements of the United Kingdom should inspire feelings of hopefulness, almost akin to jubilation. A strong belief has prevailed in these islands that the return of the Democrats to power would result in the getting rid of the tariff, and that British manufactures would then pour in upon the market of the United States like a flood. It is no doubt true that the Democratic party are pledged to some modification of the tariff. The victory, however, is by no means so complete as it would appear on the face of the situation. Cleveland is President of the United States in virtue mainly of the solid support he has received from the Southern and some of the Central States. Those States, for the most part, want solidarity and cohesion. The Northern States, on the contrary, present an almost unbroken front in favor of protection, and they are well organized, skilled in tactical manoeuvring, possessed of large financial resources, and capable of bringing strong pressure to bear upon any Government that may happen to be in power, whether Republican, Democratic, or Mugwump. No Government is likely at present to be strong enough to sweep entirely from the statute-books the protective tariff, and establish a tariff for revenue purposes alone. To attempt anything of this kind would be to establish absolute free trade, since the United States is now almost in a position to dispense with tariff revenue entirely. There must, therefore, be concessions and compromises on both sides. This may be carried so far as to disappoint the not unreasonable hopes of our people that the greatest market in the world, and probably in the world's history, is once again to be found lying at the feet of British industry and commerce. Apart from these considerations, however, it requires unusual temerity to allege that the tariff system of the United States has been a failure-for that country. America has since the Civil War enjoyed an amazing degree of prosperity. It would, of course, be absurd to pretend that all this, or perhaps any great part of it, is owing to the tariff policy adopted hitherto; but at least the tariff has not prevented the people of the United States, with characteristic enterprise, from taking advantage of the wonderful resources with which nature has so bountifully endowed them, and freely promoting their development. Measured by any or all of the usual standards, the United States will not be found lacking in success, but as there is a not unusual disposition to allege that the conditions of social well-being are not so satisfactory as they might be, and as the tariff is freely blamed for this alleged condition of things, it is well that the actual facts should be put on record as briefly as possible. [The writer proceeds to show, from official sources of information, that the United States between 1880 and 1890 reduced its national debt from $46.50 to $20.50 per capita, while the debts of the several States and Tertirories fell from $5.70 to $3.50. The debt of Great Britain and Ireland fell in this interval from $101.50 to $87.70 per capita, but the debts of nearly all continental European States have increased, and so have the debts of most of the British colonies; that the increase of wealth in the United States was equally striking; that the capital embarked in manufacturing increased considerably over 100 per cent.; that the proportion of population in the northern cities engaged in manufacturing increased from 19.9 to 23.7 per cent.; that the actual advance of wages paid in manufacturing industry is greater than the increase which took place in the previous thirty years; that, while the McKinley Act has undoubtedly increased the prices of certain important productions, the general course of prices has been downwards for many years, and no legislative enactment has been able to arrest the movement; that the foreign trade of the country has increased, and that in 1891 the manufactures exported were 19.3 per cent. of the whole, against 6.9 per cent. in 1880.] Enough has been said to show that the American tariff has not been a bad thing for Americans. England has appeared to think the American tariff more or less a device of the enemy to damage her special commerce. America has been our best customer, and consequently our best friend. The tariff has not prevented Americans purchasing even protected goods in England. The United States has. by reason of her tariff, suffered greatly in her carrying trade, |