- They made the end of it fas ly submerged car. The shore of the rope was made fast wei water and a crude breeches d. In this those on the pier d ashore in safety. onesy who went last. He was by many willing hands i nof. They wrapped him d carried him with boisterous to his car. There he found an who was giving orders to break all records to town and y was not going to any hospi uld not overstay his leave

Between the warming sun and his blankets he was himself again by the time they had reached the city. So he was driven to the Y. M. C. A., and like some football warrior he hurried to his room with the blankets wrapped about him. And there the small elderly man left him with a hand-clasp, first demanding his name and address which Jonesy reluctantly gave, for there was "No use making any fuss over this, boss," Jonesy said. But the little man just smiled and wrote in his note-book.

And Jonesy overstayed his leave at that. He had been more tired than he had realized and out of the sun something of the chill of the waters had returned. He had crept into his bed, and when he had next opened his eyes it was night and he had missed his train.

Jonesy was eighteen hours overdue when he rode into camp on a supply wagon. He made his way at once to the first sergeant's tent. The top eyed him queerly over the papers he was working

on.

"I'm sorry, sarge," Jonesy began, "but I got held up and

"Save your breath, Jonesy," the top interrupted him. "You are to report to the captain at once."

With a sinking heart the little trumpeter made his way to the captain's tent. That officer sat flanked by either lieutenant. His face was preternaturally grave as were those of the other officers. Jonesy saluted and stood at attention.

"You have overstayed your pass eighteen hours. What have you got to say for yourself?" said the captain grimly.

Jonesy's face grew long. He could not find his tongue. "I-I got held up, sir," he stammered, at last.

"Held up!" the captain echoed ironically. His eyes held Jonesy's like mag

nets.

"Yes, sir," answered Jonesy in agony. Another long minute the captain eyed him

and then he tossed him a telegra lay on his table. "Read that," 1 manded curtly. Half dazed, Jone

Los Angeles, Cal., Nov. 21, From: The Commanding General To: Captain Troop X, Nogales I Nogales, Ariz.

Subject: Trumpeter Jones.

I report that on the 10th inst. Jones, trumpeter of Troop X, Nt alry, saved the lives of three perso rooned on a broken bridge by a flood at the imminent risk of his of His courage was in keeping with t traditions of the Army. You wil look any overstay of leave. He is mended for promotion at the first tunity and will be cited in general JOHN S. BLAKE, Brigadier-General, U. S

HE first astronomer was primitive man, who ordered his life by the stars. The daily course of the sun and his cheering return after the cold and darkness of the night; the advance from winter to summer, as the arc of the sun's path rose toward the zenith from its lowest limit in the south; the changing phases of the moon and the terrifying darkness of eclipses; the serene majesty of the midnight sky, sparkling with stars and rotating in slow and stately

ors, and the rare comets, little notic modern dwellers in the glare of citi of compelling splendor in the transp atmosphere of the ancient world, c impressed the mind and the imagir of prehistoric man. Even in the Age observations of the sun and mo suggested by certain circles and cents in neolithic art, replacing the a portraiture of paleolithic times.

Thus early began the study of ast my, starting from conceptions w though simple and familiar, imply ir tive thought, and aided by the cl and definiteness of ideas of space

whirling in their orbits within the atom, or the microscopic organisms so vital in biological research, the brilliant members of the celestial host pursued their course before every eye, and invited study by their oft-repeated revolutions. Great laws of nature were open to discovery by any observer, armed only with clear vision and persistence of purpose. Hence it was that astronomy became the pioneer of the sciences, leading the way, not only in Egypt and Babylonia, but in Greece and the Moslem world, in the revival of research against the forces of mediævalism, and in the beginnings of modern investigation in Italy, France, England, and the United States.

ASTRONOMY IN EGYPT

In Egypt, where civilization arose, three influences were dominant: the sun, supreme as the great god Ra; the stars, abode of the blessed; and the Nile, fructifier of the fields. The earliest peasants based their year on the annual inundation of the Nile, and the date of its beginning became a matter of practical concern. This happened to coincide very nearly with the heliacal rising of Sothis (Sirius), whose first appearance on the horizon in advance of the sun was thus taken to announce the new year. Systematic observations began so far back that the first fairly reliable date in history, given by Breasted as the beginning of the year 4241 B. C., was thus fixed by this star.

ernment, directed a large part of the tivities of the Pharaoh and people tow their own aggrandizement, as we may from the fact that almost the only viving structures on the Nile are en mous temples and tombs, their w covered with the grotesque images of gods and the complex ritual of the und world. Monumental art was cultiva under rigorous control, almost exclusiv for theological and mortuary purpo Under such circumstances we cannot pect to find that the Egyptians contr

FIG. 1.

The ancient Egyptian, in all the phases of his life, was severely practical. Like the Roman, but in sharp contrast with the Greek, he had little intellectual curiosity and in general he cared nothing whatever for the problems of science. Breasted has recently found, in the only known medical papyrus which is not merely a mass of magical formulas, that the old Egyptian author occasionally exhibits some interest in the symptoms of cases designated by himself as incurable. But this is an individual instance, contrary to the national

habit the lone exception that proves the

uted greatly to the progress of astronor as a science.

However, the needs of common life a the daily routine and annual festivals the temples demanded a reliable calend and the subdivision of time, which cou be provided only by astronomical obs vations. The priests became astronome and at a surprisingly early date, as have seen, the opening of the year w fixed by the heliacal rising of Sirius. Co trary to the practice of the Babylonia whose calendar was based upon phases of the moon, the Egyptians det mined their year by the annual return the sun to a fixed point in the heave

and

Palmieri

at the tomb of Tutenkhamon, been fortunate enough to see,] then writing of his previous the upper Euphrates of a rem man mural decoration, since his "Oriental Forerunners o Painting." Through the

rument.

wed face where the plumb-line fell, as in F

b of Tutenkhamon, which la nate enough to see, Breasted ng of his previous discovery Euphrates of a remarkable R 1 decoration, since published: ital Forerunners of Byzan Through the kindness Doctor Giorgio Abetti, rector of the Royal Ast physical Observatory, were enabled to observe sun, moon, Jupiter, and s urn with two of Gale original telescopes, served in the Galileo Mseum at Florence, and 1tached for this purpose: the equatorial telescope & Arcetri. In a future artic I shall endeavor to describe this attempt to see the heav ens with Galileo's eyes After these observations with the earliest of tele scopes, Breasted went t London, where he discovere at a shop of a well-know dealer in antiquities a fa older astronomical instru ment, the oldest, in fact, ye found. It is best described in his own words, taken from a letter written shortly after is return to the United States, while I was still in London:

have been very

much

saw you

before I sailed. I mention it to you especially because the object turns out to be an astronomical instrument. It is a rectangular strip of ebony wood a little over ten and one-half inches long (perhaps intended for half a cubit), one and one-six

B

mounted on the end of the ebony s To the block was attached a plum and a vertical line cut in the edge of ebony strip exactly opposite the mi of the mortise hole marks the I where the plummet cord descended.

Suurisel

From Breasted "Ancient Times," by courtesy of Ginn and Co.

FIG. 4. Ancient Egyptian sun-clock.

B

teenth inches wide, thickness just one-half inch. Along each edge, extending entirely from end to end, is an inscription stating that the object was made with his own hands, by King Tutenkhamon as a restoration of a monument of his father (meaning his ancestor) Thutmose IV. You may remember that the tomb of Thutmose IV contains a remark in ink on the wall reporting that his tomb was restored, of course after robbery, by Harmhab, who was practically the successor of Tutenkhamon. This new monument which I am reporting to you can hardly have come from anything else than a tomb in view of the fact that it has escaped destruction for over three thousand years. If so, then the tomb of Thutmose IV had already been robbed under Tutenkhamon's reign, and the latter, whose own tomb was so soon to suffer from tomb-robbers, was endeavoring before the close of his reign to repair their depredations in the tomb of his ancestor Thutmose IV. It is of interest also that the object restored was an astronomical instrument. At one end of the ebony strip is a rectangular mortise hole a little over half an inch long, about three-six

teenths inch wide and a

will find the same strument somew restored in 'And Times,' page 78, Fi 59, marked A. I enc a little sketch of ebony strip in whic have restored the E end block from wl the plummet was pended. I do h when you come thro Chicago on your way California that y will stop in Chicago see it. My only justification for getting to show it to you in Londo that I had not, at that time, red nized what the instrument was. It only after studying the line marking place of the plummet cord that I re nized the character of the object, loss of the little block at the end ren ing it by no means easy to recog the thing. Its interest lies in the that it is the oldest of its kind, older than the one published by E