a nineteenth century standpoint. Occasionally the outline will appear to some to rest upon a fanciful and artificial exegesis. On page 190, Paul's increased activity after the absorption of John's twelve disciples into the church at Ephesus (Acts xix.) is said to be a duplication of Jesus' increased activity after the imprisonment of John (Mark i. 14). Or again, on page 268, regarding the miracles performed by Paul on the island of Melita, it is said to be "a token of the fall of Israel that from the restoration of Eutychus to life (xx.) until this hour, or from the moment that Paul turned his face, more than two years before, toward Jerusalem, until now when he is at the gates of Rome, the divine energy could not show itself. It is given again on Roman soil."

The book will be of value, especially to those in training-classes and Sunday-schools who wish a bird's-eye view of Acts before beginning to study it in detail.

LUTHER HALSEY GULICK: Missionary in Hawaii, Micronesia, Japan, and China. By Frances Gulick Jewett. Boston and Chicago: Congregational Sunday-School and Publishing Society. 1895. (Pp. 314. 58x34.) $1.25.

In this biography of her father, Mrs. Jewett has written one of the most interesting and instructive volumes that have appeared for a long while. Luther Halsey Gulick was born of missionary parents in the Sandwich Islands, came to America at the age of twelve, received his general, theological, and medical education under the loving care of friends and relatives, and returned with his cultivated wife in 1851, to lay the foundations of missionary work in the Micronesian Islands. Two years after his arrival an epidemic of small pox occurred upon the islands, which tested to the utmost both the wisdom and the courage of the medical missionary. In the absence of fresh vaccine material, Dr. Gulick first inoculated himself with small pox and suffered it to have its course, in the meantime isolating himself from his family, and then inoculated as many of the natives as were willing to trust themselves to his skill, and as he was able to provide for. The horrors of those months of isolation with this plague can scarcely be imagined, but they were safely passed, and the confidence of the people was so completely won that the message of the missionaries was thereafter heard with gladness, and a great moral change immediately followed. But five thousand of the ten thousand inhabitants had been carried away by the plague.

After ten years Dr. Gulick returned to the United States for a vacation, and for a year or more his story of missionary work thrilled the churches like a message from the other world. Owing to the health of his family it was not thought best for him to go back to Micronesia, and his general capacity for organization led to his appointment to have gen. eral charge of missionary affairs in the Hawaiian Islands, where he remained until 1870, when the change of policy there set him free for other

work. For two years he was sent to the papal lands in Europe to inaugurate the experiments of the American Board in Spain and Italy, and to make investigations into the conditions of the missions in Turkey. From 1876 to 1889 he had charge of the work of the American Bible Society in China, which was prosecuted with remarkable energy, 252,000 copies of the Bible having been distributed in the single year 1887.

If any one is inclined to fear that the primitive spirit of Christian heroism is dying out in these later centuries there is no better corrective than to read the simple but charmingly-told story of this book.

THE RELIGIONS OF JAPAN, from the Dawn of History to the Era of Meiji. By William Elliot Griffis, D. D., formerly of the Imperial University of Tokio; author of "The Mikado's Empire" and "Corea, the Hermit Nation"; late Lecturer on the Morse Foundation in Union Theological Seminary in New York. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1895. (Pp. xxi, 457. 5%x3%.) $2.00.

The rapidity of changes taking place in the Japanese Empire makes this volume of Dr. Griffis most important and timely. The author's residence in Japan and his general studies in Japanese history and social conditions enable him to write with an authority upon the subject which few possess. The author's sympathy with the Japanese is also above question. Still it would be difficult anywhere to find a more serious arraignment of heathen religions than this volume presents. Polytheism and its degrading accompaniments exhibit themselves on every page. Pantheism is seen to be everywhere the fruitful parent of animism or chamanism, fetichism and phallicism. Of the latter the author says that the efforts of the government in 1872 to abolish it have been so far successful in hiding its emblems from public view that recent scholars and investigators have scarcely suspected its universality. Previous to that time the degrading emblems were everywhere visible along the roads and in the religious procession. 'To the enlightened Buddhist, Confucian, and even the modern Shintoist the phallus-worshipper is a 'heathen,' a 'pagan,' and yet he still practises his faith and rites; . . . the Eastern Asiatic mind runs to pantheism as surely as the body of flesh and blood seeks food" (pp. 29, 30).

After reading the really powerful arraignment of Japanese heathenism which appears in the body of this volume, one is the more surprised at a paragraph in the preface which, on the authority of Principal Fairbairn, affirms, that "what we call superstition in the savage is not superstition in him. . . . Between fetichism and Christian faith there is a great distance but a great affinity-the recognition of a supra-sensible life" (p. xiii). In illustration of this, Dr. Griffis remarks:

"I write in sight of beautiful Lake Cayuga, on the fertile and sloping shores of which in old time the Iroquois Indian confessed the mysteries of life. Having planted his corn, he made his pregnant squaw walk round the seed bed in hope of receiving from the Source of life increased

blessing and sustenance for body and mind. Between such a truly religious act of the savage, and that of the Christian sage, Joseph Henry, who uncovered his head while investigating electro-magnetism to ask God a question,' or that of Samuel F. B. Morse, who sent as his first telegraphic message 'What hath God wrought,' I see no essential difference. All three were acts of faith and acknowledgment of a power greater than man. Religion is one, though religions are many" (p. xii).

It is but fair to say, however, that the essential errors of this remark are amply refuted in the pages of the book itself.

OUTLINES OF CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY. By Rev. Cornelius Walker, D. D., Professor of Systematic Divinity in the Theological Seminary of Virginia. New York: Thomas Whittaker. 1894. (Pp. 256. 61⁄4x358.) This modest volume contains the clear and concise statement of the Christian doctrines which are generally accepted as the basis of our religious life and the mainspring of our religious activities. Such a comprehensive statement is really the best defense of the doctrines themselves. There are twenty-two chapters, appended to each of which there is a list of six or eight of the most important and acceptable treatises to be consulted for fuller information. The judiciousness of the author's treatment appears in a single quotation. Speaking of the doctrine of original sin, which represents infants as criminal participants in the sin of Adam and under its divine sentence of doom, the author discusses the doctrine of baptismal regeneration in the following manner:

"This, very naturally, led to the sacramental remedy. For dying infants there could be no other. The sin and its doom, criminally incurred, not by their own act, was, in the same manner, without their act or knowledge, removed. And, as one sacrament thus became debased from its original high moral and spiritual significance into a mere fetich, so in due time, the other came to be regarded and treated as of similar character. Where sin is looked upon as a physical thing, it will be treated, and its cure sought with physical remedies" (p. 156).

We trust the book will have a wide circulation.

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Of the Gospel OF ST. JOHN, together with an Interlinear Literal Translation of the Greek Text of Stephens, 1550, with the Authorized Version conveniently presented in the Margins for Ready Reference, and with the Various Readings of the editions of Elzevir, 1624, Griesbach, Lachmann, Tischendorf, Tregelles, Alford, and Wordsworth. By J. P. MacLean, Ph. D. Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Co. 1895. (Pp. x, 240. 6x4.) $1.50.

Mr. MacLean has done a good service in presenting in so short compass and in so clear a manner the main considerations which prove the genuineness of the Fourth Gospel, and, at the same time, a full analysis of the contents of the book. The volume is a safe and very convenient guide to the study of the subject. Its merits are such that they should secure for it a large sale.

MONASTICISM: Its Ideals and its History. A lecture by Adolf Harnack, D. D., Professor of Church History in the University of Berlin. Translated by Rev. Charles R. Gillett, A. M., Librarian of Union Theological Seminary in New York. With a Preface by Rev. Arthur C. McGiffert, D. D., Professor of Church History in Union Theological Seminary. New York: Christian Literature Co. 1895. (Pp. iii, 87. 5%x2%.) 50 cents.

In this translation of Mr. Gillett, the reader will find a very clear, concise, and comprehensive view of the various developments of the monastic orders in the Greek and Roman Catholic churches. It will be difficult anywhere else to find so much upon the subject so well said and in so little space.

BOOKS RECEIVED.

THE CAMBRIDge Bible for SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

General Ed

itor for the Old Testament: A. F. Kirkpatrick, D. D. New York: Macmillan & Co. The Book of Psalms. With Introduction_and Notes. By A. F. Kirkpatrick, D. D., Fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, Regius Professor of Hebrew. Books II. and III. Psalms xlii.-lxxxix. (Pp. lxxix, 333. 54x33%.) $1.00.

THE EXPOSITOR'S BIBLE. Edited by the Rev. W. Robertson Nicoll, M. A., LL.D., Editor of The Expositor. New York: A. C. Armstrong & Son. 1895. $1.50 per volume. The Book of Ezekiel. By the Rev. John Skinner, M.A. (Pp xi, 499. 6%x31⁄2.)

THE ESSENTIAL MAN: A Monograph on Personal Immortality in the Light of Reason. By George Croswell Cressey, Ph. D, author of Essays on "The Philosophy of Religion," "Mental Evolution," etc. Boston: Geo. H. Ellis. 1895. (Pp. 84. 434x2%.) 75 cents.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR MINISTERIAL POWER. The Carew Lectures for 1895. By Charles Cuthbert Hall, D. D., author of "Into His Marvellous Light," "Does God send Trouble?" etc. Hartford: Hart

ford Seminary Press. 1895. (Pp. 241. 52x3%.) $1.50.

THE CHILDREN, THE CHURCH, AND THE COMMUNION. Two Simple Messages to Children from one who loves them and wants them to love the House of God and the Table of Christ. By Charles Cuthbert Hall, minister of the First Presbyterian Church, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1895. (Ép. 55. 5x234.) 75 cents.

CHRIST AND THE CHURCH. Essays concerning the Church and the Unification of Christendom. With an Introduction by the Rev. Amory H. Bradford, D.D. New York and Chicago: Fleming H. Revell Co. 1895. (Pp. 321. 6x338.)

THIRTY YEARS' WORK IN THE HOLY LAND. A Record and a Summary. 1865-95. New and revised edition. New York: Macmillan & Co. 1895. (Pp., 256. 5%x3%.) $1.50.

THE UNITED CHURCH OF THE UNITED STATES. By Charles Woodruff Shields, Professor in Princeton Seminary. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1895. (Pp. xi, 285. 62x3%.) $2.50.

ABRAHAM KUYPER (Calvinism: The Origin and Safeguard of Our Constitutional Liberties) was born at Maasluis, Holland, Oct. 29, 1837; was educated at Leyden; received the degree of Doctor of Divinity, Sept. 20, 1863, and began his ministry, Aug. 7, 1863. He has since become the zealous leader in the great evangelical revival of the Old Faith in the Church of the Netherlands. The founding of the Free University at Amsterdam upon the Bible as its basis for every department of study, is one of several of his achievements. Politically, his strength is the tower of safety of the anti-revolutionists, whose principles he so ably formulated in "Our Program." As editor of the Heraut he is the weekly visitor and much-loved teacher in holy things, alike to the learned and to the unlearned lovers of the simple story of the Cross, while through the columns of the secular dailies he is the untiring advocate of honor and honesty according to highest standards among all classes. He is an indefatigable worker, abundantly shown in the voluminousness of his writings, which are widely published, and fairly gormandized by those who like them at all. His latest work, "Encyclopedia of Holy Theology," is in all probability his most monumental. It was published in the early summer of 1894, and its translation into English is in the hands of Professor G. Vos, of Princeton.

LUCIEN CALVIN WARNER (The Relations of Capital and Labor), born in Cuyler, N. Y., Oct. 26, 1841, was graduated from Oberlin College in 1865, and the New York Medical College in 1867. He practiced medicine and lectured with his brother until the year 1875, when they founded a manufacturing business which has since assumed very large proportions. A few years ago, in connection with this, they erected at Bridgeport, Conn., the Seaside Institute, to be used by working women as a club house, with opportunities for rest, recreation, and culture. Dr. Warner was for a time the president of the Hamilton Bank of New York City. A large part of his time is devoted to philanthropic work not only in New York City, which has been his home since 1875, but in connection with numerous organizations throughout the country. He is a man of wide business experience, of fine commercial instincts that have given him such a reputation in business circles that his name is connected only with the most successful enterprises, and he adds moreover such scholarly tastes that his writings have merit for their manner no less than for their matter.

THOS. STOUGHTON POTwin (Ideas of the Future Life in the Pentateuch) was born in East Windsor, Conn., April 4, 1829, of Huguenot (Poitevin) and Pilgrim ancestry. On the side of his mother (Sarah Stoughton) he is in a direct line from Elder Brewster of the Mayflower. He prepared for college in Monson, Mass.; graduated at Yale with first honors in 1851, was tutor in Latin and Greek in Beloit College, 1851–53, tutor in Yale in the same departments, 1854–58; studied theology at East Windsor and New Haven; was settled in Congregational ministry in Franklin, N. Y., 1860-67. Being compelled to relinquish the pastorate by failure of health, he subsequently became superintendent of the Hartford Orphan Asylum in which he continued twelve years. In recent years his attention has been chiefly given to historical and critical studies. In 1886 he published a study of Čonditional Immortality, entitled "The