the cathartic. The gastric irritation continuing after the use of the lancet and purgatives, a large blister is applied to the epigastrium. Sinapisms to the extremities are beneficial in equalizing excitement, and affusions of cold water answer a similar purpose when much heat of the surface is present. In a word, the treatment does not differ materially from that pursued in bilious fever, except that constipation being a more prominent symptom will require more attention. That being obviated, the disease in most cases becomes sufficiently manageable.

It may not be uninteresting to state a remarkable fact which has occurred under my own observation; it is, that my own cattle range with those of my neighbors, and have done so for five years, and none of them have ever had the disease, while many of theirs have died. I am strongly inclined to believe, that this exemption is owing to my giving my cattle salt every other day, during the spring, summer and autumnal months, whereas other cattle get salt perhaps once a month. From this fact it would appear, that the muriate of soda, (common salt,) acts as a prophylactic of the disease.

A range of hills of considerable elevation runs up from near my mills on Sandy river, westward, between which are fertile valleys. In these ravines cattle often range, and, it appears, also contract this disease. In these valleys abounds the Rhus radicans, upon which cattle sometimes feed. From certain experiments made, some years ago, by a gentleman near Cincinnati, there appears some reason to believe, that a small poison vine, a species of the Rhus, will cause milksickness. He had a number of cattle in a lot, in the winter season, where the vine grew; he observed them to eat of the vine, contract the disease, and die. He removed the vines and put other cattle in the same lot, which escaped the dis

ease. This is the fairest experiment that I have ever known made, and it certainly should have considerable bearing upon this interesting and obscure subject. I intend at an early period to make experiments with the poison vine growing in this region, and will communicate the result to the Editors of the Western Journal.

I am aware, that great discrepancy exists among physicians respecting milk-sickness, some even denying its existence, in toto, and others deeming it nothing more than a form of congestive fever. It certainly bears a remote resemblance to congestive fever; but by certain diagnostic symptoms, pointed out in the essay to which I have referred, the discriminating physician can never be at a loss to distinguish one disease from the other. The remote cause of milk-sick

ness being buried in obscurity has no doubt induced many to question its existence. Such persons might as well doubt that man has a spleen, because the most acute anatomists have not yet discovered its use.

July 11th, 1840.

REVIEWS.

ART. V.-Crania Americana; or a comparative view of the Skulls of various Aboriginal nations of North and South America: To which is prefixed an Essay on the Varieties of the Human Species. Illustrated by seventy-eight plates, and a colored map. By SAMUEL GEORGE MORTON, M.D., Professor of Anatomy in the Medical Department of Pennsylvania College at Philadelphia; member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; of the American Philosophical Society; of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; of the Boston Society of Natural History, &c., &c., Philadelphia; J. Dobson, Chesnut street. London; Lumpkin, Marshall & Co., 1839. Letter press, p. 296, folio.

In the last number of the Journal a promise was given, that, on renewing our remarks on this distinguished work, which, though the production of an individual, might well be called NATIONAL, we should endeavour to enrich our notice of it, with a greater amount of the special and detailed information which it contains, than was introduced into our former article respecting it. And our promise must be redeemed. In effecting this redemption however, it is not our intention to deal exclusively in specialties and details. We shall not lose sight of those great principles of science, nor fail occasionally to refer to them, which constitute an essential element of liberal knowledge, and without which science would deservedly forfeit its name and character, and degenerate into disjointed and common-place intelligence.

In a special manner we shall not fail to bear in mind that fundamental and all-controlling truth in physiology, whose influence and value have been heretofore too little attended to, and too lightly appreciated, especially by anthropologiststhat the nervous is the master-tissue of living organized matter, and that that portion of it called the brain is chiefly instrumental in creating distinctions between human individuals, as well as between varieties and races of men; and in giving to some of them a decided and permanent superiority over others. For, as intimated on a former occasion, that truth, when skilfully and ably employed, is calculated, far beyond any other, to shed light on the history and philosophy of man. Nor is its influence limited to the past and the present. To a certain extent it is also instinct with a spirit of foresight, and fitted to lift the curtain suspended in most cases between mankind and the future, and disclose to them somewhat of the destiny that awaits them.

Our reason for entertaining this opinion, which we know will not be likely to be favoured, at first view, with the belief of the multitude, may be succinctly stated. We can foresee what man would be, were he converted, by a well-conducted and thorough course of education and discipline, into a truly rational and moral being-were all his higher and nobler faculties we mean, so strengthened and trained, as to have the complete control of his inferior faculties, and his will so predominant as to have a corresponding mastery over them. And we can foresee what the condition of the world would be, were it peopled with beings so elevated and excellent. But were time allowed us, and were the discussion a suitable one for the present occasion, it would be easy to show, that a complete knowledge of the brain and nerves, and of the best scheme of exercising and improving them, would enable

mankind to produce in the world the state and condition of things, to which we have alluded. And that such knowledge and scheme, in no very limited degree, will be, in time to come, one of the products of phrenology, is highly probable. The future then, under such circumstances, is in part at least revealed to them. Though they have not obtained possession of the land of promise, they enjoy an antepast of it in prospect from the Pisgah they have ascended.

Such a view of things cannot, we think, be regarded as either fanciful or extravagant. Far from it. Founded on acknowledged truth, and constructed of sound materials, it cannot be otherwise than substantial and lasting. But we must proceed, without further preface, to our task of analysis.

In our article contained in the preceding number of this Journal, it was observed that Dr. Morton commences his work with an "Essay on the Varieties of the Human Species." And, for its extent, it is decidedly the most interesting and instructive we have ever perused. It contains the result of much and varied reading and research; its matter, though compressed within the narrowest limits, is rendered perfectly intelligible, by the simplicity, plainness, and perspicuity of the style; and, added to its historical information, it is interspersed with many striking and valuable remarks.

Alluding to the extensive, if not universal population of the earth, at the earliest epoch known to history, the writer correctly states, that "the oldest records seldom allude to an uninhabited country." Yet do some of those "records" go back to within a few centuries of the flood, and still find populous, powerful, and even cultivated nations. Indeed, according to our most accredited systems of chronology, within a single century and a year after the subsidence of the deluge, the east was sufficiently populous, and the inhabitants suffi