sittings not required, 63; immu-
nity of members, 63; not meant
to be controlled by public opin-
ion, 64; follows English prece-
dents, 73; attends the President's
audience chamber, 74; suspi-
cious of executive designs, 76;
original relations to the admin-
istration, 81; squabble over site
of national capital, 86; connec-
tion with administration dislo-
cated by party spirit, 88; origin
of system of standing commit-
tees, 88; President consulted on
committee chairmanships, 155;
diversities in election of mem-
bers, 156; national regulation of
elections, 160; extends its juris-
diction, 164; establishment of a
parliamentary régime, 165; de-
termines national policy, 166;
administrative relations affected
by Jackson's election, 168; end
of the parliamentary régime, 173;
reduced importance of, 192; a
diplomatic body, 221; character-
istics of its procedure, 222; sub-
ordinate to party organization,
223, 294; development of its
committee system, 225; explana-
tion of its peculiarities, 228; op-
pressed by its own mechanism,
229; unable to legislate carefully,
231; no direct representation of
general interests, 232: subservi-
ent to special interests, 233; apt
to misconceive public opinion,
234; subject to irresponsible
control, 235; its character exem-
plified by the Record, 237; origi-
nal respect for President's initia-
tive, 278; congressional policy
shaped by executive influence,
279-283; disposition to shift re-
sponsibility to the President, 284-
286; final place in our constitu-

tional system, 370; can admit
heads of administration to direct
participation in legislative pro-
ceedings, 383-394; results of the
present separation of executive
and legislative branches, 394-
396.

Connecticut, 10, 167, 191.
Constitution of the United States,
starting-point, 40; inside politics
of movement, 41-44; formation
of, 45-57; modelled on English
constitution, 47; an embodiment
of Whig doctrine, 51; English
reform ideas incorporated, 52;
anti-democratic nature, 53, 54;
a deposit from the stream of
English constitutional ideas, 56;
originated a new type of govern-
ment, 57; theory of its checks
and balances, 60; fallacious ex-
pectations of, 67; energized by
the gentry, 68; failure of, as a
general model of government,
68; effect upon course of politi-
cal development, 71; leaves great
latitude to state action, 150;
scheme of presidential election
miscarries, 153; diversities in
appointment of presidential elec-
tors, 154; attempts at amend-
ment, 159; broad construction
tendency developed in Congress,
164 nature of the veto power,
177; its development, 183; ex-
tends to items, 185; effacement
of the constitutional design for
the election of President, 208;
the genesis of the nullification
doctrine, 211; of the secession
movement, 212; lack of proper
organs for democratic func-
tions, 215; its character as a
working machine of government,
217; function of the convention
system, 220; constitutional func-

7, 116, 159.

Democracy, fear of, 45, 46; fav-
ored by territorial conditions,
69; Fisher Ames on, 125; ten-
dencies towards, 134; political
upheaval of, 158; effects upon
mode of presidential election,
159; its constitutional expression
in America and England com-
pared, 213; mode of its consti-
tutional development, 219; con-
verts the presidency into an
elective kingship, 293; multiplies
elective offices, 299; its ideal a
perfect medium for social activi-
ties, 375; the democratic type of
government, 376; its grand pos-
sibilities, 377, 378, 380; human
progress a democratic principle,
378.
Democratic party founded by Jack-
son, 172; obtained possession of
the Jeffersonian tradition, 173;
support of the veto power a
party principle, 181.

cretionary body, 50; controlled
by the Congressional Caucus, 155;
diversity in modes of state ap-
pointment, 154; district system
of election abandoned, 159; be-
comes subservient to popular
control, 161; becomes a demo-
cratic agency, 214; divested of
its original discretion, 219.
Ellsworth, Oliver, denounces Jef-
ferson in charging a jury, 113;
on President's revisionary power
over legislation, 177.
England, political instability, 23;
prevalence of corruption, 24;
vigor of representative institu-
tions, 26; antipathy to repub-
lics, 28; attachment to balanced
powers of government, 29; atti-
tude to United States during
Confederation period, 38; pes-
simistic sentiment, 66; modern
constitutional theory of, 93; de-
velopment of its political charac-
teristics, 122; politics during the

prerogative, 25.

Gordon, William, on origin of

Federalist party, supports the adop-
tion of constitution, 101; sup-
ports the administration, 105;
behavior of judges, 112; enacts
the alien and sedition laws, 113;
wrecked by them, 117; causes
of its weakness, 117; its rise in
New York, 143; election trick-
ery, 151.

Fillmore, Millard, 280.
Fox, Henry, 138, 337.
France, opposed large concessions

to America, 16; indifferent to
American welfare, 37; constitu-
tion of 1791, 68; sustains Frank-
lin, 97; mentioned, 373.
Franco-mania, its prevalence in

caucus, 4.

Grant, U. S., holds that appropri-
ations are not mandatory, 185;
interested in Mexican recipro-
city treaty, n. 245; condemns
Tenure of Office Act, 267.
Griffin, Cyrus, president of Con-
gress, 4; on America's contempt-
ible situation, 38.
Guizot on federal government, 57.
Gustavus III. of Sweden, 22.

Hamilton, Alexander, on the Con-
federation, 37; how to govern
men, 47; favors strong executive,
54; on administration, 59; de-
spondent of public affairs, n. 66;
his scheme of presidential eti-
quette, 72; Maclay's opinion of,
76; attitude to Adams' adminis-
tration, n. 80; his maxim of
practical politics, 81; assumes
functions of a crown minister,
81; organizes Treasury depart-
ment, n. 81; adheres to English
precedents, 82; premier of the
ministry, n, 82; his financial
measures, 83; his self-sacrificing
public spirit, 85; bargains with
Jefferson to carry the Assump-
tion bill, 87; one of the authors
of The Federalist, 110; regards
alien and sedition laws as im-
politic, 114; political methods in
New York, 143; plans the Chris-
tian Constitutional Society, 145;
political sharp practice proposed
to Jay, 151; on the presidential
veto, 176; compares it with the
royal negative, 178; on supreme
importance of presidential elec-
tion, 196; senators to have no

Macaulay, Mrs. Catherine, 354.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 129,
214, 335, 338, 339, 341, 344,
352.
Maclay, William, describes Wash-
ington's manner, 74; criticises
the federal leaders, 76; and
Washington too, 77; describes
attempt to use Senate as a privy
council, 77; describes visit of
Jefferson to Senate chamber, n.
81; puffs John Adams for Vice-
President, 86; on Washington's
attention to Representatives, 135:
on appeals to the aid of the
Senate, 259; on senatorial de-
portment, 265.

Madison, James, inside politics of
national movement, 42; democ-
racy prone to dishonesty, 45;
favored national negative on
state legislation, 49; on the
Senate, 53; need of legislative
restraint, 54; public safety the
supreme law, 55; on principles
of government, 60; definition of
a republic, 62; declines to confer
with the Senate, 78; moves to
reduce General St. Clair's salary,

86; defends grant of power to
Secretary of the Treasury, 87; a
national politician, IOI; Re-
publican leader, 102; attacks
foreign policy of Washington's
administration, 107; one of the
authors of The Federalist, IIO;
carried executive authority to
extreme lengths, 132; excuses
party change of policy, 163; de-
fends property qualifications of
suffrage, 168; use of the veto
power, 179; on control of legisla-
tive assemblies, 237; on powers
of House of Representatives,
247; on the authority of the
Senate, 257; subjected to dicta-
tion by the Senate, 260; on se-
curity against senatorial ascen-
dency, 358.

Maine, 7.

Marshall, John, 120, 155, 168.
Martin, Luther, 102.
Maryland, 7, 40, 159, 160, 167.
Mason, George, on popular inca-
pacity, 45; on legislative delin-
quency, 47; opposed to the con-
stitution, n. 79.
Massachusetts, 116, 152, 167, 191.
McKean, Governor, 127.
McKinley, William, 241.
MacPherson, Senator, holds back
the tariff bill, n. 272.
Mercer, John Francis, 46.
Michigan temporarily adopts dis-
trict system of choosing presiden-
tial electors, 160.
Milton, John, on English political
instability, 23; on a free com-
monwealth, 27; on origin of Par-
liament, 122.
Mississippi, 116, 160.

Missouri, 160, 166, 167, 190, 263.
Monroe, James, President's patron-
age used against De Witt Clinton,
149; devises constitutional loop-