in the "Religious World." It is interesting, to say the least. "The Circle of Divine Ministry" is reported to us by one of its officials as being composed of small groups of "earnest truth-seekers who have met at regular intervals for silent ministry through concentrated thought." A meeting was held April 16, 1896, for the purpose of uniting the members of several of these circles " to promulgate through organization the truth taught in Divine Science." Rooms have been secured at 58 West Thirty-third Street, New York, which will be opened for meetings about the first of November. "The noon hour will be daily kept for silent ministry." We do not wish to seem to -criticise what is without doubt the work of earnest and noble spirits, but we cannot help wondering if any members of this circle really understand the following quotation: "The whole work is to be carried on with Impersonal Truth as its Guide; Divine Principle its founda#ion; all personalities standing as willing servants, never as rulers. In the views presented of the Great Sphere of Truth variety will tend toward unification as the vision clears and broadens." We confess that the idea of impersonality as a guide is too mystical for our prosaic minds. Possibly the Buddhists would be able to grasp it, but Occidental thought has never yet had a place for impersonality as a guide and director over personality. Our own feeling concerning this movement is that the earnestness and devotion of those connected with it accounts for the good which it does, and that no explanation of its results is to be found in the theories by which it is commonly attempted to explain them.

Viscount Halifax and the

Church of Rome

The late meeting of the Church Congress of England was held in the old town of Shrewsbury. As we have

read the proceedings of the various meetings we have found but two or three items which will interest American readers. One which seems very singular to us is the open advocacy of co-operation between the church and the public-house, or saloon, in the interests of good morals. Such suggestions are seldom heard in this country, and the number of those who make them on the other side is rapidly diminishing. But to our mind the most interesting of all the papers was that in which Viscount Halifax expressed his opinion concerning the recent Papal Bull. It will be remembered that Lord Halifax is the most conspicuous leader of the extreme High Church party which has been seeking recognition of Anglican Orders from the Pope. From the report of the address in the "Christian World" we quote as follows:

"In regard to our relations with the Church of Rome," he said, " while it is absolutely vain to expect that England would ever accept the idea of the Papacy as we have been accustomed to have it presented to us, we could never hesitate to admit whatever can be shown to be in accordance with the will of our Blessed Lord, and the teaching of the Primitive Church." It would, he asserted, have been a great happiness if Rome had done the Church of England justice. It would not only have removed a great obstacle to reunion, but it would have inclined the minds of all to listen favorably to explanations which might have prepared the way to peace. Not for a long time would Rome have such an opportunity again. A careful study of the Bull, Lord Halifax continued, necessitated the conclusion that the point at issue had not been so much the validity of English Orders as the reopening of a matter already decided by the Holy Office in 1704. The alleged defects in the form and intention which the Pope's letter found in the English Ordinal had by anticipation already been answered by Roman theologians, and dismissed as worthless. In concluding, he said St. Paul, in a matter which he considered vital, withstood St. Peter; and the Bishops in communion with Canterbury might cite his example, and reply to Peter's successor that in the matter in which "he walks not uprightly, according to the truth of the Gospel," they, too, would "withstand him to the face," and would know how to defend the position and rights of the churches committed to their keeping by the great Head of the Church.

Among the eminent visitors to our Rev. W. Robertson Nicoll country from Great Britain this season is the Rev. W. Robertson Nicoll, who during the last few years has come into great prominence as an editor and author. He was first widely known when he was chosen to succeed the late Dr. Cox as editor of the "Expositor." About the same time, or very soon after, the publication of the "British Weekly" was begun by Hodder & Stoughton, and Dr. Nicoll became its first editor. He also started the "Bookman." Poor health turned Dr. Nicoll from the pulpit to journalism. He has no reason to regret the course which Providence has marked out for him. He is a born editor. He has a scent for men of genius as keen as a hunting-dog for game. To him belongs the credit of having discovered the great gifts of Barrie, Crockett, and Ian Maclaren. Many of their writings first reached the public through the columns of the

"British Weekly." Dr. Nicoll came to this country in company with Mr. Barrie, and we believe that they are traveling together and expect to sail for home early in November. Few men have accomplished larger results in the same length of time than Dr. Nicoll. We shall be much surprised if his visit to this country does not yield him more than renewed health, and if the columns of the periodicals of which he is editor do not prove him to be a shrewd observer and an accurate chronicler. He is one of the men whose utterances should be carefully watched, for he has an eye both for the strong and weak points in life and society.

The Rev. S. B. Fairbank, D.D., has just Fifty Years a Missionary completed fifty years as missionary in India. He went to the American Mar

athi Mission in Bombay in the fall of 1846. His work has been at Ahmednagar, Bombay, Wadale, and since 1889 most of the time at Kodaikanal, in South India. During all these years he has been only three times on furloughs to the United States, and he hopes to end his days in India. During his first years there he did much literary work in connection with the management of the Mission Press in Bombay. He has established mission stations in various country districts at a distance from the large cities, preaching and superintending Sunday-schools, where now have developed churches and large Christian communities. Dr. Fairbank has gained much influence and helped the people in the country districts in which he has lived by his study of agriculture and introduction of implements and methods adapted to make their labor more efficient and productive. He has given the people an object-lesson in his experimental farm, which bore larger crops than those of his neighbors. This he did not only to help the people financially, but to promote self-support in the village churches by producing a thrifty farming community. Dr. Fairbank also has done much for music in India. He translated, composed, taught, and encouraged it. He also has had a strong liking for natural science, and studied and wrote much along that line. His studies have helped him to retain a freshness and alertness of mind which makes him even at the age of seventy-four a very acceptable preacher, both in England and Marathi. In the community where he has lived he is looked up to with reverence and affection by all classes. We have condensed the above from a letter to a Bombay paper signed "R. A. H.," which we presume to be the Rev. Robert A. Hume. He says: "The secret of Dr. Fairbank's usefulness lies, of course, in his character, of which the first trait is transparent truthfulness, and the second is sympathy. These traits have been connected with versatile gifts. His truthfulness makes men trust and honor him. His sympathy has led him to appreciate all good traits in the Indian character, and to like the Indian people more and more." Dr. Fairbank is father of a family of missionaries; his two sons are working in India; his eldest daughter, Mrs. T. S. Smith, is in Ceylon; his third daughter, Mrs. R. A. Hume, is at Ahmednagar; and other daughters are pursuing their education in America, hoping to return to India as mission

aries.

Prison Chaplains

A Congress of the Chaplains of the various State prisons in the United States was held in Milwaukee beginning September 29. The Congress was in session three days. Among the resolutions adopted were two worthy of mention. They are as follows:

Resolved, That we desire to be reckoned with those honored wardens who have borne testimony, as we think, for the cleanness of the prison, for better conditions of study in the prison, for the health and good habits of prisoners, and for their quickened ambition, by advising against the use of narcotics in our reformatory institutions.

Resolved, That we confidently look forward to the time when the obligation to seek the reformation of offenders will be recognized wherever Society deprives them of their liberty, and to that extent become especially responsible for their welfare.

This testimony is valuable. No class of men who have to do with the inmates of our prisons study the prisoners with more care than the chaplains, and their recognition of the obligation of the State to seek the reformation of offenders is of great value. It is high time that the fact were more clearly appreciated that the State itself is largely responsible for the crime committed by those whom it punishes. It cannot be said that it is altogether responsible, or is so far responsible as to excuse those who do wrong; but the State allows the conditions which make criminals possible, and is, therefore, a partner in much, if not most, crime. The least it can do in justice is to seek the reformation of those whose lives have been blighted by the conditions which it permits, and often profits by. One of the interesting features of the Convention was a paper by Chaplain W. J. Batt, of Concord, Mass., entitled "Can the Grade of our Chaplains' Service be Raised; and if so, How?" Any one who knows the work which Mr. Batt has done for many years at Concord can answer the question even better than Mr. Batt has in his admirable paper. If any one really desires to know how the grade of the chaplains' service can be raised, let him go to the reformatory at Concord and see the wonders which Mr. Batt himself has accomplished.

A Co-operative Employment Bureau Several months ago we referred in The Outlook to a Co-operative Employment Bureau that had been established in New York City. We have received from the Secretary of the Employment Bureau a report of the year's work. In a letter accompanying this report the Secretary says that the Co-operative Employment Bureau has been a great success; 660 people have registered in the office during the year. Of this number 483 were placed in situations. The Bureau supplies governesses, trained nurses, and household servants, who are recommended only by people of known standards. It is the hope of the Employment Bureau to establish an industrial school in which young girls can be trained to domestic service. The Bureau, in order to remove what

is so disagreeable in the ordinary employment bureau, employs the applicants for situations in hemming towels, which are sold to subscribers and their friends. An annual sub

scription of six dollars entitles subscribers to the use of the Bureau at a reduced fee of $1.50. The managers will make personal investigations of the references of employees for an additional fee of fifty cents. The Co-operative Employment Bureau is located in the Chauncey Building, 331 Madison Avenue, corner of Forty-third Street.

The New Knowledge in the Home

A correspondent sends us the following letter, which is one of the most hopeful signs of the times. That we are living in an age of progress iş acknowledged. Every field and avenue of employment and enjoyment and education aims at perfection. It would be strange if this did not react on the home, if the home did not get the reflex of this cumulative knowledge. We have really reached the point where home science bears the same relation to the home to-day that new theology does to religion. We have new interpretations in every direction, and the following letter shows that the most conservative of all women, the wives and mothers on farms, have realized that intelligence means economy of effort, economy of strength, economy of money. To secure the maximum of results with the minimum of effort is the aim of every intelligent woman to-day. That there is still tremendous waste of thought, of energy, of time, is true, but we are in the transition stage. The old has not been entirely replaced by the new. Only the more advanced are able to conserve what is good in the old and add to it the cumulative knowledge of years. With knowledge comes a sense of proportion, and when a woman has acquired a sense of proportion she has learned the art of living.

progressive series of simple dishes selected with reference to their most practical use at home, and were also an object-lesson to the public as to the need and practicability of this department.

Cooking-Classes Among the Poor Dear Outlook: The many failures of cookingclasses undertaken to teach the girls or mothers in tenement-house districts how to prepare wholesome food are attributed to various causes. One of the reasons is undoubtedly that, not having learned that the price of food by no means always varies with the nutritive value, the pupils look with suspicion on a teacher who advises the buying of cheaper goods. "If you were buying steak, what kind would you prefer?" asked one teacher of a class of girls, ranging from twelve to sixteen years of age. "Porterhouse!" was the unanimous answer, though why no one knew, except that it was higher priced. The teacher tried to show them that round steak was more eco

nomical and quite as palatable, but the girls probably thought that she would not have preached such a doctrine to a richer class.

The frying-pan is in such general use in the tenement-house that it is not well to arouse prejudice by decrying its use. Even if the housekeeper wished to give it up, the stove is usually in such poor condition that baking or roasting is almost impossible. Much may be done by giving recipes suitable to the frying-pan, and teaching how best to use it. This has been the plan followed at the West Coney Island Home of the New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor. Conventional lines have not been followed, but the girls have been taught to choose foods and then to prepare them in the most economical and palatable way.

What is wanted is not necessarily an economy on the total amount expended on food, but a rearrangement of the different items.

It must be remembered that, entirely apart from the ignorance of the values of food, much of the inability to gain the greatest amount of nutrition is owing to a lack of time. It is quite common for the wife to be employed during the day, and when she comes home after a hard day's work she must prepare her food in the most expeditious manner, which is usually the least preservative of nutrition. Even if she can remain at home all day, the heat in the summer will compel her to use her kitchen fire only so much as is absolutely necessary, for the limited room of her tenement home would otherwise become absolutely unbearable.

A. L. S.

The above statement is interesting and most hopeful. One thing must be remembered that the word poor is very elastic; its elasticity is far greater than that accorded the word charity. The social problems with which we are wrestling to-day would be much more quickly solved if every wife were a good, economical cook; and this applies to all classes to which the word economy can be applied morally. Poor cooking to-day represents the greatest waste of the poor man's income. No one disputes the enormous waste of foods in the homes of the rich. There economy has no moral quality, perhaps. It is the difference between life and death in the poor man's home. The reason that cooking-classes do not have a more direct effect in the homes of the workingmen is because the basis on which the teachers work is unpedagogical. Too many of the teachers sent out are cooks and not teachers. The trouble is that what kind

of food is eaten by the people who are to be taught is not known by the teachers, and it is taken for granted too often that it is unwholesome and without nutrition. Neither of these things is wholly true. What is needed is a close study by the students in our cookingschools of the foods held in greatest favor among the poor, and experiments in cooking these foods in many ways. Teach the children how to cook these foods, how to buy them, and, above all things, avoid condemning them. Add to a course of ten lessons not more than six unknown dishes. This plan followed for one course will enable the child to use her

knowledge for her family. The courses given are almost always such as would be useful to a child several degrees higher in the social scale than the child found in a free cookingclass. Utensils to cook the foods are required which the child cannot have in her own home. She cannot carry the fruits of her lesson home, for the materials would cost more than the family purse would allow. The les. sons given in cooking-classes are usually based on the theory that the pupils will earn their

living as servants. Less than two per cent. ever do. When the lessons are given to the mothers, no thought is taken of the inherited likings for certain foods, the prejudices against new dishes-this is a prejudice common to all classes but those enjoying the privileges of travel; and, more often than the critics of the poor realize, the tactlessness of the teacher in decrying the foods commonly used, and the methods of cooking employed, make her teaching of no value. The more intelligent the women pupils in the class, the more certain they are to resent the implied and often outspoken criticism.

The methods of teaching must change. The cooking-schools must teach teaching methods more than they do. Social conditions governing the people among whom the students are to work must be studied. The standards of elementary training must be raised. The teacher, before she leaves the school, should do not less than six months of observing and practice, under a director appointed by the Association with which she is affiliated, in cooking-classes in clubs and schools before she is given a certificate. She must not attempt to use, or teach, scientific terms before women who find difficulty in reading a column in a newspaper.

The method will yet be tried of allowing the class to choose three dishes for the lesson and no more, and the pupils will select two of their number at each lesson as buyers, who will buy the materials after they are chosen. The teacher will then be able to point out the value of a knowledge of foods, as she cannot when she does not have the evidence of her pupils' knowledge and ignorance before her as a guide. The class will select the known materials, the teacher the unknown, that will add to the nutrition, the palatableness, of the foods selected. That much is taught, as a usual thing, at each lesson. It must be remembered that comparatively few tenementhouse women or children can take notes.

The classes are taken into an unknown country without preparation; often with impediments rather than helps, in unknown words that are obstructions instead of guides through a (to them) trackless wilderness. Teach them how to use what they know, and teach but three dishes at each lesson-if the pupils are ignorant, only two-and repeat five lessons in When this is done, the results

each course.

of the cooking-classes maintained for the benefit of the working people will bear some relation to their cost; they will bear the part they should in improving social conditions. The methods of teaching employed must improve.

A Mother's Question

A very earnest letter has been received at this office from a mother who asks this question: How can a mother with little twins at home ready for mischief, and two older children in school, find time to give to her own improvement or recreation? Should she make a law assigning to herself a certain amount of time each day? Further on, this mother asks and judging from her letter she asks the question because she has been called to office- "How can the mother of such a

family, who has but a small amount of money for dressmaker's bills, and who feels that she must attend the mother classes in the kindergarten college-how can this woman reconcile her various duties and obligations to the public requirements even to organize and carry forward so good a cause as a club for child study?" This is one of the most serious questions that any mother of intelligence, and with the natural gift of organization and leadership, has to answer. The mothers of the Home Club are asked to express an opinion, or make suggestions to such mothers as will enable them to feed their own lives, and yet have all time and strength to give to the husband and children who are the first objects of their love and care.

The Mothers' Congress

We have referred before in these columns to the National Congress of Mothers to be held in Washington in February of 1897. The purpose of this Conference is to bring together mothers and women interested in the development of children, with a view to an exchange of experiences, of knowledge, and of suggestion. The projectors of the conference are women in prominent positions at the National Capital-Mrs. Stevenson, Mrs. Carlisle, Mrs. Herbert, Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Har mon, Miss Morton, Mrs. Hearst, and others. The Executive Committee of the Council request that all Mothers' Clubs now organized should send short accounts of their clubs to the Council at once, and that, if possible, each organization shall send one delegate. Full information as to the plans of the Council can be obtained by addressing Executive Council, National Congress of Mothers, 1400 New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, D. C.

Women's Club Programmes

In August The Outlook asked that the Mothers' Clubs of this country forward their programmes for their winter's work to The Outlook. The Outlook has been receiving for years requests from groups of women for suggestions as to lines of study and reading, for ideas as to the kind of work that it would be well for women's clubs to follow out. These have been answered by personal letters. Recognizing this need of the women of the country, The Outlook thought that the best way to secure the required information for its readers was to request those women who were already organized in clubs and had experimented, and who found certain lines of work successful, to send programmes of that work for publication. Hundreds have been received. Some (a very small number) have been published. The similarity between many of the programmes is so close as to make them almost duplicates, and it has been impossible to refer to each programme separately, and, in the main, needless.

One of the most noted clubs in this country is the Chicago Woman's Club. This club is more than a club; it is an institute. The club is divided into departments-Reform, Home, Education, Art and Literature, Philanthropy, Philosophy and Science. Each department has its own special day of meeting. The Home, Education, Philanthropy, Philosophy and Science have each a study class. Each department has its own chairman and its separate committee. For example, the Committee on Reform have a "committee to secure training-schools for nurses in connec"comtion with the county institutions;" a mittee to visit institutions and secure reform in their management;" a "committee on reform in laws affecting women and children;" a "committee in charge of the jail school;" a "committee to secure the appointment of women physicians in all public institutions where women and children are cared for;" a "committee to report action of civic federation in regard to municipal affairs;" a "committee on parliamentary law," and a "committee to distribute reading matter

in county institutions." This Committee also has its representative on the "Board of Protective Agency." The Committee on Education have a "Chicago Public School Art Association committee," a "committee on school children's aid," a "committee on the Board of Protective Agency," and a "committee of conference on federated clubs of Chicago." The study class for Education has as its theme for the winter "The Fundamental Principles of Education." The leader is Mrs. Alice Whitney Putnam, one of the leading kindergarten educators of tais country. The Home Department maintains a class in domestic science, with Mrs. Helen Campbell as lecturer. Its regular meetings are given to the consideration of questions of municipal government in the broadest sense, the Health Department, gas, street railways, water, guardianship of children, public libraries, lodginghouses, and hospital service, all coming under the head of the Home Committee. The Reform Department maintains a course of lectures on studies in charities and correction.

The Coterie, of Danville, N. Y., has taken up five Shakespeare plays for study this winter: Richard III., The Merchant of Venice, Julius Cæsar, Hamlet, and Macbeth.

The Zetetic Club of Sioux City, Iowa, has selected for the work of 1896 and 1897 American History, as represented in the several large cities-Charleston, Baltimore, Washington,

Philadelphia, New York, Boston. The history, literature, and art development of these cities, with at least a study of the character of one noted citizen, completes the programme for each week.

The Hamilton, N. Y., Fortnightly Club was organized in 1837. The programme for 1895 and 1896 was the Victorian Era. This programme considered movements in the church, in literature, in art, in government, during that period. For 1896 and 1897 the programme of the club, following the same plan, consists of Studies in Early England.

The Friends in Council, of Springfield, Mo., have taken up Greek history, literature, and government for the first part of their programme. Anthony and Cleopatra are the subjects for the latter half of the year.

The State Federation of Women's Clubs of Michigan has sent out a number of questions with a view to discovering the kind of work done in the clubs of the State. The Unity Club of Lansing has a programme that covers art, education, ethics, home science, child study, biography, and history for its winter programme.

Books Received

For Week ending October 23

AMERICAN BOOK CO., NEW YORK

Crockett, C. W. Elements of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry. $1.25.

C. W. BARDEEN, SYRACUSE

Harris, William T. Horace Mann. 50 cts.
Weaver, E. W. Pictures in Language Work. 50 cts.

A. S. BARNES & CO., NEW YORK
York.

Harrison, Mrs. Burton. History of the City of

THE BIGLOW & MAIN CO., NEW YORK

College Hymnal. 80 cts.

BONNELL, SILVER & CO., NEW YORK Pentecost, Rev. George F., D.D. Grace Abounding in the Forgiveness of Sins. $1. Pentecost, George F., D.D. If You Think Christ Will Take Me.

HENRY T. COATES & CO., PHILADELPHIA

Lillie, Lucy C. Elinor Belden.
Wright. Julia McNair. The Pooles' Millions. $1.50.
De Amicis, Edmondo. Constantinople. Translated
by Maria H. Lansdale. Illustrated. 2 Vols. $5.
Yriarte, Charles. Venice. Translated by F. J. Sit-
Illustrated. $3.

CONGREGATIONAL SUNDAY-SCHOOL AND
PUBLISHING SOCIETY, BOSTON

Huntington, Professor George. The Rockanock
Stage. $1.50.

THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., NEW YORK Starrett, Helen E. After College, What? For Girls. 35 cts.

35 cts.

Dole, Charles F. The Golden Rule in Business. Farrar, the Very Rev. F. W., D.D. The Paths of Duty. 35 cts.

Miller, Rev. J. R., D.D. The Story of a Busy Life. (Recollections of Mrs. George A. Paull.) $1. Fenn, George Manville. Beneath the Sea. $1.50. Doudney, Sarah. Katherine's Keys. $1.50. Marshall, Emma. Only Susan. $1.50.

E. P. DUTTON & CO., NEW YORK

EATON & MAINS, NEW YORK
ESTES & LAURIAT, BOSTON

Ayres, S. G. Fifty Literary Evenings. 25 cts.

Dumas, Alexandre. Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge. Swett, Susan H. Field Clover and Beach Grass. Laurie. André. The Crystal City. Translated by

L. A. Smith.

Theuriet, André. Song Birds and Seasons. $1.75.
Swett, Sophie. Pennyroyal and Mint.
Neukomm, Edmond. The Rulers of the Sea.
Richards, Laura E. Some Say.
Richards, Laura E. Isla Heron. 75 cts.

EUGENE FIELD MONUMENT SOUVENIR FUND, 180 MONROE STREET, CHICAGO Field Flowers. (Eugene Field Monument Souvenir.) $1.

HENRY FROWDE, NEW YORK Wordsworth. William. Poetical Works. Edited by Thomas Hutchinson. (Oxford Edition.) $3.50.

Kuhns.

Stories. $1.50.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Household Papers and
Harris, W. T. The Spiritual Sense of Dante's.
Divina Commedia. $1.25.

Reese, Lizette W. A Quiet Road. $1.
Hill, George Birkbeck, Talks About Autographs..
$3.50.
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord. The Coming of Arthur

and Other Idylls of the King. Washington, George. Rules of Conduct. Aldrich, Thomas Bailey. Friar Jerome's Beautiful Book. Decorated by W. S. Hadaway. $1.50..

LEE & SHEPARD, BOSTON Tomlinson, Everett T. Tecumseh's Young Braves. $1.50.

Optic, Oliver. On the Staff. (The Blue and the
Gray Series.) $1.50.

LIBRARY BUREAU, BOSTON
F. to for

Sargent John ompilerlemereading by the

Sargent. $1.

LONGMANS, GREEN & CO.. NEW YORK

Lang, Andrew. The Animal Story Book. $2. Morris, William. The Well at the World's End. 2 Vols. $7.50.

Haggard, H. Rider. The Wizard. $1.25.

LOTHROP PUBLISHING CO., BOSTON
The Children's History Book. By Famous Story-
Tellers. $1.50.

Beal, Mary B. The Boys of Clovernook. $1.50.
Swett, Sophie. The Ponkaty Branch Road and
Other Stories for Young People. $1.
Wilson, Calvin D., and J. K. Reeve. Bible Boys.
Coursen, Frances B. What the Dragon-Fly Told
the Children. $1.50.

and Girls. $1.

Hingst, Adolphine C., and Esther J. Ruskay. Rhymes and Songs for My Little Ones. $1.50. Brooks, Elbridge S. The True Story of Abraham Lincoln, the American. $1.50.

R. R. M'CABE & CO., CHICAGO Palmer, H. R., C. C. McCabe, and M. R. Brouse.. Life-Time Hymns.

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, NEW YORK

Cowles, James L. A General Freight and Passenger Post. 75 cts.

Irving, Washington. Stories and Legends. $1.50. Porter, Rose. About Children: What Men and

Women Have Said. $1.

Stone, Eliza A. Concerning Friendship. $1.
Traill, H. D. Social England. Vol. V. $3.50.
GEORGE H. RICHMOND & CO., NEW YORK
Cowan, James. Daybreak: A Romance of an Old
World. $1.50.
Peters, William T. Posies Out of Rings and Other
Conceits.

Money-Coutts, F. B. Poems.
Plarr, Victor. In the Dorian Mood.
Hopper, Nora. Under Quicken Boughs.
Watson, E. H. Lacon. The Unconscious Humorist
and Other Essays.

Ruding, Walt. An Evil Motherhood.
ROBERTS BROS., BOSTON

Wesselhoeft, Lily F. Jerry the Blunderer. $1.25.
Raymond. Evelyn. A Cape May Diamond. $1.50.
Tucker, Genevieve, M.D. Mother, Baby, and Nur-
sery. (A Manual for Mothers.) $1.50.

Nicholson, Claud. Ugly Idol. $1.
Balfour, Marie C. Maris Stella. $1.
Plympton, A. G. The Black Dog and Other Stories.

$1.25.

Dabney, Julia P. Little Daughter of the Sun. $1.25. Wells, Benjamin W. Modern French Literature.

$1.50.

Ambrosius, Johanna. Poems. Edited by Professor Karl Schrattenthal. Translated by Mary J. Safford. $1.50.

CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK Andrews, E. Benjamin. The History of the Last Quarter-Century in the United States, 18701895. 2 Vols. $6.

Barrie, J. M. Sentimental Tommy. $1.50. Harland, Marion, and Christine Terhune Herrick.

The National Cook Book. $1.50.

Robertson, George C. Elements of General Philosophy. Edited by C. A. Foley Rhys Davids. $1. SILVER, BURDETT & CO., BOSTON Mowry, William A., and A. M. Mowry. A History of the United States for Schools. Pettee, George D. Plane Geometry. 75 cts.

THE FREDERICK A. STOKES CO., NEW_YORK Heaton, John Langdon. The Quilting Bee and Other Rhymes. $1.

Hatton, Bessie.

ie. The Village of Youth and Other Fairy Tales. Illustrated by W. H. Margetson. $1.50.

Willard, Eleanor W. Children's Singing Games.
$1.25.
Tucker. Elizabeth S., and Frances Brundage. Little
Belles and Beaux. $1.25.

STONE & KIMBALL, NEW YORK

Macleod, Fiona. The Washer of the Ford. $1.25. Canton, William. W. V., Her Book, and Various Verses. $1.25.

THOMAS WHITTAKER, NEW YORK Marshall, Emma. Abigail Templeton. $1. Bartow, Annie K. The Sign of the North Star.

50 cts.

Little, Caroline F. Little Winter-Green. 50 cts.
Tytler, Sarah. Tudor Queens and Princesses. $1.50.
Otis, James. On Schedule Time. 75 cts.
Lonergan, Walter F. Historic Churches of Paris.
Illustrated by Brinsley S. Le Fanu. $4.50.
The Madonna Calendar, 1897. 50 cts.
Longfellow, H. W. Resignation. 60 cts.
Brainard, Miss M. G. Not Knowing. 60 cts.
Not Changed but Glorified. (Poem of Consolation.)

60 cts.

Tennyson, Alfred. Crossing the Bar. 60 cts.
Rand, Edward A. Behind Manhattan Gables.

$1.25. Giberne, Agnes. The Girl at the Dower House. Marshall, Emma. By the North Sea. $1.25. W. A. WILDE & CO., BOSTON Tomlinson, Everett T. Three Young Continentals. $1.50.

$1.50.

The Spectator

The Spectator was greatly interested in a characteristically suggestive little paper "On Coming Back," contributed by Mr. Howells to a recent issue of the "Atlantic Monthly " apropos of a return after a long absence to the pages which he had once ruled as editor. Mr. Howells feared that he might thus repeat the mortification of his boyhood when, after being away for a year (a year was "a century" then) from the town where he had before lived, he went back to find that the town had not apparently missed him, at least as he had thought it must have; or the mortification of his manhood when, after a residence in Venice of four years and an absence of eighteen years, he went back to find that he was not "recognizably different from the strangers arriving by the same train" to the gondoliers, beggars, guides, sacristans, and "the men who sold small puppies and turtles in front of Florian's." Mr. Howells's philosophy of these and similar experiences of us all is that "if I could have gone back the same person I went away, it would have been all very well, and I should much more imaginably have met the warm welcome I missed;" but "we do really change a great deal," "and I had changed so much that my old self and I felt it very keenly;" adding, "If we come back, it is as ghosts, and

that was the trouble with my own returns." From all of which Mr. Howells is "almost ready to say" that "one had better never go back anywhere."

The Spectator is very glad for the saving "almost" in what seems to him otherwise a too sweepingly inclusive conclusion, due to an over-refinement of that subtlety in psychological analysis of which Mr. Howells is the acknowledged master. There are "comings

back" or

"goings back "-the latter seems

the handier phrase-which, as all appreciate, owe their chief pleasure to the renewal of an

acquaintance by one's changed self with one's old self-the going back to Alma Mater, for example. We speak of such a going back in common phrase as "living college days over again "-a phrase that implies the change (the different selves), which gives the return that ghostlike quality which Mr. Howells finds to be the essence of its disappointment. And just here, with going back to college as an illustration, the Spectator would point out a distinction which he thinks Mr. Howells's over

refined subtlety has missed the difference in effect on the person going back if the time chosen be one that many others have also chosen for going back, or some time when one goes back alone. At the Commencement season

the renewed camaraderie in living college days over again, while it accentuates the fact of the changed self, Mr. Howells's ghostlike quality of the return-since it is a set gathering of graduates or ghosts-yet through a ghostly fellowship gives to the resurrection a pleasureable sense of reality, despite its make-believe. But is there a lonelier, more truly ghostlike place in the world than the same college campus visited by a graduate on some chance occasion, peopled as it then is with a hundred unseen forms that have never existed at all to the substantial young fellows he rubs against as he walks about, as heedless of them as they of him?

The personal equation enters so largely into any analysis of this sort, and the minor conditions so often determine it, that the Spectator does not hesitate as he otherwise would to match his more limited experiences with those given by Mr. Howells. As he recalls some of them he is distinctly conscious of differences in environment, slight, some would say trivial, but sufficient of themselves to account for any feeling of disappointment. For example, the Spectator, who had looked forward with keenest anticipations to his second visit to London, was driven much against his will to a confession of disappointment in it. It was not that he himself had materially changedMr. Howells's theory-for the interval between the visits was one of only four years. It was not that the charm lay in seeing London for the first time, in the fresh vividness of it all, from the picturesque panorama of its street

life to the impressiveness of its Westminster Abbey; for he found the charm of picturesque and impressive London not a little enhanced by a feeling of familiarity, by the sense of getting back to something which one was the better able to appreciate for having seen or known it before, like a favorite picture or book. No, the principal cause of his disappointment was so unworthily trivial, comes so near being a case of anticlimax, that the Spectator hesitates to set it down here, although it vitally affected his point of view. It was simply a difference in hotels.

On his first visit to London the Spectator was fortunate enough to lodge at Wood's Hotel, Furnival's Inn, Holborn, the site of which is now occupied by a big insurance company. How shall the Spectator describe the constant contributions made by that inn for inn it truly was, though technically only a part of the inn and properly a hotel-to the reality of his appreciation that he was in the London of his imagination and nowhere else? It is Charles Dickens who has given to a majority of Americans the London of their imaginations, and Furnival's Inn is in the heart of the Dickens London. Here he himself lodged when he wrote "Pickwick Papers." Here are the chambers where John Westlock received Tom Pinch after the latter's famous flight

from Pecksniff. The Old Curiosity Shop, the grave where ended the career of Lady Deadlock, and not a few other spots familiar to readers of Dickens, are only short walks away. To leave the roar of Holborn; to pass through the gate of Furnival's Inn (with the porter always on guard night or day to scrutinize each passer); to cross the square under the windows of quiet gentlemen, principally barristers, who rent offices there or live in chambers; to hear the plash of the fountain just in front of the coffee-room windows of Wood's

Hotel-an appropriate introduction to its quiet precincts; to retire to one's room "one flight and a landing up," where no echo of noise can penetrate-all this was an experience-was; but, alas! no longer is. Quaintness and genuine comfort, unspoiled by a single modern improvement, made the atmosphere typically English. From the maid who seemed to lie in wait on the stairs to supply fresh towels and "tidy up," if a guest stepped out for but a moment, to the respectable, almost venerable waiter, whose invariable breakfast greeting was, "A fine morning, sir," no matter what the fog, or to the pleasantvoiced young woman in the booking-office who asked for the room key, "for no one ever locks the door here, sir"-all were as simply unmodern as if London were still the London of Dickens. To return to that atmosphere after a hard day of sightseeing was to share in a way in the simple homelikeness of English life, even to the prayers. For the lease of Wood's Hotel provided that it should always have a chaplain to read prayers night and morning for the servants, and those of the guests who cared to attend them.

Now, the Spectator has no call to argue that London could not be the same London if, after having been a guest at Wood's Hotel, Furnival's Inn-having been domesticated there the American on his next visit lodged, say, at the popular American hotel, the Métropole, or any of its neighbors-hotels absolutely characterless so far as there is anything about them typically English, hotels that differ from any New York or Chicago hotel of the same class (the Waldorf or the Auditorium) only in the pressure to make the guests patronize the big table d'hôte dinner instead of dining à la carte in the restaurant.

The Spectator wishes that he had left him self room for other illustrations, but (unluckily for his friends) when he once finds himself in London he is apt to stay there unconscionably. His own (purely personal) theory is that the disappointment of going back " anywhere," as Mr. Howells says, is oftenest to be found on the surface in some slight change of environment-a theory to which he would probably fail to convert his friends were his mood aggressively controversial, which it is not. unless

they were foreigners, which they are not. For in such speculative controversies the American point of view is subjective rather than objective-a curious thing, when one considers how matter-of-fact Americans are held to be. An amusing illustration of this its recognition by a clever foreigner is given by Mr. Howells in his "Indian Summer," a fragment of conversation at a general hotel table running on (condensed) in this way:

""The wine certainly isn't so good as it used to be,' said Colville.

""Ah, then you have been in Florhence before,' said the French lady.

""Yes, a great while ago, in a state of preexistence, in fact,' he said.

"The lady looked a little puzzled, but interested. In a state of prhe-existence?" she repeated.

""Yes; when I was young,' he added, catching the gleam in her eye. When I was twenty-four. A great while ago.'

"You must be an Amerhican,' said the lady, with a laugh.

""Why do you think so? From my accent?'

""Frhom your metaphysics, too. The Amerhicans like to talk in that way.' ""I didn't know it,' said Colville. ""They like to strhike the key of perhsonality,' she replied."

"The

A Companion Book. Gummey-I wish that Washington Irving, author of Knickerbocker History of New York," were living now. Glanders-Why? Gummey-He might now write "The Bloomer History of New York." - Vogue.

The Best of It.-Uncle Bob-Hallo, Tommy! What part of your trip abroad did you enjoy the most? Tommy-Oh, on the steamer, when papa and mamma and nurse were sick, and the captain let me help him run the ship! - Harper's Bazar.

Pessimism. -" Wheat's purty high," said the postmaster. "I've noticed it," replied Farmer Corntassel. "It's quite er s'prise." "Not ter me." "You mean ter say you thought 'twas goin' up?" "Yep." "Whut made ye?" "I didn't raise none." - Washing

ton Star.

At the West. - Uncle John-She's just the woman for you, Tom. She has a voice as clear as a silver dollar. Tom-You interest me, Uncle John. Go on. Uncle John-And she is worth her weight in gold. Tom-Great Scott, man, she must be a bimetallist!-Boston Transcript.

Fuddy-Things appear to be pretty dull in your church society. No socials and no evening meetings, and on Sundays there's hardly a handful present. Duddy-I know it. The fact is, since we got our church debt paid off, there has seemed nothing worth struggling for. Boston Transcript.

Moody Meetings

In addition to the week-day services to be held in Cooper Union in November, Mr. Moody will speak every Sunday afternoon during the month at three o'clock in Carnegie Music Hall, corner of Fifty-seventh Street and Seventh Avenue.

Tickets entitling the holders to reserved seats for the first service in Carnegie Hall, November 8, may be secured at the rooms of the American Tract Society, No. 10 East Twenty-third Street, at the store of E. B. Treat, publisher, No. 5 Cooper Union, or by sending request for the same, with a stamped envelope for reply, to W. E. Lougee, No. 40 East Twenty-third Street.

Doors will be open at two o'clock for holders of reserved seat tickets, which must be presented before 2:45, as seats will be reserved only until that hour, when the hall will be thrown open to the public.

Correspondence

Government by Injunction

To the Editors of The Outlook:

Your issue of the 24th of October contains a very distinct and emphatic expression on the topic of "government by injunction."

Many people consider the declarations of the Chicago platform on that subject as grave threats against necessary powers in any properly organized government. Such people may be wrong; however, thus far I have been in sympathy with them. That we may all see our error, kindly give to us a full reply to the following:

1. What is the import of the words, "government by injunction," as employed in the article to which I have referred; that is, does it refer solely to a case like that of Debs? I am not at all sure that the word "analogous" conveys to my mind your meaning.

2. What question or questions would you submit to a jury in the cases for which you say such a form of trial ought to be provided?

3. In what way did the injunction in the Debs case "create an obligation or prohibition"?

4. What portion of English history abundantly demonstrates the danger of the policy to which your article refers? Your article seems to me to indicate that only proceedings in Star Chamber were in the mind of its author.

5. For what crime was Debs punished in the contempt proceedings? Was it for any offense triable before a jury in any country where our system of jurisprudence prevails? And if so, please refer your readers to the authorities in that regard.

47 Cedar Street, New York.

CEPHAS BRAINERD.

These are too many and too large questions to be answered in a single paragraph. In our judgment, the equity powers of the court, created because the common law was inadequate, with the extension of common law and its great flexibility need to be rather limited than extended, and the power of punishing for contempt should be restricted to such uses as are simply necessary to preserve the authority of the court. It is not only in the case of the Star Chamber that judges endeavored to exercise despotic powers. Did our correspondent ever hear of Jeffreys? or of the contest between Erskine and the Court of King's Bench, or the question of the powers of the latter in libel cases?

The Prize at Brown University

To the Editors of The Outlook:

As you made announcement concerning a prize offered, for general competition, for an essay on the history of religious liberty in America, for which the money had been placed in the hands of the President of Brown University a year or so ago, perhaps you will think it a matter of interest to mention that the prize ($200) was obtained by Miss M. Louise Greene, of New Haven, Conn., whose subject was the history of the movement for disestablishment and complete religious liberty in Connecticut. The donor, anonymous hitherto, is announced to be the Hon. Oscar S. Straus. J. F. JAMESON.

Mr. Voysey and the Christian Name To the Editors of The Outlook:

Your reference to the attitude of the English Unitarians towards Mr. Voysey deserves explanation. There is a considerable group of earnest, devout, and conscientious men who are at least shy of taking the name of Christians. They dread misapprehension. They are not Christians in any doctrinal sense. They frankly believe that Jesus was a man; that he shared in opinions of his time, such as demoniacal agency and future punishment; that he may have taught extreme views of non-resistance, or of celibacy, as in Matt. xix., 10-12; that his example, as in the use of wine, is not pertinent to-day. Such men cannot be called "disciples of Christ" in any strict or conventional sense.

There is, however, a larger meaning of the name Christian. In this use the name stands for a wellknown type of life and a certain spirit. Grant that there have been other "masters," nevertheless the word Christian is the most familiar name to describe an ideal of character. In this sense every one to-day calls Socrates a pretty good Christian. In this sense Father Taylor thought Mr. Emerson a good Christian.

It is this rather broad and ethical use of the word Christian which most Unitarians to-day chiefly care for. Their churches exist for no other purpose than to make this type of life prevail. They welcome any one, a Jew or a Buddhist, who believes in the "good life."

But Mr. Voysey is a minister. Will Unitarians let a man teach who declines the Christian name?

The real question, however, is not what a minister calls himself, but what he is. If Mr. Voysey repudiated the beatitudes, the Golden Rule, and the ten commandments, or if he had a mischievous temper, he could not be an acceptable teacher anywhere. But let us suppose that he is a very powerful teacher of these vital things. Would you turn a man out of the ministry who has the reality which the name only describes? The truth is that the Unitarians want to stand by realities. They cannot bear to turn the cold shoulder on a genuine man, even when he has vagaries. Neither do they wish to repudiate a good name which conveys a real and beautiful meaning, because it has borne also a narrow or objectionable sense. Meanwhile they are trying to make it clear in what sense alone they care to be counted as Christians. The life is the gold; they like to see the stamp upon the face of the coin, and to call it an eagle or a sovereign; but they are quite ready, if the gold is genuine, to take it by weight. CHARLES F. DOLE.

Jamaica Plain, Mass.

The paragraphs to which our correspondent refers will be found in our issues for August 22 and October 10 under "The Religious World."

Another View of Motherhood

To the Editors of The Outlook:

The thoughtful and suggestive articles which have appeared in The Outlook under the title of "The Commonwealth" seemed to me to be full of unmixed, impressive truths. But the article which appeared in the issue of October 10, 1896, entitled "The Mother," seemed to me to fall short of its predecessors in value.

I am neither a father nor a mother, nor yet a member of the fraternity of Benedicts. Of course I approach such a subject as "The Mother" entirely from the outside, except so far as I am a son, and have had a mother whose life was spared until long after I had attained majority.

I agree fully with you as to the true meaning and purpose of marriage, and of the duty of the woman to be loyal to that purpose. I think to that extent you have spoken the truth, and the whole truth. But when you say that the office of mother is the most sacred and its service the highest upon earth, I think you are uttering not even a half-truth, judged by the code of morals of every Christian nation. In view of the fact that in all densely populated civilized communities the number of women is largely in excess of men, and thousands of women in every monogamous country are forced to remain unmarried by circumstances beyond their control, however much they may desire to marry, it cannot be true that an office and a service which are forever beyond the reach of these unlucky women, if they obey the law. are the highest upon earth. If you affirm that the office of mother is the most sacred and its service the highest upon earth, are you not assailing an order of society and code of laws and morals which make this sacred office and this highest service unattainable to hundreds of thousands of women fitted in every way for this sacred office and highest service?

It was said recently by a distinguished lady traveler that she never met a discontented woman in Japan, but she adds that she never met an old maid in Japan. Every Japanese woman she met, whether married or unmarried, was the mother of at least one child, and thus every woman in Japan had attained the sacred office and the highest service of mother.

The logical deduction of your panegyric upon unqualified motherhood is that our codes of law and morals should be so modified as to allow every woman, who wishes to do so, to become a mother, if circumstances make it impossible for her to become married-for instance, because she is a supernumerary in the matrimonial market of her domicile. This conclusion points to an error in your premises, and the error is this-the doctrine should not be stated as you have done, but in this way:

Not the office of mother, but the joint offic of father and mother, is the highest on earth.

All panegyrics upon motherhood uttered by men impress me as being the efforts of men to cast upon woman a responsibility and accountability for the right rearing of children which belong as much to them as to the woman. Many strike me as excuses formed by men for shirking their duty as fathers. As the mother is expected to give the time not consumed by her strictly social and housekeeping duties to her children, so the father ought to give his time, not consumed by business, to his children.

I admit that I owe most of what is best in me, if there is any good in me at all, to the ministrations of my mother, but I do not think it ought to have been so.

I think it is clear that there is error in your article referred to, and that it should be rewritten accordingly. F. G. B. Mobile, Ala.

Cleveland's Baking Powder keeps cake moist and fresh

Bibles that Can be Read

To the Editors of The Outlook:

In your issue of October 17 appears an Open Letter to the Trustees of the American Bible Society from the Rev. Mr. Taylor, of Bryan, Tex. He asks that the Bibles sent to the various depositories be printed in larger type; and, lest the whole Bible, thus printed, make a volume of burdensome size, suggests that it be in subdivisions much smaller than the Old and New Testament. May I add a word of heartiest approval of these suggestions, which are eminently sensible, practical, and are offered in a spirit of true sympathy with the noble work of the Bible Society? Fine type and heavy weight-one or both-have hindered many a person of failing strength and imperfect eyesight from feeding at will in the green pastures of God's Word. It would not be easy to emphasize one portion of Mr. Taylor's letter rather than others, yet may I quote the following sentences:

Now, a Bible or a Testament is valuable to its owner only in so far as it is read by him, and when the Holy Scriptures are printed in such small or indistinct type that to read them strains the eye, the average person will seldom, or never, read them.,

A single book of the Bible, or several smaller books bound together, will be read by a person who will not read the whole Bible, or pick out for his reading a single book.

It would be very helpful to us workers among the people if copies of all the Gospels could be published in great primer type, and bound in Turkey morocco, or roan, and gilt, as well as in cloth.

The marginal readings of the Authorized Version of the Bible often give a translation nearer in meaning to the original than the text; they are not notes and comments upon the text, but are parts of it. without which it often cannot be understood. These readings stand on a very different footing from the references, and no book of the Authorized Version is complete without them. Ought they not to be given in every copy of the Bible, or portion thereof, published by you?

There are to-day in New England garrets hundreds and hundreds of fine-print Bibles, carefully preserved, from an unreasoning reverence for the printed Word of God, while the practical instinct of the owners forbids the offering them to others for use or distribution.

These things ought not so to be.
Southport, Conn.

B.

A Real Normal Class for Sunday-School Teachers

To the Editors of The Outlook:

The Sunday-School Association of the North Side, comprising all of the schools in New York City

Catarrh

Is just as surely a disease of the blood as is scrofula. So say the best authorities. How foolish it is, then, to expect a cure from snuffs, inhalants, etc. The sensible course is to purify your blood by taking the best blood purifier, Hood's Sarsaparilla. This medicine has permanently cured Catarrh in a multitude of cases. It goes to the root of the trouble, which is impure blood. Remember

Hood's

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Hood's Pills are the only pills to take with Hood's Sarsaparilla.