understandings. From its main positions modern criticism is not destined to retreat. It is only about details and minor questions that there is uncertainty. 4. Dr. Newman Smyth's (Scribners, New York).

M. S. Consider the argument of 1 Corinthians xv. for the resurrection in the light of the fact that the planted seed is a living thing, and springs up because it is living, while the buried body is a dead thing. This indicates that the analogy between the seed and the body cannot go further than the fact that in the change of death there is a transition from a lower to a higher stage of being. The Christian doctrine of the resurrection teaches that there is a spiritual as well as a natural body, but not that there is any connection between them. All that is said of Jesus between his death and resur⚫rection is in 1 Peter iii., 18–20.

Is it true, as stated by one of your correspondents, April 22, that "a majority of the

We regard the statement as utterly ungrounded in fact.

Kindly give me the names of a few books which present the views of the best modern scholarship as to the New Testament miracles. F. P. M.

These views are of two classes: the one, holding to the reality of miracles, is represented in Dr. Bruce's "Miraculous Element in the Gospels" (Armstrong, New York); the other, discarding miracles, is given in Dr. J. F. Clarke's "Legend of Thomas Didymus, the Jewish Skeptic " (Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston).

Can I obtain from some reader of The Outlook trace of a poem, "The Rivers and Lakes of Maine"? It appeared some years ago in a local Maine paper, but I have never seen it in any poetical collection.

M. C.

N. C. W.-The letters "J. M." on the standard of Joan of Arc stand for "Jésus, Marie," in whose name she fought. M. C.

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were

Industrial relief is greatly needed in Cuba, and will be needed for months to come. say that “there are not workers enough to do the work which is waiting to be done" is to miss altogether the most important and salient feature of the situation, and that is the impossibility of going to work without oxen, implements, or tools. When the rural population of Cuba was driven into the fortified towns, their houses were burned, their oxen driven away or slaughtered, and all their agricultural implements were destroyed. I went through dozens of reconcentrado settlements in the provinces of Havana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara, where there was not a single yoke of oxen, nor an agricultural implement of any kind. Of course, on the farms from which these reconcentrados had been driven there was "work enough to be done :" but what were they to do it with? With their bare hands? When land lies fallow for three or four years, in a climate like that of Cuba, it grows up to weeds or becomes covered with a

tough, heavy sod, and it can be broken up and made fit for cultivation only by a yoke of oxen with a good plow. A man cannot dig it up with his fingers, nor with a hoe-even if he has a hoe; he must have oxen and a plow.

Now, take the situation in the province of Matanzas, as shown in the following notes of the careful and thorough investigation made by General Wilson:

CONDITION OF CITIES AND TOWNS Cidra. The number of reconcentrados and destitute poor here is about 500.

Sabanilla. Population, 4,200. Reconcentrados 1,700, including 800 widows, girls, and children.

Las Cabesas. Before the war there were 9,700 people in this district. Only 5,000 or 6,000 are left. The total number of reconcentrados driven into the town was 4,700. There now remain from 700 to 1,000 destitute poor and 300 families without men.

Bolondron. Before the war there were 14,000 people and 5,000 cattle in this district. There are now about 8,000 people and 500 cattle.

Jaguey Grande. There are 500 large and small farms in this district, and the population is about 5,000. The district needs, and for merly had, 8,000 cattle, but it now has only 800. 1,100 or 1,200 reconcentrados have gone back to their lands, but there are still between 1,700 and 1,900 needing help.

Corral Falso. There are 1,000 destitute people in this district, including 100 widows and 400 orphans.

San Jose de los Ramos. Seven thousand reconcentrados were driven into this town during the war, and 2,000 of them died. There are about 1,000 left.

Cardenas. The number of destitute in this district is about 4,000. Fifteen hundred of them are receiving indigent rations.

Jovellanos. Population, 5,000, of whom 700 are destitute poor.

Cuevitas. Population of town, 2,500, including 500 reconcentrados. Population of district 6,000, including 1,000 destitute poor.

Perico. Population of district, 4,500. Destitute poor 758, of whom 200 belong to the town and the rest to the country.

El Roque. Population of district, 4,500. Destitute poor, 400, of whom 150 are sick. There were 201 estates in this district, and all were destroyed except three.

Colon. Population of district, 6,000. Number of destitute poor, 3,400. There were formerly 10,000 head of cattle in this district. There are now only a few hundred, and only two yoke of oxen outside of the sugar plantations.

General Wilson's investigations show that in the province of Matanzas, as a whole, there were, before the war, 300,000 head of cattle. There are now about 10,000. Before the war the province contained 108 sugar-mills. All except 55 have been destroyed, and only 42 of the 55 are grinding.

After visiting nearly all the towns and villages in the province of Matanzas, General Wilson's chief surgeon reported that he found "more than 13,000 people suffering from paludal fevers or starvation, and in most cases from both."

Now, it seems to me extremely improbable that all these thousands of sick, suffering, and destitute people have been relieved, furnished with oxen and plows, and sent back to their farms since I left the island; and, if they have not been, there is work enough for the most energetic and liberally endowed Relief Committee to do in the province of Matanzas alone.

That the situation has not materially improved in the province of Havana we have positive proof. In a private letter written about two weeks ago General Ludlow says: "When I began, I distributed rations to nearly 10,000 persons who were suffering from starvation, past or present, and reduced to a condition of helplessness which forbade them to do any work. They were dying in the streets and in the country districts in the most pathetic way. By the issues of food they have been enabled, in part, to do for themselves, and others have been provided for in various institutions, so that, at present, I am feeding about 8,000, of whom perhaps 1,500 are aged or invalids, or very young children, requiring convalescent food and the like. As the season advances I am able, by degrees, to move the people out into the country, where they can sustain themselves, after a fashion, and to provide work for others, so that I have to

make still greater diminutions in the number of those who are entirely dependent. There will still remain, however, a formidable residuum which cannot be disposed of by any of these means, and must be supported outright."

In an earlier letter (published in the New York "Evening Post" of March 8) General Ludlow said: "In this department the number drawing rations approximates 20,000, who must for the present be fed or permitted to starve. Employment of the able-bodied males on street-cleaning, collection of garbage, repairs to streets and road-cleaning, disinfection of large buildings and military structures, and the like work, have constituted an immense assistance in this respect by enabling the 2,000 or 3,000 employees to feed themselves and those immediately dependent upon them; but there is still a very large residuum for whom, at present, occupation cannot be furnished.”

In every province that I visited on the island, outside of Santiago, the American officials, Cuban mayors, and persons generally who were trying to help the reconcentrados, referred to the utter impossibility of supplying the latter with agricultural implements and oxen. The people were willing enough to work, and were eager to get back to their former homes; but without plows, hoes, spades, forks, or oxen, what could they do with their lands?

General Sanger told me that he bought the palm-leaf-and-bark shacks of sixty-three reconcentrado families in Matanzas for ten dollars apiece, and that with the ten dollars thus obtained every one of these families left the city and returned to its former home in the valley of the Yumuri. Of course with only ten dollars a man could not buy an ox, nor a plow; but he could get a couple of hoes and a spade, and with these cheap implements he hoped to be able to break up ground enough for a small crop of sweet potatoes or a few hills of black beans.

In an interview that I had with him in Santa Clara, General Gomez told me that, in his judgment, it would take at least $50,000,000 to replace the houses, oxen, and agricultural plant of the Cuban people so as to put them in as good condition for self-support as that in which they were at the outbreak of the insurrection. Probably not one million dollars have thus far been spent in replacing the oxen and agricultural implements that the small Cuban farmers have lost; and how, in view of this fact, anybody can say that "no industrial relief is needed," I fail to understand.

It has been claimed that, although capitalists in Cuba are willing to pay good wages, they cannot get laborers. In the province of Matanzas the capitalists, almost without exception, were sugar-planters, and more than half of their sugar-mills have been totally destroyed. It does not seem to me reasonable to suppose that when the number of their mills has been reduced to forty-two, they can employ as many men, or half as many men, as they could when their mills numbered one hundred and eight; so that, even if the population has diminished by one-third as the result of war, the number of plantation laborers

and mill operatives necessarily out of work must still be very great.

That the supply of laborers in Cuba will eventually be inadequate, and that it will become necessary to import men from abroad, I have no doubt; but even then there will be thousands of Cuban families that have been accustomed to till their own little farms, and that will not enter the employ of the capitalists if they can possibly help it. This class of people should have aid and encouragement to live the life to which they are accustomed and for which they are fitted; and it is in this field, particularly, that the Industrial Relief Committees can render inestimable service. The work that they have already done in Cuba is in the highest degree creditable to them. In Cardenas, for example, the local committee that was organized, I think, by Mr. Charles W. Gould, supplied, equipped, and sent back to their lands nearly four thousand reconcentrados in the short space of two months; and I heard favorable accounts of the work of both Mr. Gould and Mr. Howard in all parts of western Cuba.

From my point of view, it would be extremely unfortunate if the Industrial Relief Committee should discontinue its work, or if the American people should withdraw their support under the mistaken impression that it is no longer needed. In the city of Matanzas I saw one reconcentrado hut, fourteen feet long by twelve feet wide, in which twenty people lived and slept on the bare ground, without bed, chair, table, dishes, or domestic utensils of any kind except one iron kettle, out of which the twenty people ate, by turns, with their fingers. In the same settlement there were scores of other miserable shacks of the same kind, and the destitute women and girls who occupied many of them were trying to support themselves on eight cents a day, which they earned by plaiting coarse straw hats. If people who live such lives and receive such wages do not need relief, who does need it?

The Cuban Industrial Relief will not discontinue its work unless the American people withdraw their support. How the work is beginning Mr. Howard tells us :

All of our stuff except the plows is now safely lodged in the Custom-House at Matanzas. The plows are on their way, and will reach Havana on to-morrow's steamer, I think. They were shipped by way of Florida on May 20.

During the three days that I have given to investigation I have walked about twenty-five miles over hill and dale and through the fields. The desolation is heartrending. A hut of palm-leaves here and there, where some poor farmer has tried to scratch up enough soil with a wooden plow or a hoe to plant a few sweet potatoes, merely adds to the desolation. In these walks afield I have come upon people working who should have been in hospital. One poor old woman I saw yesterday making a pack-saddle for a donkey was almost too weak to sit in a chair, and kept from falling on the earthen floor only by clinging to the chair. There was absolutely nothing in the

house in the way of dishes but a few old tomato-cans and a decrepit frying-pan. Besides a few sweet potatoes there seemed to be nothing in the house to eat. These poor folk are on the edge of the land that I want to rent as Outlook Farm No. 1. If we get that land, you may be certain that I shall look out for them.

General Wilson is greatly interested in our plan of work. He promises any help that he can give. He tells me that one of his officers rode for a hundred miles through the province of Santa Clara a week or two ago without seeing as much as one house. Everything had been destroyed utterly.

One of my assistants had occasion to employ some Cuban laborers to carry our supplies into the Custom-House. He found them not only willing, but eager, to work. Men came to him in excess of the number required, begging for a day's employment at carrying sacks of rice and other stuff on their backs. I saw these poor men, many of them thin to gauntness, staggering along under their burdens, and indignantly resenting the assertion that they were not strong enough for the work. To see a man staggering under 240 pounds of rice makes one feel queerly toward the thoughtless Americans who make the silly outcry, "The Cubans will not work."

"The Cubans work?" exclaimed General Brooke, in Havana. "Of course they will work!" General Wilson says the same thing. It is the deliberate opinion of the three representatives of the Cuban Industrial Relief Fund, now here, that our difficulty will not lie in finding men to work, but in finding work enough to offer to the men who need it.

The Cubans are greatly interested in our Industrial Relief plan. Many have come to me to apply for assistance, and many more have asked General Wilson to use his influence with us in their behalf. I was told last night by Mr. Justo Gener, an uncle of Dr. John Guiteras, the yellow fever expert of New York, that there were men peddling vegetables in the streets of Matanzas to-day, and other men wheeling barrows, who before the war were men of wealth and consequence in the community. The Cuban landowners are making heroic efforts to get a few acres of land into cultivation; but without tolls or seeds or domestic supplies they can do nothing. The destitution of the country people is heartrending; any help that can be given them will be received with tears of gratitude.

CUBAN INDUSTRIAL RELIEF FUND Make checks and money orders payable to The Outlook.) Previously acknowledged..

P. H. K., Salt Lake City, Utah.
M. M. L., Fairfield, Conn..

A. W. F.. Providence, R. I.

L. K.. Wells, Me.

A. A. O., Brooklyn, N. Y
A. N. L...

$2,092 53

15.00

M. P. C., Utica, N. Y.

10.00

K. R. W., Lima, Ind..

2.00

Plymouth Club for Bible Study, Oakland, Cal..

$2,193 03

The Sun & Son Company, Limited By Charles H. Dorris

THE SILENT PARTNER

From a sweet, refreshing sleep
In his star-strewn bed so deep,
Comes he with a beaming face,
Flooding all the world with grace.
Oh, it is a pleasant day

When the Sun comes up that way!

THE ACTIVE PARTNER

Coming barefoot down the stairs,
Dimples in his face he wears;
See his roguish, laughing eyes;
Not a cloud on face or skies!
Oh, we have a happy day
When the Son comes down that way.

But when Sun & Son combine,
Say they will not laugh, or shine-
Oh, it is a dismal day

When the Comp'ny act that way.

How a Little Indian Girl Plays
By Alice Cary Hewett

Lucy Hawk is a little Indian girl who lives on a reservation in Dakota. Her grandfather is the loved and honored chief of his tribe, and Lucy is his favorite grandchild. She is a sweet little girl with will ing hands and feet ready to do the bidding of the teachers at the mission school where she lives for eight months of the year. She speaks English with a pretty accent, and steps about with a quaint dignity and grace that pleases the eye and gladdens the heart.

On cold or stormy days, after the school hours are over and household tasks are done, Lucy turns with a happy heart to the playroom, where she amuses herself by making moccasins for her funny babies, or making dresses for them from the bits of bright calico which perhaps some child in the far-away East put in the missionary barrel. When tired of the babies, she gets her pebble tops, of which she has a number hidden away in the pocket of her dress, tucked away in a corner of her pigeonhole in the row of boxes in the

playroom, or buried safely under the steps. It is only a common pebble with smooth sides, and a little white child would never call it a top; but Lucy drops it with a little twirl of the fingers which sends it spinning away with a dizzy rush, and she follows it up with her whip, lashing it until she is tired and out of breath, the pebble whirling faster and faster the longer the lashing continues. Sometimes she pastes bits of bright paper to the sides, and then the spinning pebble seems to be covered with rings of color. It is a pretty play, and never loses its fascination for the little brown children.

When at her own home, Lucy goes coasting sometimes, and what do you think she has for a sled? You would never guess, so I will tell you. A big buffalo-skin is spread on the snow at the top of the terrace which divides the prairies from the river bottom. Lucy and her sisters find a nice warm seat on the soft fur, the child in front gathers the end over her feet and holds on tight and fast as those behind give a starting push, and away they go, down the steep slopes, and come to a quick stop at the foot, a screaming, laughing, squirming heap of touzled heads and twisted shawls.

Sometimes the boys slide these steep hills with a barrel-stave under each foot, and we have enjoyed watching their agile jumps and somersaults at the foot.

In

Like white children, the Indian boys and girls like to imitate their elders. their play we see them unfolding their shawls to take the place of the Indian blanket, wrapping their babies and tying them in stiff bundles to be carried on their backs, as they visit or play at "issue day."

Again, they will set up their tent-poles in the yard, and use their shawls for covering the picturesque tepee. Then they play at building camp-fires, and cooking feasts for imaginary warriors and hunters.

Boys and girls alike are full of spirits and laughter-loving fun, and they are never tired of listening to stories about white children.

The History of a Stamp

By Norman W. Lyle

One of these

In the year 1851 a twelve-penny black Canadian postage-stamp was printed by the Government at Ottawa. The public did not regard this somber issue with favor, so few, were issued. stamps was sent to the Hamilton postoffice, where it was sold to an old gentle man, who said it was a shame to print the Queen's picture on a stamp that might be handled by profane hands. Tenderly the gentleman put it on a parcel, sending it to a friend in the United States. Here, in the waste-basket, it lay for many a day, till an errand-boy found it, and quickly transferred it to his album. Despairing of getting a good collection, and his fever. for stamps somewhat abating, he sold them to a dealer. The new owner, on looking at the catalogue, found that what he paid $5 for was worth $25. Accidentally this stamp was slipped into a 25-cent packet, and sent to a dealer residing in Hamilton. When the latter opened the packet he

was astonished to find such a valuable

stamp, and, being honest, wrote his friend to inform him of what had happened, offering him $1,200 for it. The offer was accepted, and the stamp again changed hands. By this time the stamp had increased in value, and not a few came from a distance to look at the treasure. One day an English nobleman, who, through a Canadian friend, had heard of the stamp, offered $1,500; which offer was accepted. The English lord, falling in love with an American heiress, and wishing to gain the favor of her brother, presented him with the stamp as a token of his esteem. Here, in its new and luxurious American home, it came to a sad end; for one day the maid, by mistake, swept the stamp, which had accidentally fallen out of the album, into the fire. In an instant the stamp, which thousands had heard of and longed for, went up in smoke to the broad blue sky, leaving not a trace behind.

He Knew How to Ask

Gyp is a tiny dog, who fills a large place in the family's interest and care. If his tail did not wag so constantly, it would be a puzzle to tell which end was his head. But that tail is a love signal always displayed. When you push the long

hair back from his eyes, they are brown and gentle and tender. It is astonishing how many friends this little dog has, and it surely is because he is so friendly himself.

One day, just a little while ago, Gyp's mistress was asleep on a lounge. She was wakened by a whine, repeated several times, outside the door, and then Gyp managed to push open the door and come in. His mistress did not move. Gyp thrust his cold nose into her hand and whined again. This time she said, "Come up if you want to," but Gyp did not atHe licked tempt to accept the invitation. could not rouse up. At last Gyp left and her hand, but she was so sleepy that she there was a mug in which water was left went into the other room. On the floor for Gyp. The mistress was wakened thoroughly by hearing this mug strike the marble hearth, and Gyp's quick, sharp

bark.

This was repeated three times, and then Gyp's mistress went into the room. Gyp stood over the empty cup, and sprang forward, wagging his tail. He was going to get what he had asked for in his best dog language—a drink of water.