against the interests of the free labor of America. I am glad that the opposition comes from that side of the House which pretends always to protect the interests of the American laborer. And may I not be pardoned for asking the gentlemen who for the past two weeks have with loud voices and unmeasured tones denounced my side of the Chamber because of their wishing, as they allege, to break down American labor to the depths of degradation of the pauper labor of Europe-I say may I not be pardoned if I ask them whether they are in earnest, or whether it is not their endeavor to protect capital alone? * * * * * * When this legislation was before Congress two years ago—and I have the record here before me-sixty-six Republicans, sixty-six members of the other side of the House who stand here pretending to protect American labor, voted against that bill. When the bill to limit immigration for ten years was before the House, thirty-seven members of the House voted against that bill, and of that number thirty-four were Republicans, and but three Democrats. Upon this proposition, then, as to whether my party is in favor of free trade, in favor of placing the labor of America upon a level with the pauper labor of Europe, I am willing to be judged by the record.

The bill was ordered by the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House, by a party vote, to be reported favorably, and the Record shows that every voice raised against the bill and every vote cast against it was Republican. Its fate in the Senate was exceedingly dubious until the necessities of the campaign rendered its passage absolutely essential.

Protection of Personal Liberty.

Republican Tendencies.

A political party whose tendencies are toward centralization and imperialism in affairs of state and officiousness in the private business affairs of the people, naturally seeks to regulate their morals by sumptuary legislation instead of leaving them where they properly belong, to social and religious influences. They seem to forget that church and state have been permanently divorced, for their obnoxious legislation is based upon the ancient theory of government. They not only attempt, through State laws, to regulate the appetites and tastes of the people, but even invoke the strong arm of the federal government for similar purposes.

In illustration of this tendency we refer to a few recent attempts.

In January, 1876, a bill to provide a commission on the subject of alcoholic liquor traffic was passed in the Senate by a vote of-yeas, 37 Republicans and 1 Democrat; nays, 20 Democrats. Mr. Logan voted aye.

In January, 1878, Mr. Blair (Republican) offered a constitutional amendment forbidding the manufacture, sale or importation of alcoholic liquors in the United States.

In March, 1879, a bill to appoint a commission of five persons to investigate the alcoholic liquor-traffic, principally in its relations to revenue, and also as to taxation and its general economic and scientific aspects in connection with the public health and general welfare of the people, was passed in the Senate by a vote of— ayes, 28 Republicans and 1 Democrat; noes, 19 Democrats.

On the 6th of February, 1882, Mr. Joyce (Republican) moved in the House of Representatives that the rules be suspended, and the following bill be taken up out of order and passed:

Mr. Joyce's Bill.

Be it enacted, etc., That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a commission of five persons, not all of whom shall be advocates of prohibitory liquor laws, and neither of whom shall be the holder of any office of profit or trust in the General Government or any State government. The said commissioners shall be selected solely with reference to personal fitness and capacity for an honest, impartial, and thorough investigation, and shall hold office until their duties shall be accomplished, but not to exceed two years. It shall be their duty to investigate the alcoholic, fermented, and vinous liquor traffic and mannfacture with reference to revenue and taxation, and the effect of each class of such liquors in their economic, criminal, moral, and scientific aspects in connection with pauperism, crime, social vice, the public health, and general welfare of the people; and also to inquire into the practical results of taxation and license, and of restrictive legislation for the prevention of intemperance in the several States, Territories, and District of Columbia.

SEC. 2. That the said commissioners shall further ascertain, as near as may be, the number of gallons of wine, beer, or distilled liquors annually consumed in different countries, more especially within the United States; the number of deaths annually from alcoholism, the number and character of crimes resulting from the use of alcoholic and malt liquors; and the diseases produced by the use thereof, mental as well as physical; the number of arrests for drunkenness; the amount of pauperism produced by the use of such liquors; the amount of revenue received by the Government from the liquor traffic and liquor making; the amount of tax or revenue received from such manufacturing and traffic by State and municipal governments; the amount of food transformed into alcohol; the probable retail cost of alcoholic and malt liquors consumed; the cost of caring for the insane, idiotic, criminals, and paupers made such by the use of alcoholic and malt liquors; the capital employed in the manufacture of such liquors and in the traffic thereof; the quantity of such liquors imported and exported; the number of persons employed in the manufacture and sale of such liquors.

SEC. 3. That the said commissioners shall serve without salary, but are hereby authorized to employ a secretary at a reasonable compensation, not to exceed $2,500 per annum, which, with the necessary expenses, incidental to such investigation, of the secretary and commissioners, shall be paid, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, upon vouchers signed by the president and countersigned by the secretary, and approved by the Secretary of the Treasury; and the sum of $10,000, or as much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated to pay such vouchers.

SEC. 4. That said commissioners shall, as soon after their appointment as is convenient, meet and organize by the election of one of their number as president of such board, and they shall also elect a secretary, as herein before provided, who shall take the usual oath of office, and give a bond to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States in the penal sum of $3,000 for the faithful performance of the duties of his office, which bond and the sureties thereon shall be approved by such Secretary of the Treasury.

SEC. 5. That it shall be the further duty of said commissioners to report the result of their investigations and the expenses attending the same to the President, to be by him transmitted to Congress.

The question was taken and there were-yeas 112, and nays 98, as follows:

Of which 105 Republicans voted in the affirmative, and 94 Democrats in the negative.

The Iowa Liquor Law.

The tendency of sumptuary legislation is toward officiousness and tyranny, as may be seen from a perusal of the new liquor law of Iowa:

A bill for an act to amend chapter 6, title II of the Code, relating to intoxicating liquors, and to provide additional penalties for violations of the provisions of said chapter, and the amendments thereto.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Iowa:

SECTION 1. That section 1525 of the Code be and the same is hereby repealed, and the following enacted in lieu thereof:

SEC. 1525. Every person who shall manufacture any intoxicating liquors, as in this chapter prohibited, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon his first conviction for said offense, shall pay a fine of two hundred dollars and costs of prosecution or be imprisoned in the county jail not to exceed six months; and on his second, and every subsequent conviction for said offense, he shall pay a fine of not less than five hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars and costs of prosecution, and be imprisoned in the county jail one year.

SEC. 2. That section 1526 of the Code of 1873 be, and is hereby re-enacted and amended by inserting the word "to," and before the words "buy and sell intoxicating liquors," the words "manufacture or.

SEC. 3. That section 1527 of the Code be, and the same is hereby amended by inserting after the words "desires to," and before the words "sell said liquors," in the third line of said section the words "manufacture or."

SEC. 4. That section 1528 of the Code be, and the same is hereby amended by adding thereto the words: provided, that in case of a permit to manufacture intoxicating liquors, the penalty of the bond shall be five thousand dollars.

SEC. 5. That section 1531 of the Code be, and the same is hereby amended, by inserting in the second line thereof, after the words "may be," the words "manufactured

SEC. 6. That section 1535 of the Code be, and the same is hereby amended, by inserting after the words "record of," in the fourth line, the words "manufacture or.

SEC. 7. That section 1537 of the Code be, and the same is hereby amended by adding thereto the words "and the provisions of this section shall apply to persons holding a permit to manufacture intoxicating liquors, so far as the same relates to the report;

and any such manufacture shall, within the time specified for parties holding a permit to sell, also report the quantity and kind of liquors by him manufactured since the date of his last report, and also the quantity and kinds of liquors sold by him, and for what purpose, and to whom sold."

SEC. 8. That section 1558 of the Code be and the same is hereby repealed, and the following enacted in lieu thereof:

SEC. 1538. Any person having such permit who shall sell intoxicating liquors at a greater profit than is herein allowed, shall be liable to treble damages, to be recovered by civil action in favor of the party injured; and any person holding a permit, either to manufacture or sell, who shall fail to make monthly returns as herein required, or within fifteen days thereafter, or who shall make a false return shall forfeit for each offense the sum of $100, to be recovered in the name of the State of Iowa, upon the relation of any citizen of the county by civil action on his bond with costs, and one-half of the sum recovered shall go to the informer, and one-half shall go to the shool fund of the county.

SEC. 9: That section 1539 of the Code be, and is hereby amended by adding thereto the following, to wit: One-half of the amount so recovered shall go to the informer, and the other half shall go to the school fund of the county.

SEC. 10. That section 1540 of the Code be repealed, and the following enacted in lieu thereof:

"SEC. 1540. If any person not holding such a permit, by himself, his clerk, servant, or agent, shall for himself, or any person else, directly or indirectly, or on any pretense, or by any device, sell, or in consideration of the purchase of any other property, give to any person any intoxicating liquors, he shall, for the first offense, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction for said first offense shall pay a fine of not less than $50 or more than $100 and costs of prosecution, and stand committed to the county jail until such fine and costs are paid; for the second and every subsequent offense he shall pay, on conviction thereof, a fine of not less than $300 nor more than $500, and costs of prosecution, and be imprisoned in the county jail not to exceed six months. All clerks, servants and agents of whatever kind, engaged or employed in the manufacture, sale, or keeping for sale in violation of this chapter, of any intoxicating liquor, shall be charged and convicted in the same manner as principals may be, and shall be subject to the penalties herein provided. Indictments and informations for violations under this section may allege any number of violations of its provisions by the same party, but the various allegations must be contained in separate counts, and the person so charged may be convicted and punished for each of the violations so alleged as on separate indictments or informations, but a separate judgment must be entered on each count on which a verdict of guilty is rendered. The second and subsequent convictions mentioned in this section

And in

shall be construed to mean convictions on separate indictments or informations. default of the payment of the fines and costs provided for the first conviction under this section, the person so convicted shall not be entitled to the benefit of chapter 47, title 25 of this Code, until he shall have been imprisoned 60 days."

SEC. II. That section 1542 of the Code be repealed and the following enacted in lieu thereof :

SEC. 1542. No person shall own, or keep, or be in any way concerned, engaged or employed in owning or keeping any intoxicating liquors with intent to sell the same within this State, or to permit the same to be sold therein in violation of the provisions hereof, and any person who shall so own or keep, or be concerned, engaged, or employed in owning or keeping such liquors with any such intent, shall be deemed, for the first offense, guilty of a misdemeanor; and on conviction for said first offense shall pay a fine of not less than fifty nor more than one hundred dollars and costs of prosecution, and shall stand committed to the county jail until such fine and costs are paid, and in default of such fine and costs, he shall not be entitled to the benefits of chapter forty-seven, title twenty-five of the code, until he shall have been imprisoned sixty days; for the second and every subsequent offense he shall pay a fine of not less than three hundred dollars nor more than five hundred, or be imprisoned in the county jail not more than six months, or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. And upon trial of every indictment or information of violations of the provisions of this section, proof of the finding of the liquor named in the indictment or in the information, in the possession of the accused in any place except his private dwelling-house, or its dependencies, or in such dwelling-house or dependencies, if the same is a tavern, public eating house, grocery, or other place of public resort, or in unusual quantities in the private dwellinghouse or its dependencies of any person keeping a tavern, public eating house, grocery, or other place of public resort in some other place, shall be received and acted upon by the court as presumptive evidence that such liquor was kept or held for sale contrary to the provisions thereof.