*Dollars per ton.

"At the close of the sampling seasons, the records of the Department were carefully checked and brands of fertilizers, not sampled, were noted. The manufacturers and local agents were then communicated with and the missing brands, as far as possible, were located and sampled.

"The Experiment Station' followed the practice of former years in listing, assembling and analyzing these samples. The results of a part of their examinations are found in Bulletin No. 230. The bulletin covering work of the fall season has not yet been printed.

A summary of these analyses as they appeared in these bulletins is as follows:

Rock and potash

Dissolved bone

Dissolved rock

Ground bone.

"During this year there were 1,654 brands of fertilizers including chemicals registered with the Department, resulting in the payment of $29,190.00 into the State Treasury as License Fees.

"The returns made to the Department show that 300,292 tons of mixed brands and chemicals were used in this State during the year, a gain of approximately 18,000 tons over 1911.

"I submit herewith a classified statement of returns for the years 1910, 1911 and 1912, showing the respective points where increases. and decreases have occurred, namely:

"These figures do not represent all of the fertilizers used in the State, as a number of inter-state sales are made where no returns are made to the Department.

"In conclusion, permit me to say that competition among the num erous manufacturers and the everlasting vigilance of the Bureau has enabled the consumer to get better values during the year than at any preceding time.

"The co-operation of both consumers and manufacturers with this Bureau has been very beneficial to all parties concerned, to all of whom I wish to extend my sincere thanks."

The analytical work was done, as heretofore, at the Chemical Laboratories of the State Experiment Station under the supervision of the Chief of the Station, Dr. William Frear.

The anaylsis of Feeding Stuffs and Linseed Oil was made at the Chemical Laboratory of the Department under the supervision of the Chief Chemist, Prof. J. W. Kellogg who, under the supervision of the Secretary, had the direction of these branches of the Department Control work, concerning which he makes the following statement:

"The work of the Bureau of Chemistry during the year 1912 consisted of the necessary chemical analyses and the sending out of reports and correspondence incident to carrying out the provisions of the Acts of Assembly regulating the sale of Feeding Stuffs and Linseed Oils. Special Agents of the Department collected samples throughout the State which were sent to the Bureau for examination. Upon completion of the examinations, reports were made on each sample to the Secretary of Agriculture who, in cases where the laws were considered to have been violated, ordered prosecutions to be made.

"During this period 1,400 official samples of feeding stuffs were obtained by Special Agents which were analyzed chemically for moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber, and examined microscopically for identification of ingredients. In securing these samples 333 towns and cities in 64 counties were visited. In a few small towns no samples were taken for the reason that recent analyses had been made of the goods found; and in the opinion of the Special Agents the character of the labeling and products were considered to be as required by the law. In many of these cases where no samples were taken the products were not such as the law required to be labeled.

"Reports of the chemical and microscopical results were also sent to each manufacturer or importer and to the dealers from whom the samples were taken. The number of the violations of the Feeding Stuff law was less than that during the previous year and consisted for the most part of incorrect guarantees for crude protein and crude fat, the use of excessive amounts of by-products causing a high content of crude fiber, and the presence of unground weed seeds in chicken and other poultry feeds and in a few dairy and stock feeds. The number of deficiencies observed during the year was less than the number noted during the previous year. This decrease shows that the many brands of feeding stuffs offered for sale in the State are more correctly guaranteed than ever before in the history of the work. In many cases the results of analyses showed the guarantees to be exceeded in nutrient matter, giving the purchaser more value than claimed. No samples were found to contain such worthless by-products as ground corn cobs, rice hulls and peanut shucks, which in some former years were frequently found.

"The samples on the whole were clean in their general appearance, especially in the case of molasses feeds composed of a number of ingredients mixed with molasses. In former years it had been the custom to use by-products in preparing molasses feeds which carried a large proportion of unground weed seeds. Such cases observed during the year were few in number and showed a decided improvement in this class of goods. In many feeds, including molasses feeds, claimed to be composed of a number of cereal grains and certain by-products, where one would expect to find a reasonable proportion of whole sound grains, it has often been difficult to find a sufficient proportion of cereal grains present to warrant their being named. In a number of such cases the grains would be unsound in small proportion instead, and the by-products, practically used as a filler and low in feeding value, would be in the larger proportion. The number of samples representing this class of goods, however, are growing less from year to year, and of the samples examined during 1912 the number of such feed mixtures was small.

It is gratifying to be able to state that the character of feeds improve from year to year as the work of enforcing the law progresses. This general improvement in the character of all brands of feeding stuffs has been largely due to the rigid enforcement of the law, a better understanding of the requirements of the law, the cooperation with the Department on the part of manufacturers and dealers and the use of uniform terms or definitions for the many feeds and by-products which have been adopted by the Association of Feed Control Officials of the United States. A meeting of this

Association was held at Washington, in November, at which representatives of the Department were present and took part in the proceedings.

"The few definitions adopted could not be agreed to in certain instances by our representatives, for the reason that they conflicted with the requirements of our law, however, much valuable information was obtained and the general result of the unification of terms has been a great benefit to all those interested in this subject. A few instances are on record where agreement has been reached between the Department and manufacturers in regard to labeling and naming of ingredients as a result of a better understanding of the definitions of certain by-products.

"The number of prosecutions ordered during the year for violations of the law was 38, all but one of these cases which is still pending, were adjusted satisfactorily to the Department. In 32 cases fines of $50.00 each were received amounting to $1,600.00, which was covered into the State Treasury in the usual manner. Five cases were adjusted upon payment of costs by the defendants for lack of evidence and because the parties involved had promised to comply with or were complying with the necessary requirements. In many cases it was not necessary to be present, as the hearings were waived by the defendants and fines and costs paid.

"By a special provision in the law, dealers in feeding stuffs, and other persons interested, may submit samples to the Bureau for analysis, the fee charged being $1.00 per sample. The number of such samples received during the year was 194. These were all analyzed in duplicate and reports made to the senders. The analysis fees received amounted to $193.00 which was paid to the State Treasurer. One sample was received for analysis from a party who refused to remit the fee and in this case no report of results obtained was made. In a number of these cases the results of our analyses were the means of adjusting controversies in regard to the value of goods. received and in a few cases the shippers refunded to purchasers the difference in value.

"Seventy-two miscellaneous samples were examined for the detec tion of adulterants and poisons, and for checking up analytical results. These samples consisted of feeding stuffs, linseed oils, fertilizers, seeds, one bear's stomach and one insecticide.

"In December, 1911, the usual requests for registration of feeding stuffs were sent to manufacturers and importers, and as a result of such requests 450 registrations were received and placed on file covering approximately 1,300 brands. Requests for 1913 registrations were also sent out during the latter part of the year.

"Many inquiries were received in regard to labeling, requests for copies of the law and bulletins and information in regard to balanced rations and composition of feeding stuffs. As far as possible all these requests were complied with. The correspondence in answering these inquiries and carrying on the work of the Bureau made it necessary to send out approximately 1,500 letters.

"Early in the year a bulletin of 170 pages was prepared showing the results of the feeding stuffs inspection work performed during 1911, in which the results of chemical and microscopical examinations were tabulated. This report also included comments in regard to the results obtained and showed the analysis and composition of each 2-5-1912

sample examined, the guarantees and list of ingredients claimed, and other information pertaining to the work. Copies of this report were mailed to about 6,000 parties whose names appear on our mailing list.

"Where possible, we have endeavored to cooperate with the Federal authorities in regulating the inter-state shipment of feeding stuffs. Whenever such a shipment comes to our attention and is considered to be sold in violation of the law, the Federal Inspector at Philadelphia is notified.

"The Linseed Oil work performed during the year in carrying out the provisions of the law regulating the sale of this product has been greatly reduced owing to the lack of a sufficient appropriation. An attempt was made, however, with what resources were available to prevent as far as possible the sale of impure oil. Eighty-six samples of raw and boiled linseed oil were purchased by Special Agents and sent to the Bureau for analysis. Of this number, 12, or 14 per cent., were found to be adulterated with varying amounts of mineral oil ranging from 3 to 11 per cent. One sample was found to be a mixture of vegetable, mineral and linseed oils which was sold in violation of the law.

"Reports of each sample examined were made to the Secretary of Agriculture, and also to the manufacturers or importers where known and also to the dealers. Ten prosecutions were ordered on samples found adulterated. Eight of these cases were adjusted satisfactorily to the Department by payment of fines and costs, and 2 cases are still pending. In nearly every case the hearings were waived and fines and costs paid. The fines received amounted to $300.00 which was paid to the State Treasurer in the usual manner.

"In April a bulletin of 35 pages was prepared giving a report of the results of the linseed oil inspection work carried on by this Bureau during the years 1907 to 1911 inclusive. The number of samples analyzed during this period was 814, 24, or 3 per cent. of which were badly adulterated, and 8 of which fell below the standard for pure raw, and boiled, linseed oil. A table was included showing the names and addresses of the manufacturers or importers of each sample, where known, the names and addresses of the dealers from whom the samples were purchased, and notations as to what samples were found adulterated, a copy of the law, standards of purity and remarks in regard to the sources and manufacture of linseed oil and explanation of chemical constants and a number of oil adulterants used. Copy of this bulletin was sent to about 1,000 parties whose names appear on our mailing list.

"Of the number of samples of oil examined during the year, as above stated, 14 per cent. were found to be adulterated which compared with the percentage of adulteration, amounting to 3 per cent. in the five preceding years, shows conclusively that the adulteration of this commodity had materially increased in Pennsylvania during the period when no appropriation was available to carry on this line of work.

"The Linseed Oil industry is a very important one to Pennsylvania and it is safe to conclude that the number of barrels sold or consumed every year would be in the thousands, therefore, when this product is being adulterated to such an extent as our results show, it is