the same call, which is now waking so marvellous a response in England, found England also in a spasm of military revival, jingoism and imperialism. The duty of America to frown upon military policies and the military spirit is peculiar. America in truth holds. the key to the situation. John Bright pointed this out clearly in a Fourth of July speech twenty years ago. America, not burdened by taxes for the support of great armies and navies, was free to devote all her resources and energies to the development of her industries. This gave her an incalculable advantage over the burdened countries of Europe, an advantage which every one of them was feeling keenly. Let her maintain this advantage in the industrial competition, and they would all soon be forced to disarmament for sheer economy and self-protection. Did not the recent word of Prince Radziwill, a word so nervously explained away, mean the same thing? It cannot be that America will recklessly abandon a position in which she can steadily command the world to peace and efficient industrial organization, and consent to meet old tyrannies on their own terms and in their service. * * Half a century ago, Charles Sumner, speaking in Tremont Temple, told America, in words never to be forgotten nor escaped, wherein lies. the true grandeur of nations. In Sumner's Massachusetts, from Sumner's time to George F. Hoar's, the great leaders of the people have been true to Sumner's gospel. We believe that the people of Massachusetts and New England and the country will be true to it to-day as they hear the call to make themselves felt in the great movement which is shaking Europe and which promises to do more than any other movement in history to has We said that the great cause had found voice in Boston, and had also found a book. It is a singular good fortune by which at this precise moment appears Dr. Trueblood's book on "The Federation of the World." Dr. Trueblood's services in America for the cause of peace and international fraternity have been immense. "The Advocate of Peace," which he edits with such distinguished ability, ought to be every month on the table of every thoughtful man in the country, whatever else is there or is not there. His pamphlets on the history of arbitration and related subjects are the best which there are. No other translation of Kant's "Eternal Peace" is so good as his. But in this little book (Houghton, Mifflin and Company, Boston, $1.00) he covers the whole ground in brief. The ten chapters treat: The Solidarity of Humanity, Solidarity Unrealized, The Causes of the Disunity, The Development of the War System, The Influence of Christianity in restoring the Federative Principle, War Ethically Wrong, War Anti-Federative, The New World Society, The Growing Triumph of Arbitration, and The United States of the World. An appendix contains the Czar's rescript, calling for the conference on reduction of armaments; and seven pages are given to a bibliography of the most important publications relating to the federation of the world. We wish that it were possible to illustrate here, by passages from successive chapters, the broad range, the wisdom and the vitality of this timely book; but this is not here possible. One pregnant passage from the striking chapter on "The United States of the World" we give, as an interesting forecast of the steps by which the better organization of the world may ultimately come about: "Along what lines the movement toward this general world government will take place it is not easy to forecast, except in a general way. Two or three courses are open, any one or all of which may be followed. The United States of America may in time become really such. The very name seems to be prophetic. Canada, Mexico and Central America may some day, of their own accord, ask to be admitted into a federal union with the United States. In time a great South American republic of republics may be formed, through some movement or groups of movements akin to that already taking place among the Central American states and the British Australian colonies. Then may follow a federation of the two American continents. The United States of Europe, so long dreamed of and written of by European reformers, seem to-day but the shadow of a name; but whoever remembers the history of the consolidation of France, or Italy, or Germany, or the still more remarkable history of the consolidation of the swiss cantons composed of peoples of different races, speaking different languages, into a coherent national federation, will not say that a United States of Europe is an impossibility. On the contrary, the whole course of the modern history of nation-building foreshadows a European federation. The continent of Asia may some day have a like transformation; and that of Africa, too, renewed at last by a Christian civilization; and that of Australia before either of them, if one may judge from the federative tendencies already showing themselves between the colonies there. If this should prove to be the way in which the world state is to work itself out, the islands of the sea will group themselves in with the continental federations where they naturally belong. At last these continental federations will flow together into a great world federation, the final political destiny of humanity, where all the larger hopes of love and fellowship, of peace and happy prosperity lie. I do not pretend to assert that the actual order of movement will be as here outlined, but only that this is a possible, perhaps a probable order in which the federation of the world will come, at least in part. This forecast is in harmony with actual historic processes now working, and having for generations worked, at several points in civilized society. "Another course is possible. A great racial federation, as of the Anglo-Saxon people, may come first, with its centres of agglomeration in all parts of the world, which will gather to itself by an irresistible moral gravitation all other peoples. cial federation is already playing its part very powerfully in the processes of civilization. Several races, it is true, are exhib Ra iting, in greater or less degree, kindred phenomena. But racial distinctions are in many respects beginning to break down, because of the intermingling of peoples in all quarters of the globe. What may be styled the universal human characteristics, those belonging to the one race of man lying at the basis of all sub-races, are destined thus more and more to come to the front as against those which have marked off one portion of mankind from another. That race, whichever it may prove to be, which develops these general human characteristics most fully and most rapidly, and throws off most completely all that is adventitious and unessential, will, in the nature of the case, prove to be the nucleus or furnish the nuclei about which civilization in all parts of the world will crystallize. Men will not care at last by what racial name they are called, or what language they speak, provided their highest interests of every kind are served. They will feel it more noble to be men and to speak the one universal language of men than to be Englishmen or Germans or Frenchmen, and to speak any of these great tongues. Whatever race shall prove itself fittest to lead in this federative process, whether the Anglo-Saxon, as now seems possible, or some other, will itself be modified, purified and strengthened for its work as the final world race by what it receives from the races which it draws to itself, and even from those which through weakness shall finally be eliminated." Dr. Trueblood's book is the book of books for the crusade which is now being inaugurated among us; and it should be circulated by the thousands. It is a book of hope and confidence. After all the long and dark survey of history and sober estimate of present. facts, the last word is the word of one to whom the federation of the world is already in sight; and we can close with no better word: "The great idea of a world federation in some form has gotten clearly into men's minds. It is too powerful, too attractive and inspiring to be resisted. All obstacles to its realization will be broken down, if not to-morrow, then afterwards. How soon, will depend largely on the purpose, the intelligence, the heart, which those already possessed of the great idea shall put into the work of reconstructing and reorganizing humanity on a world basis." For one she scorned, and at one she laughed, And one a bachelor's button gave, And coxcomb handed to one who quaffed Her smile till he vowed himself her slave! And then she would send them all away, And walk by herself in the dying day. But somebody came-as somebody will, When Youth and Beauty are still unwed, And Grandmamma's saucy laugh was still When this tall somebody bent his head To her lesser height, as they slowly walked 'Tween stiff box borders, or sat and talked; Sat and talked while the gloaming fell, And whinnies sounded beside the gateFor when young Love has a tale to tell Then somebody's horse perforce must wait; And a heart's-ease sprig on somebody's vest She pinned-But I will not tell the rest. Rose petals drop on my head to-day, As they dropped on those lovers' heads of yore; And down the path, where the shadows play, I fancy coming from open door Grandmamma-such a charming bride! With courtly Grandpapa at her side. Tho' dead those lovers of long ago, Dead tender bridegroom and winsome bride, The garden's story will live, I trow, Like scent of roses that Grandmamma dried A subtle sweetness, a rare perfume, |