GOVERNOR NATHANIEL S. BERRY OF NEW

HAMPSHIRE.

had warmly endorsed him and added a second $2,000,000 to that first appropriated, leaving all disbursements in his hands.

In Connecticut General Butler, who was at the head of the department of New England and in charge of the recruiting, met with no opposition, whereas in Massachusetts he had encountered Governor Andrew's dislike. His popularity with Democrats was of great service to him in Connecticut. He raised three regiments for the secret New Orleans expedition. The Twelfth, or "Charter Oak," Regiment was largely made up of young War Democrats. The Thirteenth rendered most effective sanitary service in New Orleans. The three months' men reenlisted almost to a man. Out of those three regiments came five hundred officers. Though its term had expired, the Connecticut brigade held out to the last at Bull Run, then for miles protected the panic-stricken retreating host. When limitations as to men and money were removed, the people of Connecticut rose like their Roundhead forefathers. Another regiment went out within a month after Bull Run. The Sixth and Seventh Connecticut landed first at Port Royal. The Eighth, Tenth and

Eleventh went with Burnside to North Carolina; the Ninth, Twelfth and Thirteenth, with Butler to New Orleans.

Governor Buckingham was greatly aided by Colonel Robert Tyler, one of the few West Pointers in the state. He served without pay, as did Governor Buckingham himself, throughout the war, and to him the excellent equipment of the Connecticut men and the organization of the heavy artillery, the governor's special pride, were largely due.

As dark days came, Governor Buckingham pledged the secretary of war "that no state, large or small, shall send you better troops, or stand by you in all your embarrassments and perplexities more firmly than this. Commonwealth." There was no draft in Connecticut. But high bounties carried their own mischief. There was of course a lack of trained soldiers. Governor Buckingham had to commission civilians. He preferred young men. He had been used to dealing with subordinates, and he had preeminently good judgment. The long list of generals taken from his commissioned officers confirms his judgment in this new field. That these matters should be left wholly to the governors of the states was what Governor Andrew, clashing with General

Butler, fought for, winning a battle whose results all shared.

Like all the New England governors, Governor Buckingham often went out to the soldiers at the front. Once as he was leaving camp, he said: "Well, boys, is there anything more that I can do for you?" The "boys" suggested hurrying up the paymaster, long unseen. The governor said he would see what he could do. After he left, they found that, concluding that he could wait better than they, he had written his check for the whole amount due.

Connecticut went heart and soul into the support of the Sanitary and Christian Commissions. Surgeons were sent out constantly after battles, and the governor was most earnest in his efforts to have sick soldiers sent home.

After Antietam the loyal governors felt more strongly than ever the inadequacy of the forces as yet called out. Their ardor was im

the peace party. The national government was then spending $2,000,000 a day; and nearly half the able-bodied men of Connecticut had gone to the war. Had Pennsylvania furnished men in like proportion, McClellan would have had an army twice as large at the beginning of his campaign; or New York doing likewise could have given Sherman five times the force which swept through Georgia.

Until after Vicksburg and Gettysburg, 1863 was a dark year, and the peace party waxed strong. In his Thanksgiving proclamation, after the draft riots in New York, Governor Buckingham expressed gratitude that there had been no outbreak in Connecticut. That

mediately increased by the Emancipation Proclamation. Eighteen of them proposed that the contingent for 1862 be made 600,000. Governor Buckingham was ready to equip the Connecticut men at state expense, waiting the government's convenience for repayment. Governor Andrew recommended the suspension of all other business till enough troops went forward, and Governor Buckingham had sent out his proclamation before McClellan's army was wholly under shelter. This was the era of great war meetings, and likewise of steady opposition by

year 20,000 wellequipped troops went from the state. In all, Connecticut, with a population of half a million, sent 54,000 men to the war. Only Illinois and Iowa did more in proportion.

After eight years' continuous service, a term which set at naught all state traditions, Governor Buckingham declined renomination. He was approaching his threescore years and ten, and he thought that his work ended with the war. But he was of enduring stuff, and there was a term in the United States Senate before him yet. Five governors, Andrew of Massachusetts, Yates of Illinois, Morton of Indiana, Curtin of Pennsylvania, and Buckingham of Connecticut, served throughout the war. Yates, Morton and Buckingham met as United States senators. The two

GOVERNOR ERASTUS FAIRBANKS OF VERMONT.

latter, though firm allies in loyal service, had never met before. Governor Buckingham rendered efficient service in the Senate, on matters of currency and commerce, as chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and chairman of the special committee which investigated frauds in the New York custom house. Faultless always in courtesy and dignity, he grew mellower with years. With a religion which held to stern retribution, he would once have dealt harsh measures to the South, but he changed in this. He could say to an opposing senator: "My dear friend, we both mean what is right and must not condemn each other because we differ in our ways of attaining it." He died just before the close of his term, leaving an eminent example of what Milton calls "a square and constant mind."

Of all the men who were elected or reëlected governors in New England at the breaking out of the Civil War, Gov

ernor Israel Washburn of Maine alone had attained national reputation. For ten years he had been a prominent member of Congress, speaking upon all questions of the day and vehemently opposing any concessions. to slavery. He could claim to be at least the godfather of the Republican party. When towards midnight, May 23, 1854, in spite of the opposition which he had been leading in the lower House, the Nebraska Bill was ordered to be engrossed, he called a meeting next morning of those who had been acting with him, in the rooms of Eliot and Dickinson, representatives from Massachusetts. Those who were present at that meeting, believing that existing parties no longer answered the needs of the hour,

then and there marked out new lines, and Mr. Washburn suggested "Republican" as the name of the party thus ushered into being. He desired to remain in Congress, but yielded to party exigencies. His elec

some drafting in the autumn. Although about to retire, Governor Washburn went to the celebrated gubernatorial meeting at Brown University in September. In the spring he had thought the work f the governors in supplying troops nearly over, and so had declined renomination. During his two years, about 50,000 had gone from Maine. Retiring from the governorship, he then became for fourteen years collector of Portland, whose future as a great naval station he had tried to make secure.

For twentysix

consecu

tive years he was in the public service. His Fourth of July oration immediately after the war was an admirable summing up of its lessons and benefits. was a born orator and a man of broad culture. Burns was his favorite

He

wealthy, and at his death he left large bequests to the Baptist Church. His year of office was one of stern enforcement of the draft under the United States officials. Even they wanted to spare the forest county of Aroostook, which had well-nigh drained itself at the beginning; but its men were of just the sort needed. Some preliminary credits for naval enlistments eased matters a little; but,

poet; and, remarrying when past sixty, he took a wedding journey to Ayrshire. In religion he was a Universalist, and at his death perhaps the most distinguished layman of that church in the country. In 1875 he was elected president of Tufts College, but declined to serve.

Governor Abner Coburn succeeded Washburn. He was already an elderly man. Fifty years' success in lumber and railroads had made him

all in all, the war drew off nearly onehalf

of

Maine's ablebodied men. She sent out 75,000 men, and received back 50,000. Meantime the government did little for her long, irregular coast line, while her shipowners suffered heavily from privateers. Governor Samuel Cony, elected in the autumn of 1863, served through the rest of the war. He was a graduate of Brown University, and a

successful lawyer. He had been state treasurer and also mayor of Augusta. He had been an active Democrat, till those of his party opposed to the war rejected him in 1861. Then the War Democrats elected him to the Legislature. As governor, he applied himself energetically to the work before him.

In July, 1864, fearing that Washington was threatened, he called upon all citizens to become recruiting officers in order to raise a corps of