From China the capture of nearly all the Canton junks, or their destruction, shows that our blue-jackets and three or four thousand marines can do all that is required to keep the gentle friend of the Opposition, the mandarin Yeh, in order. We might augment the marines to five thousand. Then we need not have an army soldier in China. Lord Elgin had not reached Hong-Kong on the 24th of June. A portion of the militia is to be called out at home in lieu of the troops withdrawn, until more can be recruited. Government has shown a most praiseworthy energy upon the occasion.

Parliament proceeded with the public business in a mode we could wish to see altered, for the Lords, faithful to the traditions of their nominal ancestors in the days when religious persecution was thought to do Heaven the best service, rejected the alteration of the Jewish Oaths Bill, with great disdain towards their masters, the people of England. Some months ago we inquired whether the House of Commons would longer submit to the humiliation of suffering the Lords to dictate to them and the people of England whom the latter should elect and the Commons receive as their representatives. Lord John Russell, at the eleventh hour, discovered, or the discovery had been made for him, that their high mightinesses, the Lords, need not be consulted at all on the matter, and a committee was appointed to investigate whether the 5th and 6th of William IV. would not enable the House of Commons to make an order that Baron Rothschild take the oath necessary. This was referred to a select committee, which negatived it. Thus the Lords still dictate to the Commons and people of England who shall represent them! The Divorce and Matrimonial Bill was opposed, and much time lost in debating upon it. Lord Palmerston expressed his determination to carry through the bill if he prolonged the sitting of the House; in other words, kept the members from partridge-shooting, a calamity to which that in India must be secondary with the illustrious patriots of the Opposition. The majority of a hundred against some of the clauses did not cool their ardour. Some found out that Scripture, reason, and experience were against the bill, much as in an old debate the Jewish law was quoted against a man marrying a deceased wife's sister, when Jacob had married two sisters, both alive. Besides, what has England to do with the law of the race her peers are persecuting? The reference should be made to the book of the Christian faith. Mr. Gladstone opposed the bill altogether, because marriage was indissoluble. The honourable gentleman should have added, "and is a sacrament." The bill was fought step by step to the last. Ten hours were spent on discussing three lines in one instance, or the point that the court should exercise its discretion in granting a divorce to a wife whenever adultery, accompanied by ill treatment, was proved against the husband. It would appear that there was no other bill upon which the Opposition could hope to make so good a stand. It speculated, no doubt, upon a great latent support from the Church, and so, for want of a better object, selected this bill to play out their game for want of a better. We wish them joy of a proceeding which, more than any other, has exhibited the energy of their will and the insignificance of their power. The other bills we have not space to enumerate. They were, some of them, of considerable importance.

THE ENGAGEMENT OF SUSAN CHASE. BY THE AUTHOR OF

"ASHLEY"

FOX AT ST. ANNE'S HILL. BY SIR NATHANIEL

PAGE

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DELHI AND THE MUHAMMADAN REBELLION IN INDIA.

"Not only the interests of England, but also those of Europe, are at stake before the walls of Delhi," said a French writer in the Constitutionnel. This is true to an extent that may not be at once perceived. It is not only that Islamism has raised the standard of revolt in the old capital of India-the seat of the Patan and Mogul dynasties, and the centre of Muhammadan rule in Asia-against Great Britain, that it has, by misrepresentations and falsehoods, seduced the pliant and superstitious Hindoos, and by a mongrel hybrid proclamation, after the style of those of Hannuk, the founder of the Seiks, attempted to identify the paganism of the Hindoo with the iconoclasm of the Muhammadan,-it is that by reviving the sway of the Mussulman in India and Central Asia the long-dormant ambition and fanaticism of Islamism is aroused throughout the world. The hopes of better days, the promises of successes and triumphs, have been once more brought home to the impulsive imaginations of the followers of the Prophet, and have caused the pulse of Islamism to vibrate from Delhi to Teheran and Bokhara, and from Constantinople to Cairo, to Algiers, and to Morocco.

It cannot be otherwise than interesting to glance for a moment retrospectively at what these great Muhammadan dynasties really were, that they should be called upon in the nineteenth century to supersede British rule in the East; that "Down with the British, up with the Muhammadan rulers; down with the Raj of the Company Bahadur,' up with the throne of the Emperor of Delhi; away with the restraints of meek, gentle, tolerant Christianity; hail the reascendancy of stern, intolerant, all-conquering Islam," should be the battle-cry throughout the plains of Hindostan.

The Moslems first entered India, as they did all other portions of the globe that have been favoured by their presence, as conquerors and subjugators of the human race. Historians record twelve freebooting expeditions made by Mahmud of Ghizni, from all of which he returned triumphant and laden with booty. Delhi was at that epoch ruled by its own native sovereigns, the rajahs of Delhi or Indrapresta being mentioned as early as A.D. 1008, and its reigning prince entered, with other native princes, into alliance with Annindpal, King of Lahore, to oppose the devastations of the Moslems. The Hindoos being, however, defeated in a pitched battle, the Muhammadans, after sacking and destroying the sacred idols at Tanassar, took possession of Delhi, and would even then have occupied it permanently, had it not been that the well-defended kingdom of Lahore intervening, a regular communication could not be kept up between Delhi and Ghizni.

Oct.-VOL. CXI, NO. CCCCXLII.

K

A Hindoo king of Delhi combated at Ajmeer with a Moslem prince of Ghizni-Muhammad Ghori-hand to hand. Overthrowing the Ghorian, he wounded him in his arm, and entailed the rout of the whole Moslem army. The Muhammadans had their revenge, however, the ensuing year. The King of Delhi was slain in battle, his army dispersed, and the city handed over to the keeping of a Turkish slave, Kuttub, who, on the death of Muhammad Ghori, assumed the character of an independent sovereign. Thus it was that Moslem dominion was for the first time established in the heart of India. The founder of this first Muhammadan, or, as it was called, Patan race of emperors, was of the humblest birth. Brought as a captive from Turkestan, he had been purchased by a citzen of Nishapour, who, finding his talents good, instructed him in various arts and sciences. Upon the death of his master, he was sold with the rest of the property, and came into the possession of Muhammad. His abilities and address soon raised him to the rank of principal page, whence he was promoted to a military command, and rose to the first station in the army.

As King of Delhi, Kuttub, who had added Al Deen, "the faithful,” to his name, employed himself in making war, in honour of "the faith,” with his neighbours, till he sank into the usual luxurious indolence of Oriental potentates. At his death, Altmush, who, like Kuttub, had been sold as a slave and purchased by that prince, usurped the throne from Aram, the rightful heir. This prince extended the empire on every side, subjecting Bengal, Bahar, and Malwa, and reducing Gwalior, always considered the principal bulwark of Muhammadan power. After his death, which took place in 1236, there followed a succession of princes, most of whom occupied, during a very short period, a disputed throne. Among the most remarkable were Rizia Begum, one of the rare instances of a queen reigning among Muhammadans, and who, becoming attached to an Abyssinian slave named Jamal, and heaping the highest honours and dignities on her paramour, caused an insurrection, was imprisoned, and put to death. Mahmud II. was taken from a prison to a throne, which he, in consequence, knew not how to enjoy. Balin, his successor, was another of the slave emperors. This monarch's palace, reigning as he did in the time of the ravages of Zinghiz Khan, became the place of refuge of a host of Muhammadan princes, including even two sons of the Khalif.

Kei Kobad, who succeeded to Balin, gave himself up to licence and voluptuousness, abandoning the reins of government to Nizam, an unworthy favourite, who oppressed the people, and put to death all who endeavoured to oppose his tyranny. At length his health being ruined, he became an object of contempt to his people, and was murdered, together with his infant son, by Ferose, an Affghan chief, who, as usual, stepped through blood to power. Allah, who succeeded his uncle Ferose in 1295 by murdering him, not only began his reign in cruelty, but waded through blood to the end. He abandoned himself at the same time to the most unbridled profligacy. This Indian Heliogabalus, ignorant as he was sensual and cruel, cherished the idea of uniting the Moslems and Brahmins in one common worship, and of being himself a second Muhammad. He was got rid of by poison administered by one Kafoor, a profligate favourite, who also indulged his propensity to cruelty