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changed a little.

A toilet room was considered unnecessary here, and that has been taken out and the baths placed on that side, thus giving more room.

The veranda will have a hammock and a baby swing. In fine weather a table will be there for one group.

There is a sink and cupboard in the cooking-room and two corner cupboards in the dining-room. Both of these rooms have. blackboards. I did not like to disfigure the large room with them.

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Plan of Second Floor Baldwin Memorial Kindergarten.

The second floor will have a committee room, nicely furnished, besides the kindergarten room. The rest of it will be used for industrial classes for school children from 4 p. m. to 6 p. m. on school days, and all day on Saturday. The finished basement will be used for manual training.

The bathroom will be open to poor children from any part of the city during the above hours. We hope to add shower baths.

in one of the basement rooms some day. The location of the bathroom makes it accessible to school children without tramping thru the rest of the building.

The extra door in the boy's cloakroom is for the same purpose. Schoolboys will enter from the hall, and then pass downstairs to the manual training rooms. Schoolgirls will use the cloakroom : on the second floor.

The lot is 152x155 feet. The building will set back twenty feet, giving us a nice lawn. The rest of the lot will have a large sandpile, swings, seesaws, perhaps a giant stride and a row of tiny gardens.

I hope we can find means to employ a caretaker during the summer months, so that the playground need never be closed to those who have no place to play. Most of the industrial work is only projected. We will begin cautiously and proceed as means are provided, and as the demand increases.

A letter has just been read from Mrs. John A. Logan, Jr., offering to equip the manual training department.

Owing to the illness of one of the architects, the ground was not broken in October as we expected. It will be begun as early as possible in the spring.

Another kindergarten building has an interesting history. A certain corporation had begun a fine stone office building, 32x38 feet. For some season a change of location was made after the walls were up about five feet high.

The wife of a member of this corporation was appointed to look after a kindergarten we had in that locality. She interested. him so that he offered to induce the firm to put a building on that abandoned foundation. Being somewhat interested in the study of architecture himself, he designed a steep roof with gables, and covered the foundation so that it has the appearance of a Swiss chalet. The corporation, the Brierhill Iron and Coal Company, gives $1000 per year, also, to support this kindergarten. It is among their Italian employés, and was opened in October.

LET us be like a bird, one moment lighted

Upon a twig that swings,

He feels it yield, but sings on unaffrighted,
Knowing that he hath wings.

-Victor Hugo.

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PITTSBURG.

MEETING PLACE OF THE INTERNATIONAL KINDERGARTEN UNION,

P

APRIL 15, 16, 17, 1903.

GEORGIA ALLISON.

ITTSBURG, because of its varying products, has been called the "curiosity shop of the world." To the average visitor it is more often alluded to as the "Smoky City," or the iron city. The smoke hangs like a veil about it, making the sun appear like the moon, while the stores and street-cars often use artificial light far into the day. And yet, with all the drudgery which living in such gloom must bring, there is something marvelous with it all, which commands even the wanderer's interest.

A visitor from Cornell University, appreciating the beauty of the hills and rivers, compared Pittsburg, with its smoke, to the Egyptian Princess; the beauty, she said, was to be found under the veil were we only permitted to lift it. Small wonder that the Indians were loath to give up their happy hunting grounds among the great hills at the head of the Ohio, and beside the beautiful Allegheny and Monongahela rivers.

This point of land upon which Pittsburg now stands, formed by the junction of the three rivers, became the spot of contention for three of the great nations of the world-France, England, and America. Twice it was captured in war; first, in 1754, by Contrecour, the Frenchman, and again, three or four years later, by the British general, Forbes.

It was besieged by the Indians and blown up and burned by the French. George Washington has been called the father of Pittsburg, because he selected it as the best place for a fort. At his suggestion William Trent was sent here by General Dinwiddie of Virginia, in 1754, to build a fort. However, before it was finished the French captured the point and completed it, naming it Fort Duquesne. They held it three or four years, when the English retook it, the French having blown up and burned all the buildings at the time of defeat. The English then rebuilt what is known today as Old Fort Pitt, within 200 yards of where old Fort Duquesne stood. This old redoubt, commonly called "The

Block House," is one of the few landmarks still standing, which point the young American of today back to the earliest history of his country.

But history and beauty are minor points to the giant men of commerce, who see dollars in the smoke and factories in the place of forts. The following statistics have been given regarding Pittsburg: In what is known as the Pittsburg district, including a radius of 75 miles from the court-house, there are 3,300 manufactories, employing 250,000 men, and operated with capital aggregating the enormous sum of $2,000,000,000.

The Pittsburg district produces a greater product of the following manufactures than any other in the world: steel and iron, plate-glass, pickles, petroleum, steel cars, air-brakes and electrical machinery, window-glass, tableware, steel and wrought-iron pipe, coal and coke works, natural gas, fire-brick and clay. The tonnage of the three rivers exceeds that of any seaport or lake harbor in the United States. Figures carefully compiled show conclusively that more freight traffic originates here than in any city in the world. Official returns show that it requires 1,183,987 railroad cars to move the inbound and outbound freightage of Allegheny county. And, parallel with this industrial progress is the great increase of the city's population. If Pittsburg's limits were coextensive with those of Allegheny county, as Philadelphia's are with Philadelphia county, and Chicago with Cook county, Pittsburg would stand fourth in the list instead of St. Louis, with something like threequarters of a million people.

A large foreign element has been gathered here by our diverse industries. Within a radius of 25 miles of Pittsburg we have 95,000 people of the Slavic race-Slovacs, Bohemians, Poles, Croatians, Russians, and Servians, and 35,000 Italians, making a total of 140,000 people of the same class. Last year 562,868 of Slavic peoples came to Pittsburg.

The kindergarten has been recognized in this great industrial center as a great and necessary redemptive force. The women, who have been first to recognize the benefit of its ideals to such a community have been untiring in their zeal to place kindergartens within reach of all its children. In ten years the Pittsburg and Allegheny Free Kindergarten Association established fifty schools. This work has been done in coöperation with the Pittsburg Central Board of Education, which appropriates $25,000 a

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