AND Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. This Journal is supplied Weekly, or Monthly, by the principal Booksellers and Newsmen, throughout the Kingdom; but to those who may desire its immediate transmission, by post, we recommend the LITERARY GAZETTE printed on stamped paper, price One Shilling. No. 752. REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. THE CHOLERA MORBUS. tended its ravages over the half of Asia and aa favourable sign. The alvine discharges reconsiderable portion of Europe. In the whole, semble those thrown up from the stomach; it is true defective, history of diseases, there is many slimy flakes are observed in them, and [In the midst of the great political affairs with which the no example of so speedy a succession of two their quantity is in most cases very consider. civilised world is at this moment heaving, there is, wide-spread epidemics as the latest times have able: the former are generally preceded by exhibited. The influenza of 1782 and the pains, which frequently become very acute, but nevertheless one object of paramount importance to the living race of man-we allude to the plague-like disease cholera have occurred within half a cen-in some cases do not occur at all. Tenesmus which is becoming so fearfully known in Europe by tury; and this striking phenomenon of our is often associated with these symptoms, but in the name of the Cholera Morbus. In preceding Literary eventful times may justly be regarded as evi-general it is not severe. Greater inconvenience Gazettes we have noticed its progress while yet at a dis-dence in favour of a conjecture hazarded by a is sustained from a burning sensation and optance; the ravages it committed in Asia, and the extra-modern philosopher, that there exists an inti- pression in the region of the stomach, accomordinary nature of its dreadful march from the southern mate connexion between the political vicissi-panied by such torturing thirst, that even towards the northern hemisphere. But the attention tudes of the human race and the extraordinary medical men, well aware of the danger of cold must be more strongly fixed upon, and the mind ex- occurrences in the physical world so frequently drinks, have not been able to refrain from cited, when we find the giant malady, as it were, at our coincident with them. Striking as is the re- urgently soliciting the indulgence. The region own door; when we daily hear of its destructive opera- semblance between the two great disorders of of the stomach feels hot externally. At the tion in parts with which we are in direct intercourse; modern times in one point, they are very dis- same time excessive debility and exhaustion and when the unusual sight of quarantine is enforced similar in other respects. The first assumed supervene, and frequently increase to fainting. by only common prudence and caution in the ports of the form of a catarrhal fever; the second that Soon after the commencement of the copious Britain. At such a crisis, every particle of information which can be gathered and diffused on the subject is of vomiting and diarrhoea-both diseases which evacuations, cramps ensue: they commonly of national value, as well as of deep individual con- are disposed to an epidemic extension. The begin in the extremities, and gradually pass cernment; and we have the satisfaction of performing catarrh is more a disease of northern countries; from these to the muscles of the trunk. It is a public duty in laying the following paper before our the influenza originated in north-eastern Asia; but rarely that these cramps are aggravated readers.-Ed. L. G.] the birth-place of the cholera is southern Asia. into general convulsions: in many cases they Mittheilungen über die morgenländische Brech-As the catarrhal fever is generally a mild dis- are absent altogether, but this is far from being ruhr-Communications concerning the Cho- ease; but the cholera, on the other hand, re- a favourable sign. Convulsions of the muscles lera Morbus. By Dr. R. A. Riecke. Vol. I. quires speedy and potent aid from art to obviate have frequently been observed even after death. Stuttgart, 1831. a disastrous issue; so both retained their charac. The pulse is at first small, weak, and quick; EVER since the year 1817, that pest, the cho-ter on their appearance as epidemics. Though but soon after the cramps take place it is not lera, has been sweeping like a whirlwind, the influenza spread itself very generally in the to be felt in any external parts. The skin without apparent direction or control, through India, Persia, China, Turkey, and Russia; and it has at length approached so near to the frontiers of the more civilised countries of Europe, as to excite very serious apprehensions of its invasion of our own shores. Whatever tends, therefore, to elucidate the history and nature of this wide-spreading and devastating disease, must at this moment be peculiarly interesting. places which it visited as, for example, at cholera." with time, place, and circumstances. The fol- loses its natural warmth, becomes as cold as marble, is mostly covered with a cold clammy perspiration, and assumes a livid hue; the lips and nails turn quite blue. In this state the skin is even proof against chemical agency, such as that of boiling water and the like, though the patient complains of heat in the the features of the face quickly collapse, and superficial parts. The eyes sink in their orbits, have a corpse-like appearance. Respiration, which is at first accelerated, becomes, with the The volume before us is occupied with the history of the cholera morbus; and the author Dr. Riecke then follows, historically, the increase of the disorder, difficult and slow: in intends to treat in a second of the method of course of the disorder from its origin at Noddia one case only seven respirations occurred in a cure. He sets out with a comprehensive view on the Ganges, in May 1817, through all its minute. The breath has little warmth. Blood of the phenomenon, of which he presents the labyrinthine ramifications to its reappearance taken during the disease exhibits scarcely any following sketch :in Russia last year. He pays, at the same serum, and no crust, and rapidly congeals: as "Asia, the cradle of the human race and of time, particular attention to all the symptoms, it runs out it is thick and black, even from the its civilisation, is at the same time the birth- distinguishing those which have invariably at-arteries. During the disease an extraordinary place of the contagious diseases which have attended the disorder, and such as have varied various periods ravaged the world. There originated the black death, which, in the middle of the fourteenth century, traversed Asia and Europe, like a destroying angel, and is said to have carried off thirteen millions of persons in China alone; there was generated the influenza of the last century, which spread from the eastern parts of Asia over the whole of that quarter of the globe and Europe, and even crossed the wide Atlantic to America; and there, too, first appeared the cholera morbus, which in the space of thirteen years has exLate accounts state that several of the French surpeons who had gone from Paris to Poland to study and alleviate this pestilence, have fallen victims to their zeal. It is reported, that an English captain died at Riga after only three hours' illness; and added, we trust untruly, Uhat after the cholera broke out at this port, many vessels led before orders were received from Petersburgh to shop all communications. anxiety frequently supervenes: it proceeds, no doubt, in part from moral influences, but is always an unfavourable symptom. In India it "In many cases the disorder commences was more frequent in Europeans than in the suddenly, with its characteristic symptoms; but natives. The secretion of the saliva and urine in others it is preceded for a short time by is generally suspended, but not that of the gall, of the stomach, nausea, debility, shivering, section of bodies, the gall-bladder is commonly various prognostics, such as a sense of fulness though gall is rarely discharged. On the disvertigo, and frequently an inexpressible anxi- found full of a blackish gall. The functions of the night or morning: the stomach discharges ment, though a kind of stupor frequently takes ety. The disease itself mostly breaks out in the brain seldom suffer any material derangeits contents by vomiting; the matters contained place; but the mental faculties are always in the bowels are speedily expelled; and a sud-somewhat impaired, and the senses weakened. den feeling of exhaustion ensues. These first The state of these functions, according to Cromevacuations are soon succeeded by others in well, closely resembles that which succeeds inboth ways; but the discharged matter is of a toxication. The disease is always attended totally different nature, mostly resembling tur- with great apathy, and patients are very often bid water; it is often greenish and yellowish, and in the more advanced stages of the disease occasionally contains gall, which in general is quite indifferent as to the issue of their disorder. They mostly retain their consciousness to the last, and often feel themselves relieved THE LITERARY GAZETTE, AND at the approach of death, as the debilitating | a person of undaunted mind, with cleanli- description of it as it prevailed in 1770 at evacuations and cramps cease, and the warmth ness and moderation, was safe from its attack. Arcot, in 1783 in the valley of Ambore, and returns to individual parts, though the features On this subject he referred to the present em- in 1771 at Ganjam. In 1775 it broke out in of the face retain their characteristic ghastly or peror of China, declaring that Pekin owed its the Mauritius. It has since been frequently corpse-like expressions. In other cases, how-exemption from the disease solely to the firm- observed among the British troops in India, ever, the most distressing symptoms continue ness of his imperial majesty, who was pleased especially when encamped in certain districts, till death. The recovery of the patient is indi- to say to those about him: "Do not suppose and more particularly in Travancore; but its cated by the return of warmth over the whole that the disorder is more powerful than your-ravages have rarely been extended over large surface of the skin, the elevation of the pulse, selves; the pusillanimous alone die of it." the cessation of the cramps, vomiting, and From that moment they all took courage, and it spread in the year 1031 as far as Syria; flux, the appearance of gall in the evacuations, nothing was left for the disease but to quit the and according to an Arabian tradition, a similar tracts of country. According to Deguignes, the renewal of the urinary and salivary secre- capital. tions, and a disposition to sleep. The re"But that is nothing," he proceeded: malady penetrated about 500 years since from appearance of the fæces is also a very favour-curred in the year 1070. A disease broke out last epidemic broke out, after considerable "I will relate to you another case, which oc- India to Egypt, Nubia, and Abyssinia. The able sign. In other respects, the course of the at Pekin of a peculiar character, for it affected anomalies of weather, in the year 1817 in disorder presented many deviations. It often the tails of those who quitted their houses and Bengal. The next article will shew how far happened that persons attacked by the disease abode in the open air. In a short time it con- its ravages have extended. fell to the ground, and in a short time expired, sumed half the tail, and the immediate death without the characteristic symptoms of the of the owner was the consequence. When this complaint being clearly developed, as had been was reported to the then reigning emperor, previously observed in other epidemic diseases, Tschang-Lung, he declared emphatically that for instance, in the plague, by Sydenham. In he would not hear any thing of such a disorder. such cases the course is extremely rapid; they This his supreme will expressed with firmness, occur chiefly in the commencement of the epi-and thereupon made public, had such an effect demic. The fatal catastrophe usually happens on the malady that it left Pekin forthwith." from ten to twenty-four hours after the first While the dzargutschey was detailing these appearance of the symptoms of the malady: circumstances, he fixed his eyes intently on the the transition to recovery is often as rapid, director, and perceiving in his looks a certain though many convalescents suffer a long time distrust of his statements, he added, with a from complaints in the stomach and abdomen. smile: "You must believe, at any rate, that In many instances the cholera brings on a fear enervates the mind, and that the latter has nervous fever, which not rarely proves fatal. a decisive influence upon the body. Whether Relapses frequently occur, and are more dan-you believe my story or not, we must listen gerous than the first attacks, on account of the without terror to the report of the disease at prostration of strength induced by the latter." To this statement we shall only subjoin aus." This was in the summer of 1827: the Kukuchoton, and then it will positively not visit few detached facts. direction. disease actually proceeded no further in that Die Cholera Morbus; ihre Verbreitung, ihre Zufälle, die versuchten Heilmethoden, ihre Eigenthüm lickkeiten, und Die im Grossen dagegen auzuwendenden Mittel-The Cho lera Morbus; its Diffusion, its Accidents, the Curative Methods attempted, its Pecu liarities, and the Means to be employed on a large Scale against it; with a Map of its THE author first compares the cholera with Progress. By Frederick Schnurrer, M.D. other great phenomena of a similar kind-the Physician to the Duke of Nassau. yellow fever, and the plague properly so called. Even those One great difference between the yellow fever and the plague is, that the former disease confines itself to a margin of coast only a few from this tract, need but travel a little distance miles in breadth; so that whoever can remove The cholera made its first appearance on the in order to feel perfectly secure. The plague, swampy and very unhealthy banks of a rivers and it keeps in preference to low damp coun- fectious or not? is still involved in great ob- still continues to spread itself over a space, The question, whether the cholera is in- have contracted itself within narrower limits, on the contrary, though it now appears to tries, avoiding the dry and elevated parts. scurity. Upon the whole, the English phy-which, northward from the tropic of Cancer, According to Ranken, camels and goats were sicians in the south are rather in favour of the and westward from the Caspian Sea and the attacked with violent diarrhoea where the cho- opinion that it is not infectious; while the Gulf of Persia, occupies 70° of longitude, and lera prevailed. In the tropical countries, the Russian, in the north, believe that it is. In in some places 31° of latitude, and in which cholera regularly increased and abated with the support of both assertions there are facts, the disease appears in the valleys and more rainy season. The appearance of the cholera many of which are cited by the author. In elevated situations. The case is totally dif seems to have some connexion with that of Ceylon not a physician or attendant on the ferent with the cholera. With the exception earthquakes: both were most violent in India sick was affected; while in Persia a lying-in of particular spots, the mortality occasioned by in 1820, in Arabia in 1822, and in Syria in woman, who had not stirred a step out of the it is far from being so great as that caused by 1823. In the island of Ceylon and in Astra-house, was attacked by cholera. The Bengal the plague or the yellow fever. can, it was particularly remarked that very few Board of Health, and that of Madras, unre- who compute the number swept away by it in women, and no children, were attacked by the servedly declare their conviction of the non-India at two and a half millions out of a podisease; whereas, in the government of Oren- contagious nature of the disease, in their re- pulation of forty millions, pre-suppose that burg, the women were more especially affected ports founded on the testimony of a hundred every part of the country was visited by the by it. The Bramins attributed the origin of the of the Bombay Board leaves the point doubtful. the troops, who, as adults and persons of the medical men. disorder to the anger of the goddess Ulabebi, The Russian physicians, on the other hand, male sex were chiefly attacked, experienced It is true that an earlier report disorder, which was not the fact: but among and to a quarrel between her and the god Kali; adduce several striking instances of real in the greatest relative mortality, and whose loss and asserted that the resentment of the goddess fection; and the Russian medical commission can be stated with the greatest accuracy, the could only be appeased by a pilgrimage to her formally declared last autumn, the malady to deaths varied in the first years from one in five temple at Kalinghaut, by liberal offerings there, be "not only epidemic, but also contagious." and by bathing in the sacred waters of the neighbouring Ganges. Thousands followed this It was long ago observed in India, and de- Neither will any one believe, where the disThe cholera is not a new phenomenon. it no where exceeded the latter proportion. to one in a hundred, and from 1818 to 1821 injunction, and, during the pilgrimage, fell vic-scribed before the middle of the seventeenth ease has prevailed, that it is infectious. The tims to the very disease which they hoped to century by Bontius, in his work De Medi- space over which it has spread itself is proescape by means of it. The Russian director of the customs at is named in Sanscrit vandie, and ennerum Novogorod, and from the Mauritius at the cina Indorum (Leyden, 1642). The disease digious-from the Spice Islands to Nishnei Kiachta applied to the dzargutschey, the chief vandie; in Mahratta morschi; in Hindustanee southernmost extremity of Africa to the steppes civil officer on the Chinese frontier, to establish morghi (death), out of which the Europeans of the Kirgises. From the mysterious nature quarantine institutions against the cholera. made mordeschie, or mort de chien. In the of the phenomenon, from the sudden appearThe latter replied, that police precautions Transactions of the Board of Health of Ma- ance and rapid course of the disease, it is imwould be useless for his country, on account of dras, so far back as 1787, there is a complete possible to guess when and at what points it its very numerous population; adding, with the greatest sang froid, that this disease would give their empire so much the more room, the College of Physicians, who have favoured it and the as, in its diffusion, it has so little resemblance more people it carried off. This notion he public with a most vague report, the gist of which seems to other infectious disorders for instance, the Our own government has referred the subject to the go, that you discover it under your feet; and will break out; you imagine, wherever you supported by the remark, that a sickness of imported by persons, and not by goods! Other doctors small-pox, the plague, and the like that prethis kind knew its victims, and left others un-have been scribbling in the newspapers; but so meagre, ventives are totally out of the question.” to be a mere assertion,-that the disease is likely to be touched; that it selected such as live in filth that they serve rather to perplex than to throw a light on and intemperance; and that, on the contrary, this very serious and threatening phenomenon.-Ed. L. G. and disconnected, and contradictory, are their opinions, of the breaking out and extension of the cholera, In the first section the author gives the history 387 appearance of Jacqueline, and part of a scene and this part of the subject is admirably illus- | Academy of Sciences in Paris, as tending to air of truth to his descriptions only to be actrated by the map attached to the work. It throw light on the question, whether the disease quired by actual knowledge; and we doubt began on the 19th of August, 1817, at Zilla is contagious or not? Jessore, one hundred English miles to the north of Calcutta. It soon spread over the one ever thought of it. The belief in its con- the benefit of the uninitiated, we quote the The cholera broke out at Moscow before any familiar terms to a great body of readers. For not the kabblejaws and the hoeks will become whole country bordering on the Ganges, as-tagious nature, and the panic consequent upon origin of the terms. cending that river; and in the years 1818 and that notion, instantly became general. Before 1819, it penetrated to the southernmost extre- any precautions were deemed necessary, fifty year 1350, between Marguerite of Bavaria, mities of both the Indian peninsulas, continu- thousand persons had fled from the city. It countess of Holland, and her son William, "During the contests for power, about the ing its course in 1820 to the islands, and turn- was not long before it was surrounded by a grand-uncle to Jacqueline, some of their reing from Manilla, in a north-eastern direction, cordon, to prevent the disease from spreading spective partisans, the most powerful men in to China in 1821. Then taking a prodigious into the country. This measure was rather too the country, held a repast, at which a frivoleap, it appeared in the Persian Gulf, as- late and then, how is it possible to enclose a lous argument took place on the question, cended the Euphrates and Tigris, as it had city, the circumference of which is equal to that whether the hoek (fishing-hook) might be previously done the Ganges, and ravaged of Paris? Many of the fifty thousand fugi- said to take the kabblejaw (cod-fish), or vice Turkey in Asia and Persia till 1823. In the tives had carried with them the seeds of the versa. A serious quarrel was the consequence same year it attained the farthest points of its disorder from Moscow: they fell sick at the of the dispute; the different parties affixed on career both to the west and east, advancing to quarantines on the frontiers of the government, each other the words which formed the matter the coasts of the Mediterranean on the one side, and there died; but they were not known to of argument; distinctive badges were assumed; and to the island of Amboyna on the other. have infected any one. Afterwards taking a northern direction, it sick was not more considerable in the vicinity following, was divided into two desperate poliThe number of the and the whole population, for full a century appeared again in China in 1826, and last year of the hospitals than elsewhere: people have tical sects." still further north in Russia. reached its southernmost limit, the Isle of yet been exempted from the complaint; and In 1820, it slept in the same bed with diseased persons, and Bourbon; in 1823, at one and the same time very few of the attendants in the hospitals were its eastern and western, Amboyna and Antakia, attacked by it. It is now the general opinion on the Mediterranean; and in 1830 its nor- in Moscow, that the cholera is not infectious, thern, in the vicinity of Petersburg. Thus it and even the common people are convinced of appears that the space traversed by the cholera this from ocular demonstration. forms a cross, the northern end of which seems trary notion had gained currency, owing to the to have received its utmost extension not far reports from distant provinces, but more partiThe con. from Petersburg, the eastern at Amboyna, and cularly to the opinion of the Council of Health the southern at the Isle of Bourbon, while the in 1824. western end is quite short, and ought to run eradicate this error: his views have been comDr. Darbal has taken great pains to out as far as Cadiz, in order to balance the pletely confirmed by experience, and the goeastern arm terminating at Amboyna. The second section treats of the course of the tine, though the disease still continues (about vernment has actually abolished the quaran. disease, the description of which, coinciding with twenty persons being attacked daily), and susthat given in the preceding article, we shall pass pended the fumigations which have been found over. In the third are detailed the various me- absolutely inefficacious throughout the whole thods of cure hitherto tried, whence it appears empire. Minute investigation of the case of a that the right, the infallible one, is not yet dis- patient has always led, not to an infection, but, covered; that those hitherto adopted are all on the contrary, to positive, immediate causes contradictory to each other; and that none of of disease. But, though the public in Moscow them has produced a satisfactory result. On at present consider the malady as purely epidethe other hand, the author's notion, that in all mic, the physicians do not hold it to be absoprobability external remedies ought to be pre-lutely uninfectious, but are of opinion that it ferred to internal, is particularly interesting. confines itself to the forming of what are termed "As it must be assumed that in the state of focuses of infection, as is the case in certain general collapse, internal remedies can scarcely fevers. The persons best acquainted with the operate, on account of the total absence of the subject agree in these points: 1. The germ of capability of feeling their impressions, and, at the cholera is developed in no other way than any rate, there can be no question but of a by some external cause, as taking cold, indiges-work." chemical and mechanical action; it may be tion, intoxication, &c. asked, whether there are not external remedies as it has been represented: if properly treated 2. It is not so terrible operating in that manner, by means of which, on its first appearance, it is not difficult of cure. through a powerful impression on the solids, the 3. The only remedy that has been found effica circulation and the play of the secretions might cious is heat in high degrees; all others are no The fourth section treats of the peculiarities proved by the fact, that though in twenty hose better than nothing, and this is sufficiently of the cholera in its diffusion; and the author pitals, different, nay, totally opposite, methods expressly declares this disease to be not infec- of cure were adopted, yet the mortality was tions. In the last section he considers the nearly in the same proportion in all. Should means to be adopted on a large scale against the disease spread to western Europe, and there it; and after shewing that it has always can scarcely be any doubt that it will, it may visited in preference those nations and classes be predicted with tolerable certainty, from its which are naturally, or through poverty, dis- regular progress hitherto, that it will not reach posed to filth, and confined to meagre fare, France before the year 1832. be restored ?" he comes to a conclusion, which, though sound ing rather paradoxical, is not a little encou-Jacqueline of Holland, a Historical Tale. By bow of Spanish yew, a female of elegant form, and a face of melancholy beauty, listened, but "Standing near to him, and leaning on a features were more strongly marked than those of mere girls in early youth; yet they joined with a pre-occupied air, to his discourse. Her a bloom and freshness rarely found after the that only belongs to womanhood; and her face very spring-time of life, to a decided dignity displayed that harmonious brilliancy which can withered by it. She was dressed in the fashion receive the imprint of suffering without being of the wealthier females of Holland, in a robe of fine white kersey, over which was a light blue pourpoint of the same stuff, close fitting her bust and waist, but with loose flaps that reached the knees. Her hair, worn in great profusion, was fancifully garnished with side plates and rings of gold, studded with precious stones; and beneath her high cap of green velvet hung innumerable curls, of light brown, tinged with occasional streaks of a shade that was all but auburn. Her shoes of blue morocco were sharp pointed, and turned to the instep; and a narrow belt of blue silk was fastened in front with a diamond aigrette, below which hung two points of gold filagree up almost gigantic Frieslander, meet the countess and her party in the wood, where they are hunting, Two strangers, one a youth, the other a when the younger of the strangers warns her of danger. 6 the forest, if they know not, that in this month of September, the straggling remnants of the "These gentlemen are little cognoscent of Orox and Bonassus herds come down in this very track to the sea-side, raging and furious.' the very district called the wild-bull chase-Is it so?" exclaimed the prelate, perturbedly. "It Holy martyrs! it is too true. This must be is,' said the young man; and hark! may St. that? To this latter question in the dialect of Andrew be my hold, if I hear not the snorting of the monster even now! Oost, heard you behind a thick clump of twisted oak roots, Friesland the giant only answered by grasping which presented the appearance of a natural the young man's waist, and forcibly lifting him redoubt. He then loosened his knife in his belt, but without drawing it, and grasping his pale but stern anxiety which marks the face of mace in both hands he stood prepared with that of a letter from Marin Darbal, a French physi-heroine, he is equally so in his scene. Quite the intrepid man, who knows his peril, but fears Moscow, read at a late meeting of the at home in Holland, he is able to give that it not. At the same instant, the horses and Can at dogs, every one, startled and trembled, in the | with a steady hand; it struck the animal shop, who had just forced himself from his instinct of brute alarm. The very deer that close to one eye, and broke against the bone. place of safety, and began to fly, why or where lay on the ground in the last gasp of death, Irritated by the obstacles which kept him from he knew not. But at this new sound, which made a struggling effort to rise, and expired the bishop, and inflamed by the smart of the he could not imagine aught but the monster's with a shudder of fear. In the next moment a wound, his long beard was now white with roar, he flung himself prostrate again, and roar of terrible depth resounded through the foam, and he darted with a tiger-spring full would willingly, like the ostrich, have plunged forest, and the monster which sent it forth against the spot where the countess and Van his head into the earth. The busy group of appeared close to the group, crashing through Monfoort stood. The horse, which the latter combatants saw that the business was over. branch and briar, with an air of savage majesty still held, now burst from his grasp, and in a Jacqueline, too, knew that the danger was at once appalling and sublime. His height and desperate plunge for escape, fell on his knees escaped. Compassion was her first feeling. bulk were enormous, double that of an ordinary-over the branches of the broken tree. The Fly, fly, Van Monfoort, and succour the sized bull; he was jet black, with the exception orox almost instantly transfixed him to the huntsman, if he yet live!' said she. Her of a broad stripe of white running along his earth, and then gored him in a shocking man- next impulse was gratitude. She hastily unback, as was visible while he stooped his huge ner, as he lay groaning and snorting with tied the girdle from her waist, and turning head to the earth, butting against it, and tear- agony and fright. At this moment the young to the young stranger, who left the compleing it up furiously with his short thick horns; stranger, who, during the brief space occupied tion of the butcher's work to his companion, while his eyes gleamed like fire-balls under the by the appalling scene had been held in his she said, with brimming eyes and a trembling tuft of hair, curling garland-like on his front; giant companion's grasp, succeeded in break- voice, Take this, wear it for the sake of and he lashed his long tail and shook his mane, ing from it, and sprang to Jacqueline's side. her whom you have saved. Ask not who I that hung full six feet from his neck and swept Spurning all false delicacy or forced reserve, he am, but if the day ever comes when you disthe ground. Fly, fly!' cried the young caught her in one arm, and made an attempt to cover it, remember that I shall value this as stranger, as he drew his sword, and stood in bear her away towards the clump whence Oost one of the brightest in a whole life of misthe shelter of the trees; but his warning was had followed him;while Van Monfoort, with more fortune!' 'Beautiful and generous woman," not wanting to most of the party, and came too respect, but equal valour, covered their retreat, cried the stranger, I do not merit this; nor late to the rest. The huntsmen, acquainted and stepped backwards after them, his huge dare I accept a gift, lavished on one who with the terrible voice of the orox, ran in every two-handled sword pointed towards the pur- may not venture to declare even his name.' direction, or climbed the nearest trees, even suing orox. The young stranger, whose keen Keep it, keep it-my heart vouches for before he appeared; the dogs dispersed, yelp-eye looked around at every step, saw now your nobility-quick, put it up! they come!' ing from fright, with the exception of that be- there was more danger in an attempted retreat The young man hastily tore open his vest and longing to the dyke-digger, which stood close than a desperate defence. He, therefore, thrust into his bosom the girdle, much more to its master, with trembling joints, but turned again, and placed himself beside Van precious from the manner of the donor, than bristling hair, displaying, nearly as he did, Monfoort, calling out to him to stand firm. from the intrinsic value of the embroidered a mixture of terror, subdued by resolution. The intrepid Ludwick stopped short, and an- silk and the diamond aigrette by which it The horses, one and all, reared up, bounded, swered by a cheering word. Oost stepped up was adorned. But Jacqueline, whose eyes folwheeled, and attempted to gallop off; several a little, inclining in front of his companion, lowed the movement, felt a thrill of disapof them succeeded in the attempt. That the dog flanking both. Jacqueline might have pointment and regret, at discovering on the which was mounted by Benina, received ample now fled with a fair chance of safety from be- breast of the stranger's inner doublet, the aid from its terrified rider, who gave a loose hind this living rampart; but, from what oc- broad red cross of St. Andrew-the badge of rein, and urged it to its utmost speed. Glo- cult sentiment or sympathy, we pretend not to the followers of Burgundy! She would have cester's pony, and Fitz-walter's stout, sturdy, decide, she stood still, encircled by the young given worlds to have recalled her gift. It was and hard-mouthed beasts, completely mastered stranger's arm, and seemed satisfied to share too late." their riders, and carried them in different directions into the thicket. The hardy Van Monfoort, who was on foot, at the first alarm with horns and visage streaming in the gore knowledge og discontent. the peril which he had rushed into for her We have now to offer a few words of advice, sake. As the orox plunged towards them, rather than of Mr. Grattan's his imagination; he abandoned his horse, stepped up beside Jacque- of the torn horse, Van Monfoort and the too often allows the story to flag, in his desire line, and aided her in holding in her restive stranger opposed their swords' points to his that none of the accumulated stores of his palfrey, but not with sufficient steadiness to broad front, and in the same instant Oost memory should be wasted: he describes too enable her to dismount. The bishop, at the dealt him a terrific blow on the head with his much. Indeed, we must say, many of our first curvet of his agitated garron, was flung mace. He might as well have struck against historic romancers are over-minute in their sprawling into a tuft of blackberries, and his a rock; the iron points pierced, and perhaps small details. It would be thought very ab face and hands soon streamed with the mingled splintered the bone, but the monster never surd in a novelist of modern life, if he dejuice of the crushed fruit and his own blood, swerved. He, however, raised his neck and scribed the dress of every person who figured which the thorns profusely shed as he rolled head for one instant to its utmost height, in his pages; and we do not see why" dishimself deeper and deeper in the covering of either from the effects of the stroke, or to gain tance should lend such enchantment to the the briars. The first victim to the fury of the a better aim for the fatal plunge which imme- view," and that so much space should be given orox was an unlucky pricker, who, slipping diately followed directly at the stranger and to costume, merely because it happens to be from the branch which he grasped, in an Jacqueline, for they formed but one mark. some two hundred years old. To shew the effort to mount an oak, fell to the earth, and Oost stepped another step forward, and threw absurdity of the thing, let every individual in was in a moment lifted on the fierce animal's himself before them; there was but one blow a novel of the present day be ushered in horns, and tossed bleeding and breathless to between him and death. Stooping almost to with a minute account of his or her garb. a distance of several yards; the prostrate ec- the earth, against which the heavy head of his "The countess had a white crêpe hat, on clesiastic was the next object of attack. The mace rested, he raised the weapon up with a whose white ostrich feathers Maradan had monster bounded towards him with roars of fierce jerk in both hands, to the elevation of exhausted her skill. She had a white Swiss increasing fury, mingled with which were the his own head, as he sprung erect to his full cambric pélerine, exquisitely worked, whose shouts of the observers, who thus hoped to dis- height. The descending muzzle of the brute, collerette had three small frills, the two outtract his attention from the shrieking priest. as it came down with an equal speed and ten- side ones small-plaited, the other done in As he sprang forward, a tree of full fifty years' fold force, caught the uprising blow. It was French plaits: it was fastened round the growth met his career; he struck it with his the vulnerable part, the spot held by Mother throat with a blue gauze riband, figured. The broad front, and shivered it like a splintered Nature, as she plunged this monster and its gown was of figured gros de Varna, colour lance; it fell right over the bishop's otherwise kind in the exempting mould of its terrible bleu céleste; the corsage was drapé, the sleeves imperfect shelter, and by its shadowing branches strength. It reared up and tottered back; in with bouffans à l'Amadis, the skirt full, and saved him from destruction. Jacqueline was an instant the swords of Van Monfoort and the ceinture of figured satin," &c. &c.-for now on the ground, and while Van Monfoort the young stranger were in its breast, and the verily we have exhausted our stock of knowheld the curb of the almost frantic horse with more effective knife of the dyke-digger was ledge on the subject, and much more, had we both hands, as a final means of turning the deeply plunged into its throat; his dog at the not had a tête-à-tête with a pretty girl of our wild bull's rage, she placed an arrow in her same time sprang at its lip, and, with the acquaintance. How would a modern novelbow, and (with a courage, which on many as sagacious tenacity of its breed, held down the ist be assailed with reproaches for his frivogreat a trial proved her one of the bravest of animal to the earth, on which it sunk in a lity! In this lies one of Sir Walter Scott's women) she scorned, or perhaps saw the hope-flood of gore. A shout of triumph burst from great merits: the style of dress, when introlessness of flight, and discharged the weapon the victors, echoed by a scream from the bi-duced, usually illustrates the character, and never seems merely brought forward for the purpose of shewing the writer's extensive reading. We have another observation to make, which may equally apply to Mr. James, whose Philip Augustus we noticed last week: do not these writers perceive how much the tide of sympathy sets against chivalry? Our interest in it is exhausted; and, in the present day, we are rather inclined to undervalue the merits of the warriors of old, and demand of knights and knighthood cui bono? on the grounds of utility, than at all to enter into their feelings or their prejudices. Mr. Grattan was more judicious in the Heiress of Bruges; all his readers' present sympathies were in favour of a bold and free people struggling for their rights, against tyranny as oppressive as it was unjust. And therefore we must say, we do not consider the present work equal to its predecessor, though very much above the average run of historical romances. "They wove bright fables in the days of old! When reason borrowed fancy's painted wings; When truth's clear river flowed o'er sands of gold, And told, in song, its high and mystic things! And such the sweet and solemn tale of her, a The The pilgrim-heart, to whom a dream was given 389 care not to know. The numerous publications Spain in 1830, by H. D. Inglis, is the unof late years on the subject of Spain induce us pretending title of two volumes, which we proto this remark; for after reading them, we are nounce to be the best English work on Spain almost as profoundly ignorant of the present that has appeared since the Rev. Mr. Townsstate of the Peninsula as we were previously to hend's travels, published some forty years ago. undergoing the labour of their perusal. We have Mr. Inglis enters the country from Bayonne, and waded ad nauseam through the speculations of follows the track of former travellers: we will the meddling politician, the learned pedantry not, however, by any present remarks, detain of the professor, and the cold-blooded narrative our readers from the passages we purpose of the tactician; we have yawned over the quoting from his book, merely adding, that the finely wove and delicately impressed pages of unaffectedness of his narrative, so conspicuous the flippant traveller, who describes from his throughout, is evidence of a clear eye and a moving prison the diligence; and who, the slave sound head, and tends very much to stamp the of habit, grounds his estimate of a people on the valuable information it contains with the aubasis of his personal gratification and conve-thenticity of truth. The capitals of countries nience. We willingly admit that much talent are not in all cases the best schools for acquirand learning have occasionally been applied to ing a knowledge of the peculiarities of national the illustration of the early poetry, and the character; and, under this impression, we halt elucidation of the history of Spain; but as with our traveller at Bilbao, in Biscay, and members of a commercial community, we have let him speak of that city and its industrious looked in vain for notices of her manufactures, population. Gems of Modern Sculpture. No. I. 4to. pp. 8. of her agriculture, and the products of her tains that enclose the valley increase in height, and details of their processes; for the condition "As the road approaches Bilbao, the moun(Also 8vo. and folio.) Engravings, with mines: as devoted to the arts and sciences, make a curve, and run directly into the Bay of Illustrative Lines by T. K. Hervey, Esq. we have been anxious to be informed of their Biscay; and Bilbao is situated in their bosom : London, 1831, Relfe; Cork, Edwards and present state and application, and the nature it is this that gives to Bilbao its peculiar characSavage. FOUR very sweet chalk engravings after draw- and protection; as lovers of constitutional as they approach the sea; but here this rule is of the encouragement for their advancement ter. Mountains generally diminish in height ings by clever draughtsmen, are the staple, as liberty, we expected to have the result of reversed, and Bilbao possesses the singularity far as the fine arts go, of this first No. of shrewd and impartial observation on the sources of being a sea-port, and of yet being all but very promising monthly publication. poetical illustrations are from the pen of Mr. their ruler, which cause Spain to be an anomaly nothing can be more striking and novel than the of those springs of action in the people, and surrounded by lofty mountains. Owing to this, Hervey; and whoever may follow his footsteps in this age of improvement and civilisation. in the ensuing Nos., will have no slight effort to make in order to sustain a comparison with is their enthusiasm for the past, to the total mile before entering it. I was obliged to leave Another fault common to such travellers, bridge that crosses the small river about a view of the city where it is first seen from the what he has so charmingly begun. The pub-disregard of the present state of things: whole the carriage at the entrance to the town, and lication, except in form, bears a strong resem. blance to Dagley's exquisite little volume of portant vestiges of antiquity, on a cathedral, wheeled carriages of any kind are allowed to chapters are wasted on mutilated and unim- walk to the posada; for it is the rule that no Gems from the Antique, illustrated by Croly: a mausoleum, or the precious labours of the drive through the streets of Bilbao. This rethe subjects are Canova's Hebe, Cupid and painter and sculptor of the 15th century, until gulation has arisen from a praiseworthy desire Psyche, and Dancing Girl, and Westmacott's we really know more of the ancient times and to preserve the purity of the water, which is Psyche. We select the verses on the latter, as manners of our neighbouring nations, than of conveyed in a stone tunnel under the streets; a fair specimen of the author's musical tenderness and beauty. their actual and existing situation; so that great all goods are therefore carried through the events take us by surprise, and excite our town either in panniers, on mules, or in special wonder, from being uninformed of the sledges, which are provided with a contrivance causes of which they are often but a simple and by which they constantly moisten their path natural consequence. It is much more satis- with water. factory to us to be enabled to make these ani- a fortnight, which I found amply sufficient to I remained in Bilbao madversions generally, than to apply them to see all that merited attention, and to inform of ill humour has come over us (and critical the province of Biscay. I have already spoken the author of a particular volume. When a fit myself respecting some of the peculiarities of ill humour is not always causeless), and when of the situation of Bilbao, as striking and about to draw an inky and inextricable labyrinth | beautiful, but the town itself is not remarkable round some offensive literary insect, our purpose for its beauty or cleanliness; the smells are has been averted by the recurrence to our mind most offensive; and lying as it does in so deep of the following golden passage from one of a basin among the mountains, which even shut Locke's letters, which we quote for the benefit it out from the sea, I can scarcely think Bilbao Those phantom-shapes that haunt and blight the for the builders who bring some addition to there is a fine promenade all the way to the of all our professional brethren :-"I am always a healthy city. But by the side of the river our knowledge, or at least some new thing to port, which lies about two miles from the city, our thoughts. The finders of faults, the con- and here the inhabitants may catch some of futers and pullers down, do but only erect a the sea-breeze which generally comes up with barren and useless triumph upon human igno- the tide; a part of this promenade is allotted rance, but advance us nothing in the acquisition to the fruit and vegetable market, which I this, writ over a water-work at Cleve, best there was a most abundant display of every of truth. Of all the mottos I ever met with, strolled through the morning after my arrival: pleased me,-Natura omnes fecit judices, sort of which the season admitted, including paucos artifices." expense of modern travellers, we have great pomme d'amour, and is an important ingredient Having now vented our critical ducts at the known in the south of France by the name of an extraordinary quantity of tomata; this is pleasure in announcing to our readers a very in Spanish cookery. The bread market is held considerable improvement on the Spanish line along with the fruit market, and I found the of road. It was our expressed intention to bread of Bilbao quite equal to that of the other Lieut. Slidell, and Sir A. de Brooke, in their dow in the hotel, I found that I was well situhave entered more at large into the merits of parts of Spain. When I looked from my winrespective works upon Spain; but we are now ated for observing the inhabitants of all classes: obtained the vantage ground, with much credit one side was a public fountain, and on the precluded, by another having stepped in and opposite, stood the church of St. Nicholas; at to himself, and we trust with no disadvantage other a brass basin (reminding me of Memto our readers. brino's helmet) indicated a barber's shop. At Through the dim grotto's tracery of spars"Mid the pine temples, on the moonlit mount, Where silence sits, to listen to the stars In the deep glade, where dwells the brooding dove- And found his footsteps' traces everywhere! earth, Had come 'twixt her, a child of sin and tears, And that bright spirit of immortal birth; Until her pining soul and weeping eyes This little poem is worthy of Mr. Hervey; whose nature and pathos we have so often had occasion to admire-whose best productions, indeed, always induce us to regret that he does not write more. With such wings, there is no fear of these lovely figures being wafted to the author's, or at any rate to the publisher's heaven-popularity. Spain in 1830. By Henry D. Inglis, author of Solitary Walks," &c. London, 1831. Whittaker and Co. MODERN travellers in many instances contrive to see every thing not worth seeing, and to be most particular in informing us of what we |