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GRADUS; or, Greek, Latin, and tory Notes in from the most eminent English Prosodial Lexicon; containing the Interpretation, in Latin and English, of all Words which occur in the Greek Poets, from the earliest period to the time of Ptolemy Philadelphus, and also the Quantities of each Syllable; thus combining the advantages of a Lexicon of the Greek Poets and a Greek Gradus. For the Use of Schools and Colleges. By the Rev. J. BRASSE, D.D. late Fellow of Trin. Col. Cam. It has been the object to present, in a comprehensive form, a manual, containing the interpretation, in Latin and English, of sach Words as occur in the principal Greek poets; the quantity of each syllable actually or virtually marked; an authority quoted for the existence and quantity of each word in those writers, and those terms set down as synonymous which appear to bear a similitude in sense to the principal word. 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Ave Maria Lane, Porteous, Heber, Bloomfield, Horsley, Horne, Mant; Archdeacon LONDON: Published every Saturday, by W. A. SCRIPPS, et J. MOYES, Took's Court, Chancery Lane. AND Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. This Journal is supplied Weekly, or Monthly, by the principal Booksellers and Newsmen, throughout the Kingdom; but to those who may desire its immediate transmission, by post, we recommend the LITERARY GAZETTE printed on stamped paper, price One Shilling. No. 738. SATURDAY, MARCH 12, 1831. PRICE 8d. |of the persons in the boat was called to some and there, on the shore, a thin cloak of the REVIEW OF NEW BOOKS. other object. Just within the gunwale there native cloth was to be seen. Some had their Captain Beechey's Narrative of a Voyage to the were many small things which were highly faces painted black, some red; others black and Pacific and Beering's Strait. 4to. pp. 742. prized by the swimmers; and the boats being white, or red and white, in the ludicrous manLondon, 1831. Colburn and Bentley. brought low in the water by the crowd hanging ner practised by our clowns; and two demonTHE perusal of this volume throughout has to them, many of these articles were stolen, like monsters were painted entirely black. It afforded us unmingled pleasure. The story is notwithstanding the most vigilant attention on is not easy to imagine the picture that was preso well told, and the information is of so inte- the part of the crew, who had no means of sented by this motley crowd, unrestrained by resting a nature, that it is like proceeding along recovering them, the marauders darting into any authority or consideration for their visiters, an agreeable path, with something at every turn the water, and diving the moment they com- all hallooing to the extent of their lungs, and to stop at and admire. But the more our gra- mitted a theft. The women were no less active pressing upon the boats with all sorts of grimaces tification has been increased, we have felt the in these piracies than the men; for if they were and gestures. It was found impossible to land more our want of power to do justice to the not the actual plunderers, they procured the where it was at first intended: the boats, highly-gifted author's narrative. The more opportunity for others, by engrossing the atten- therefore, rowed a little to the northward, perfect his pictures are, the less do we find tion of the seamen, by their caresses and ludi- followed by the multitude, and there effected a ourselves competent to reduce them within our crous gestures. In proceeding to the landing-disembarkation, aided by some of the natives, miniature size; the more finished his descrip- place the boats had to pass a small isolated rock who helped the party over the rocks with one tions, the less will they bear to be broken into which rose several feet above the water. As hand, while they picked their pockets with the insulated fragments. We must, therefore, after many females as could possibly find room other. It was no easy matter to penetrate the all, be satisfied with performing a very imper-crowded upon this eminence, pressing together dense multitude, and much less practicable to fect duty towards a volume of very superior so closely, that the rock appeared to be a mass excellence. With his code of instructions in his "locker," our gallant and intelligent Captain sailed from Spithead on the 19th of May, 1825, in the Blossom, of twenty-six, but mounting sixteen guns, carefully fitted out for the voyage, and with a complement of 110 persons; the object to meet Captain Parry or Captain Franklin in Beering's Strait, should the naval expedition of the former, or the land expedition of the latter, succeed in reaching that outlet to the Pacific. And as the Blossom in her route would traverse a portion of the globe hitherto little examined, her commander was directed to explore and survey these parts, with the view to the furtherance of navigation and general science: the task could not have been intrusted to abler hands. With such a trip before us, our first tack is to double Cape Horn. Quitting the coast of Chili, the island of Sala-y-Gomez was inspected through the glasses, and the ship bore away for Easter island. pursue a thief through the labyrinth of figures of living beings. Of these Nereids three or that thronged around. The articles stolen were four would shoot off at a time into the water, consequently as irretrievably lost here, as they and swim with the expertness of fish to the were before in the hands of the divers. It is boats to try their influence on their visiters. extremely difficult on such occasions to decide One of them, a very young girl, and less ac- which is the best line of conduct to adopt : customed to the water than her companions, whether to follow Captain Cook's rigid maxim was taken upon the shoulders of an elderly man, of never permitting a theft when clearly ascerconjectured to be her father, and was, by him, tained to go unpunished; or to act as Perouse recommended to the attention of one of the did with the inhabitants of Easter Island, and officers, who, in compassion, allowed her a seat suffer every thing to be stolen without resistin his boat. She was young and exceedingly ance or remonstrance. Perhaps the happy pretty; her features were small and well made, medium of shutting the eyes to those it is not her eyes dark, and her hair black, long, and necessary to observe, and punishing severely flowing; her colour, deep brunette. She was such as it is imperative to notice, will prove the tattooed in arches upon the forehead, and, like wisest policy. Among the foremost of the the greater part of her countrywomen, from crowd were two men, crowned with pelican's the waist downward to the knee in narrow feathers, who, if they were not chiefs, assumed compact blue lines, which at a short distance a degree of authority, and with the two demons had the appearance of breeches. Her only co- above mentioned attempted to clear the way by vering was a small triangular maro, made of striking at the feet of the mob; careful, howgrass and rushes; but this diminutive screen ever, so to direct their blows, that they should not agreeing with her ideas of propriety in the not take effect. Without their assistance, it novel situation in which she found herself, she would have been almost impossible to land: "As the boats approached, the anxiety of remedied the defect by unceremoniously appro- the mob cared very little for threats: a musket the natives was manifested by shouts, which priating to that use a part of one of the officer's presented at them had no effect beyond the overpowered the voices of the officers: and our apparel, and then commenced a song not alto- moment it was levelled, and was less efficacious boats, before they gained the beach, were sur-gether inharmonious. Far from being jealous than some water thrown upon the bystanders rounded by hundreds of swimmers, clinging to of her situation, she aided all her countrywomen by those persons who wished to forward the the gunwale, the stern, and the rudder, until who aspired to the same seat of honour with views of our party. The gentleman who disthey became unmanageable. They all appeared herself, by dragging them out of the water by embarked first, and from that circumstance to be friendly disposed, and none came empty- the hair of the head; but, unkind as it might probably was considered a person of distinction, handed. Bananas, yams, potatoes, sugar-cane, appear to interfere to prevent this, it was ne. was escorted to the top of the bank and seated nets, idols, &c. were offered for sale, and some cessary to do so, or the boats would have been upon a large block of lava, which was the prewere even thrown into the boat, leaving their filled and unmanageable. As our party passed, scribed limit to the party's advance. An envisiters to make what return they chose. Among the assemblage of females on the rock com- deavour was then made to form a ring about the swimmers there were a great many females, menced a song, similar to that chanted by the him; but it was very difficult, on account of who were equally or more anxious to get into lady in the boat; and accompanisd it by ex-the islanders crowding to the place, all in exthe boats than the men, and made use of every tending their arms over their heads, beating pectation of receiving something. The applipersuasion to induce the crew to admit them. their breasts, and performing a variety of ges-cants were impatient, noisy, and urgent: they But to have acceded to their entreaties would tures, which shewed that our visit was accept-presented their bags, which they had carefully have encumbered the party, and subjected them able, at least to that part of the community. emptied for the purpose, and signified their deto depredations. As it was, the boats were so When the boats were within a wading distance sire that they should be filled: they practised weighed down by persons clinging to them, of the shore, they were closely encompassed by every artifice, and stole what they could, in the that for personal safety the crew were compelled the natives; each bringing something in his most careless and open manner: some went to have recourse to sticks to keep them off, at hand, however small, and almost every one im- even farther, and accompanied their demands which none of the natives took offence, but re-portuning for an equivalent in return. All by threats. About this time one of the natives, gained their position the instant the attention those in the water were naked, and only here probably a chief, with a cloak and head-dress of 162 feathers, was observed from the ship hastening | boats for their forbearance on the occasion. 5th of March, 1829, after a short illness; and from the huts to the landing-place, attended by After this unfortunate and unexpected termi- his wife survived him but a few months. The several persons with short clubs. This hostile nation to our interview, I determined upon writer expresses the gratitude of himself and appearance, followed by the blowing of the quitting the island; as nothing of importance the rest for the kindness experienced from the conch-shell, a sound which Cook observes he was to be gained by remaining, which could be Blossom, and for the remembrance of their Since the death of Adams, he and never knew to portend good, kept our glasses put in competition with the probable loss of wants, which led to the shipment in the SeringaTo this lives that might attend an attempt at recon- patam. for a while riveted to the spot. The disappointment it occasioned another young man who had stopped there, chief it is supposed, for it was impossible to ciliation. distinguish amongst the crowd, Mr. Peard was great to us, who had promised ourselves officiated in the performance of religious duties, made a handsome present, with which he much novelty and enjoyment: but the loss to and in the instruction of the children. George was very well pleased, and no apprehension of the public is trifling, as the island has been Adams bad married Polly Young, and had two hostilities was entertained. It happened, how-very well described by Roggewein, Cook, Pe- sons; Sarah Christian was the wife of George The inhabitants ever, that the presents were expended, and rouse, Kotzebue, and others; and the people Nobbs (the young man above alluded to); while tian, were yet unmarried. With this slight this officer was returning to the boat for a appeared, in all material points, the same now Robert and Edward Young, and Mary Chrisfresh supply, when the natives, probably mis-as these authors have painted them." Captain Beechey attributes the hostile dis- were all in good health. taking his intentions, became exceedingly clamorous; and the confusion was further in-position of the natives, and its unfortunate episode, we resume our review; and we are creased by a marine endeavouring to regain his consequences, to the visits of unprincipled sorry we cannot extract Adams's account of cap, which had been snatched from his head. masters of trading vessels, whose conduct has the mutiny in the Bounty. The description At Gambier Island the natives were very trouThe natives took advantage of the confusion, been such as to inspire the people with jealousy of the natives is also extremely interesting. and redoubled their endeavours to pilfer, which and hatred. After visiting Ducie and some other islands, blesome and thievish; and Captain B. relates: "I determined, since the main deck was our party were at last obliged to repel by threats, and sometimes by force. At length the Blossom arrived at Pitcairn Island. Here they became so audacious, that there was no old Adams, in his sixty-fifth year, immediately cleared, that it should be kept so, and placed a longer any doubt of their intentions, or that a came on board. "He was," we are told, and it is marine at each of the ladders; but as the system of open plunder had commenced; which, corroborated by an interesting engraving of him, natives tried every method to elude their vigilwith the appearance of clubs and sticks, and" unusually strong and active for his age, not-ance, the sentinels had an arduous task to the departure of the women, induced Mr. withstanding the inconvenience of considerable perform; and disturbances must inevitably Peard, very judiciously, to order his party into corpulency. He was dressed in a sailor's shirt have arisen in the execution of their orders, the boats. This seemed to be the signal for and trousers, and a low-crowned hat, which he had it not been for our Newfoundland dog. an assault. The chief who had received the instinctively held in his hand, until desired to It fortunately happened that this animal had He still retained his sailor's gait, taken a dislike to our visiters; and the deck present, threw a large stone, which struck Mr. put it on. Peard forcibly upon the back, and was imme-doffing his hat and smoothing down his bald being cleared, he instinctively placed himself at diately followed by a shower of missiles which forehead, whenever he was addressed by the the foot of the ladder, and in conjunction with The natives, who had darkened the air. The natives, in the water officers. It was the first time he had been on the little terrier, who did not forget his perilous and about the boats, instantly withdrew to board a ship of war since the mutiny, and his hug of the day before, most effectually accomtheir comrades, who had run behind a bank mind naturally reverted to scenes that could plished our wishes. out of the reach of the muskets; which former not fail to produce a temporary embarrassment, never seen a dog before, were in the greatest experience alone could have taught them to heightened, perhaps, by the familiarity with terror of them; and Neptune's bark was soon The which he found himself addressed by persons of found to be far more efficacious than the point fear, for none had yet been fired by us. stones, each of which weighed about a pound, a class with those whom he had been accustom- of a sentry's bayonet, and much less likely to fell incredibly thick, and with such precision, ed to obey. Apprehension for his safety formed lead to serious disturbances. Besides, his ac that several of the seamen were knocked down no part of his thoughts: he had received too tivity cleared the whole of the main deck at under the thwarts of the boat; and every per- many demonstrations of the good feeling that once, and supplied the place of all the sentinels. son was more or less wounded, except the existed towards him, both on the part of the The natives applied the name of boa to him,female to whom Lieutenant Wainwright had British government and of individuals, to en- a word which in the Otaheitean language progiven protection, who, as if aware of the skil-tertain any alarm on that head; and as every perly signifies a hog. But it may be observed, horse, which they call boa-afae-taata, (literally, fulness of her countrymen, sat unconcerned person endeavoured to set his mind at rest, he that boa is applied equally to a bull or to a upon the gunwale, until one of the officers, very soon made himself at home." Our readers are aware that this remarkable man-carrying pig), or to all foreign quadru with more consideration for her safety than she [To be continued.] herself possessed, pushed her overboard, and individual is since dead: we have had kindly peds." The natives here were also very she swam ashore. A blank cartridge was at communicated to us a letter from the island, of hostile. first fired over the heads of the crowd; but the 19th March last; and as the public have forbearance, which with savages is generally felt much curiosity respecting this semi-English mistaken for cowardice or inability, only aug- settlement, we shall notice its substance. The writer acknowledges the arrival of tools, mented their fury. The showers of stones were, if possible, increased; until the personal clothing, and other articles, by the Seringasafety of all, rendered it necessary to resort to patam, the Hon. Capt. Waldegrave, and sends The chief, still urging the the thanks of the islanders to government for islanders on, very deservedly, and perhaps for- these welcome supplies. He then mentions a tunately, fell a victim to the first shot that was report that had reached them from Mr. Nott, fired in defence. Terrified by this example, a missionary, of its being the intention of the the natives kept closer under their bulwark; Admiralty to send a ship to convey them to and though they continued to throw stones, and Otaheite, or some of the Friendly Islands. occasioned considerable difficulty in extricating This, we had heard, was intended a year or the boats, their attacks were not so effectual as two ago, but we presume the plan has been before, nor sufficient to prevent the embarka-abandoned; and we rejoice at it, for the writer tion of the crew, all of whom were got on adds; "the natives are all satisfied at present board. Several dangerous contusions were re- with their little island, and do not desire to Adams, he relates, died on the ceived in the affair; but fortunately no lives leave it."* were lost on our part and it was the opinion Captain B., however, says, at the period he was there: of the officer commanding the party, that the treacherous chief was the only victim on that Some books of travels which were left from time to time on the island, and the accounts they had heard of of the islanders, though some of the officers foreign countries from their visiters, has created in the thought they observed another man fall. Con-islanders a strong desire to leave it. The idea of passing sidering the manner in which the party were surrounded, and the imminent risk to which they were exposed, it is extraordinary that so few of the natives suffered; and the greatest credit is due to the officers and crews of both severe measures. seeing any thing of the world, or, what was a stronger a young but, on the contrary, reasons for wishing to employ his About thirty years ago, there was a rumour after they had made offerings before the altar, Cambrian Superstitions; comprising Ghosts, which many of the old inhabitants of Carmar- and begged forgiveness of the saints, they were Omens, Witchcraft, Traditions, &c.; with then may recollect, of the singular appearance restored to their senses. a concise View of the Manners and Customs of three of these funerals at noon, near Cwm- This reminds us of the oriental fable of the of the Principality, &c. By W. Howells. dyvran, when several people were reaping in a Palace of Truth. If people were enforced to 12mo. pp. 194. Tipton, 1831, Danks; Lon- field not far distant, and one observing them, exhibit all their misdoings with true pantodon, Longman and Co. called out to the rest, when all, to the number mimic accuracy at any given time and place, How dare Mr. Howells attempt to be facetious of about twelve, beheld them for a considerable we rather suspect that a number of odd matin a work of this sort? To buffoon a ghost-time moving along. In the course of the week ters would come to light. At any rate the story, to jest with omens, and to laugh at three deaths occurred, and the three funerals scene would be wondrous droll, though we are witchcraft, are unpardonable mistakes in any passed the way where their forerunners were not prepared to say that the consequences would writer upon these subjects. If he does not seen, at the same time. These are a sort of be always very agreeable. An Elnyfed chapel seem to be in earnest with them, their whole processions that I never heard took place any is not a church, the "spread" of which over charm is lost: without a tolerable tincture of where but in Wales. An old man residing the country is to be coveted. But we pass to superstition no man ought to put pen to paper near Llanilwch church, Carmarthenshire, has the author's account of the good people. about corpse-candles, presentiments, fetches, taken his oath that he often saw these kind of "The following (he says) is the account reevil days, will-o'-the-wisps, or bogles. Hold- funerals going to church; and one evening he lated in Wales of the origin of the fairies, and ing this opinion, we could absolutely kick the had the curiosity to notice one, by peeping over was told me by an individual from Anglesea. In author for writing in so uncongenial a style as the wall. Most of the people in the procession our Saviour's time there lived a woman whose the annexed. he knew, but perceived some one, whom he fortune it was to be possessed of near a score "It is pretty generally known in Carmar-imagined a stranger, standing apart from the of children, (what would the Malthusians nowthen, that it was the custom (one not quite rest, and gazing at them. In a few days after a-days say to such a living stock?), and as she obsolete, it being revived about a year or so this there was a real funeral, so that he deter- saw our blessed Lord approach her dwelling, ago) of a spirit to make his or her appearance mined to see whether there would be any simi- being ashamed of being so prolific, and that he every night (I presume there are male and larity between them, and went to the church- might not see them all, she concealed about female ones), and follow them, to the no small yard, but unconsciously stood on the very place half of them closely, and, after his departure, terror of the travellers on the road to St. John's where he saw the supposed stranger gazing, when she went in search of them, to her surtown. She was generally supposed to be a which, it appears, was no other than his own prise found they were all gone. They never witch, and the place is still styled after her, ghost. This man, I am informed, was favoured afterwards could be discovered, for it was supPen llan wich: but one would imagine a witch with the second sight, so that his seeing such posed that as a punishment from heaven, for would not take the trouble to be there so often things seems not improbable; but as to others hiding what God had given her, she was dewithout some emolument. Be that as it may, not possessed of the gift, it is absurd for a prived of them; and, it is said, these, her offit is credited by the illiterate Welsh to have moment to hesitate that they saw them. spring, have generated the race of beings called been as true as that St. David is patron saint | "In some parts of North Wales a voice has fairies. In some parts of Pembrokeshire and of Wales, that there has been a being haunting been heard when the husband of a house has Carmarthenshire, we have some singular acthat road, to whatever genus he or she may been quitting for immortality, saying, ' Y mae counts of islands inhabited by fairies, who appertain; and it was said re-appeared about a nenbren y ty yn craccio, fe dyr yn y maen,' attended regularly the markets at Milford year ago, or thereabouts, probably to see how which implies that the main beam which sup- Haven and Laugharne, bought in silence their matters were going on, and to give information ports the house is cracking, and will soon fall; meat and other necessaries, and leaving the of the different marches of improvement, intel- and, just as he was expiring, it would say, money, (generally silver pennies,) departed, as leet, &c. in the shades below." 'Dyna fe yn torri,' or there it breaks.' A if knowing what they would have been charged. Were it not impossible that any book about strange chirping of chickens has been also They sometimes were visible, and at other times supernatural things could be dull, we really heard as people were dying, and I am ac- invisible. The islands, which appeared to be think this Welsh exposition would have been quainted with one aged person who has heard beautifully and tastefully arranged, were seen too poor for review; but as hobgoblins and it. It is related, too, that as one Rees, a reli- at a distance from land, and supposed to be spectres, wheresoever and howsoever they ap-gious man, residing near Carmarthen, was numerously peopled by an unknown race of pear, are worthy of some notice, we shall recall leaving this world, those who were in the room beings. It was also imagined that they had a two or three of the best from the narrative be- heard some sweet singing, as if of angels. The subterraneous passage from these islands to the fore us. following remarkable occurrence I cannot re- towns. It is reported, they were particularly "It was very prevalent in Cambria for peo-frain from narrating, as the family in which it fond of purchasing their meat from one butcher, pie to see the funerals of others going to church occurred, who now reside at Carmarthen, were to whom they often came invisible, and after previous to their death; and it appears not far from being superstitious: their seeing this taking the meat, deposited the proper payonly by the possessors of the second sight, but will recall it to memory. As they were seated ment. als by many others. On one occasion, a coun- in the parlour, with an invalid lying very ill "An aged individual from Anglesea, soyman was returning home about dusk with on the sofa, they were much surprised at the lemnly affirmed to me, that when a youth, he his team, near Llanpumpsaint, Carmarthen-appearance of a bird, similar in size and colour frequently saw the Tylwyth Teg; and that hire, when he met one of these ghostly fune- to a blackbird, which hopped into the room, going out early one morning to fetch his rals, and, what appears rather singular, the fore- went up to the female who was unwell, and, father's cows from the field, he observed a birse was startled at sight of the procession; after pecking on the sofa, strutted out imme-posse of the little folks dancing: he says, that in about a week after this, the funeral of a per. diately. What appears very strange, a day or when beholding them, his eyes became dazzled, son who died suddenly at a farm near there two after this the sick person died. A bird of as if he was looking upon the sun, and on his passed that way, and the same man happening the same kind flew to a window, as if it wished return from the meadow, he discovered a groat to see it, declared the incorporeal and substan- to enter the room in which a person lay ill, at placed on a stone of Cymmunod Bridge, and tial funerals were precisely alike in every realways after he had seen them, found the same pect. Another circumstance in vogue is of a sum placed there. His having money so often yg man of Trelech, Carmarthenshire, who, about him, excited his father's suspicion, and returning home about the hour when spirits one Sabbath day he inquired the manner in which 'from visiting his cariad, also met one of it was obtained, when he confessed that it was the spectral burials, and possessing a consi- death-tick: through the medium of the fairies. He often derate share of courage, followed it after it "There stood formerly near Brecon a chapel, went after this to the field, but never found psed him, in order to see what would occur. called Elnyfed chapel, concerning which the any money on the bridge, or saw the offended He had not proceeded far, ere he observed one legendary account states, that on one of the Tylwyth Teg again; for through his divulof the company turn aside to accost a friendly saint's days being kept there, after the conclu- ging the secret, their favour and kindness were st who seemed passing by, with Well, sion of service the people were seized with a lost. The same person also informed me, that sut yr ych chwi vachgen? (how d'ye do, sort of lunacy, making motions with their in the neighbourhood where he lived, a person In a few days after, a funeral passed by hands and feet of whatever works they had one day arising to labour, was much surprised that way, and that he might ascertain whether unrighteously performed on other saints' days, at not being able to find his shirt, and next things were, the man followed, and confi- so that some were making signs of leaping, morning much more so at beholding a fairy ntly asserted to many that the circumstance some of plaiting, some of spinning, others of bounce in the room and disappear instantly: being accosted actually took place. combing flax or knitting stockings, &c.; but getting up soon after this, he was agreeably of the man Penygraig, and although they endeavoured to But the following is of a character quite as |